Chemical processing strategies to obtain sporopollenin exine capsules from multi-compartmental pine pollen

Prabhakar, A.K.,Lai, H.Y.,Potroz, M.G.,Corliss, M.K.,Park, J.H.,Mundargi, R.C.,Cho, D.,Bang, S.I.,Cho, N.J. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2017 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.53 No.-

Pine pollen is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and has been consumed as a food product for thousands of years. Owing to wind pollination, its pollen grains are composed of a sporoplasmic central cavity along with two empty air sac compartments. While this architectural configuration is evolutionarily optimized for wind dispersal, such features also lend excellent potential for encapsulating materials, especially in the context of preparing sporopollenin exine capsules (SECs). Herein, we systematically evaluated one-pot acid processing methods in order to generate pine pollen SECs that support compound loading. Morphological properties of the SECs were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic imaging particle analysis (DIPA), and protein removal was evaluated by CHN elemental analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). It was identified that 5-h acidolysis with 85% w/v phosphoric acid at 70<SUP>o</SUP>C yielded an optimal balance of high protein removal and preservation of microcapsule architecture, while other processing methods were also feasible with an additional enzymatic step. Importantly, the loading efficiency of the pine pollen SECs was three-times greater than that of natural pine pollen, highlighting their potential for microencapsulation. Taken together, our findings outline a successful strategy to prepare intact pine pollen SECs and demonstrate for the first time that SECs can be prepared from multi-compartmental pollen capsules, opening the door to streamlined processing approaches to utilize pine pollen microcapsules in industrial applications.

Preservation of Acid Treated Bivoltine Eggs in Silkworm Bombyx mori L.

Rajanna, K. L.,Raju, P.Jayarama,Prabhakar, C.J.,Kamble, C.K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.17 No.2

The hybrid ($CSR2{\times}CSR4$) eggs treated with acid were taken up for the study with an objective to develop long-term preservation schedule. The hybrid eggs obtained with two mating duration (3 h and 6 h) and oviposition period (6 h and 24 h) with two age groups of eggs (24 h and 36 h) were treated with Hydrochloric acid. These eggs were subjected to preservation at $5^{\circ}C$ in single step refrigeration and at $5^{\circ}C$ and $2.5^{\circ}C$ under double step refrigeration from $10{\sim}120$ days. These eggs were released from the cold storage as per the specified durations and incubated at standard conditions and allowed 2 h for hatching at 450 lux light. Hatchability was found to be significantly higher or on par with the control in three treatments (T1, T2 and T4) where the eggs are preserved continuously at $5^{\circ}C$ up to 30 days. However under double step refrigeration, hatching was not significantly affected in 20+60 day's combination of T1 treatment up to 80 days. Bioassay studies of the promising treatment i.e.. T1 with (20+60) days indicated that early stage loss and cocoon yield was found to be on par with the control. Hence this treatment was recommended for preservation of acid treated new bivoltine hybrid layings. Details of the hatchability and rearing performance of long term preservation of acid treated eggs are discussed.

Effect of hybridization and hybrid fiber dispersion on the mechanical properties of glass/flax vinyl ester composites

C. Naga Kumar,M.N. Prabhakar,J.I. Song 대한기계학회 2019 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2019 No.5

Dysprosium doped niobium zinc fluorosilicate glasses: Interesting materials for white light emitting devices

Prabhakar, J.,Kummara, Venkata Krishnaiah,Linganna, K.,Babu, P.,Jayasankar, C.K.,Kim, Jihoon,Venkatramu, V. Elsevier 2019 OPTIK -STUTTGART- Vol.176 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Trivalent dysprosium doped niobium zinc fluorosilicate glasses modified with different Nb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>/ZnF<SUB>2</SUB> molar (M) ratios have been fabricated by the traditional melt-quenching technique and derived their structural, photoluminescence and decay properties using spectroscopic techniques. Induced structural modifications have been observed upon increasing content of Nb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>. Maximum phonon energy of the glass matrix is found to be 1010 cm<SUP>−1</SUP> from the Raman spectrum. The emission spectra of these glasses exhibit two intense bands at 480 and 570 nm besides a weak red emission at 650 nm. The decay profiles of Dy<SUP>3+</SUP> ion for the <SUP>4</SUP>F<SUB>9/2</SUB> level exhibit a non-exponential behavior for all the glasses. The intrinsic lifetimes for the <SUP>4</SUP>F<SUB>9/2</SUB> level of Dy<SUP>3+</SUP> ion have been determined by using the Inokuti-Hirayama model and are found to be 409, 366 and 325μs for the glasses with Nb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>/ZnF<SUB>2</SUB>:10/30, 20/20 and 30/10 M ratios, respectively. The color coordinates have been evaluated from the emission spectra of the glasses and found that the glass with Nb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>/ZnF<SUB>2</SUB>:30/10 M ratio appears near to the equal energy point. The correlated color temperature matches well to the summer sunlight region (4900–5600 K), indicating that the glasses could be a potential candidate for white light emitting devices.</P>

Research Articles : Preservation of Acid Treated Bivoltine Eggs in Silkworm Bombyx mori L.

( K. L. Rajanna ),( P. Jayarama Raju ),( C. J. Prabhakar ),( C. K. Kamble ) 한국잠사학회 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.17 No.2

The hybrid (CSR2xCSR4) eggs treated with acid were taken up for the study with an objective to develop long-term preservation schedule. The hybrid eggs obtained with two mating duration (3 h and 6 h) and oviposition period (6 h and 24h) with two age groups of eggs (24 h and 36 h) were treated with Hydrochloric acid. These eggs were subjected to preservation at 5℃ in single step refrigeration and at 5℃ and 2.5℃ under double step refrigeration from 10~120 days. These eggs were released from the cold storage as per the specified durations and incubated at standard conditions and allowed 2 h for hatching at 450 lux light. Hatchability was found to be significantly higher or on par with the control in three treatments (T1, T2 and T4) where the eggs are preserved continuously at 5℃ up to 30 days. However under double step refrigeration, hatching was not significantly affected in 20+60 day`s combination of T1 treatment up to 80 days. Bioassay studies of the promising treatment i.e. T1 with (20+60) days indicated that early stage loss and cocoon yield was found to be on par with the control. Hence this treatment was recommended for preservation of acid treated new bivoltine hybrid layings. Details of the hatchability and rearing performance of long term preservation of acid treated eggs are discussed.

Botanicals Mediated Reproductive Enhancement in Mulberry Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.)

Kumar P. M. Pratheesh,Bhargava S.K.,Prabhakar C.J.,Kamble C.K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2007 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.14 No.1

Ethanol extract of 20 botanicals in 3 concentrations i.e., 2.5%, 5% and 10% were evaluated for their efficacy to improve reproductive performance of mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mod L.) through feeding botanical enriched mulberry leaves during $2^{nd}$ day of $4^{th}$ age as well as $1^{st}$ and $3^{rd}$ day of $5^{th}$ age larvae. The preliminary screening was done by ranking the botanicals based on influence in most important reproductive contributing parameters such as single cocoon weight, effective rate of rearing, pupation rate, fecundity and recovery of eggs/kg cocoon. Five botanicals viz., Asparagus recemosus, Achyranthes aspera, Tribulus terrestris, Withania somnifera, Parthenium histerophorus ranked first were further evaluated at 8% 5% and 3% concentrations to confirm their effectiveness and standardize effective concentration. Among the rearing parameters, mature larval weight, shell ratio and number of cocoons/kg were not significantly influenced by the treatments. However, reproductive parameters such as effective rate of rearing (wt), pupation rate (%), fecundity (No.) and egg recovery (g)/kg cocoon were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the botanicals. Higher fecundity and egg recovery were obtained on treatment with Withania somnifera irrespective of concentrations. However at 5% concentration, pupation rate, fecundity as well as egg recovery were found significantly higher than that of other concentrations, confirming its effectiveness for improving reproductive efficiency.

Botanicals Mediated Reproductive Enhancement in Mulberry Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.)

( P. M. Pratheesh Kumar ),( S. K. Bhargava ),( C. J. Prabhakar ),( C. K. Kamble ) 한국잠사학회 2007 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.14 No.1

Ethanol extract of 20 botanicals in 3 concentrations i.e., 2.5%, 5% and 10% were evaluated for their efficacy to improve reproductive performance of mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mod L.) through feeding botanical enriched mulberry leaves during 2nd day of 4th age as well as 1st and 3rd day of 5th age larvae. The preliminary screening was done by ranking the botanicals based on influence in most important reproductive contributing parameters such as single cocoon weight, effective rate of rearing, pupation rate, fecundity and recovery of eggs/kg cocoon. Five botanicals viz., Asparagus recemosus, Achyranthes aspera, Tribulus terrestris, Withania somnifera, Parthenium histerophorus ranked first were further evaluated at 8% 5% and 3% concentrations to confirm their effectiveness and standardize effective concentration. Among the rearing parameters, mature larval weight, shell ratio and number of cocoons/kg were not significantly influenced by the treatments. However, reproductive parameters such as effective rate of rearing (wt), pupation rate (%), fecundity (No.) and egg recovery (g)/kg cocoon were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the botanicals. Higher fecundity and egg recovery were obtained on treatment with Withania somnifera irrespective of concentrations. However at 5% concentration, pupation rate, fecundity as well as egg recovery were found significantly higher than that of other concentrations, confirming its effectiveness for improving reproductive efficiency.