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Bonwoo Koo,Mi Young Noh,Yasuyuki Arakane 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
Insect cuticle/exoskeleton is a first physical barrier to protect their body from multifarious environments such as desiccation, natural enemies and entomopathogenic microorganisms. Cuticle tanning (sclerotization and pigmentation) is a vital procedure for generating suitable cuticle depending on body region by sclerotization and pigmentation in insects. Insect cuticle tanning is a complex process involves hydroxylation of tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), decarboxylation of DOPA to dopamine, N-acylation of dopamine to N-acetyldopamine (NADA) or N-β-alanyldopamine (NBAD), oxidation of NADA and NBAD to their corresponding quinones, and reactions between the quinones or quinone derivatives with cuticle protein (CP) side chains resulting in protein cross-linking. One type of pigmentation (quinone tanning) is associated with the covalent linkage of CPs to the ring component of NBAD. In contrast, linkage of CPs to the side chain of NADA (b-sclerotization) is correlated with colorless cuticle. N-acetyltransferase (NAT) catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to N-acetyl dopamine (NADA) in cuticle tanning pathway. In this study, we studied function of TcNAT1 on adult cuticle tanning by double stranded-RNA (dsRNA) mediated gene silencing. Injection of dsTcNAT1 had no affect on animal development, growth and molting such as larva to larva, larva to pupa and pupa to adult. However, some of the resulting adults (~70%) showed split elytra that could not cover their abdomen, resulting in improper folding of their hindwings. Interestingly, body color of the mature adults (older than 3 days) was darker than that of control dsTcVer treated adults because probably due to the buildup of abnormally high levels of dopamine, which is used for dopamine eumelanin pigment synthesis (black pigment) and dopamine quinone-mediated protein crosslinking. On elytra and hindwings of these adults, darker pigments were observed around the sensory bristles that are located in the intervein regions, suggesting that NADA mediated b-sclerotization is occurred at these regions. Similarly, darker pigment was evident at veins of the hindwings of the dsTcNAT1-mature adults. These results suggest that TcNAT1 have important roles in sclerotization and pigmentation of adult body and wings (elytron and hindwing). This work was supported by NRF (NRF-2012R1A2A1A01006467).
Bonwoo Koo,Mi Young Noh,Yasuyuki Arakane 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10
Insect cuticle is a first physical barrier to protect their body from multifarious environments. Cuticle tanning (sclerotization and pigmentation) is a complex process involves hydroxylation of tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), decarboxylation of DOPA to dopamine, N-acylation of dopamine to N-acetyldopamine (NADA) or N-β-alanyldopamine (NBAD), oxidation of NADA and NBAD to their corresponding quinones, and reactions between the quinones or quinone derivatives with cuticular proteins (CPs) resulting in protein cross-linking. N-acetyltransferase (NAT) catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to NADA whose covalent-linkage of CPs is correlated with colorless cuticle (β-sclerotization). In this study, we analyzed functions of TcNAT1 on cuticle tanning of adult Tribolium castaneum by RNAi. Injection of dsRNA for TcNAT1 (dsTcNAT1) had no affect on animal development and growth. However, some of the resulting adults (~70%) showed split elytra that could not cover their abdomen, resulting in improper folding of their hindwings. Interestingly, body color of the mature adults was darker than that of control dsTcVer-treated adults because probably due to the buildup of abnormally high levels of dopamine, which is used for dopamine eumelanin pigment synthesis (black pigment). On elytra and hindwings of these adults, darker pigments were observed around the sensory bristles located at the intervein regions, suggesting that NADA mediated β-sclerotization is occurred in these regions. Similarly, darker pigment was evident at veins of the hindwings of TcNAT1-deficient adults. These results suggest that TcNAT1 plays important roles in cuticle tanning of T. castaneum adult. To characterize enzymatic properties of TcNAT1, furthermore, recombinant TcNAT1 protein expressed in E. coli was purified by utilizing Ni-NTA affinity column chromatography. This work was supported by NRF (NRF-2012R1A2A1A01006467).
Effect of extraction conditions on chemical composition and antioxidant properties of mulberry fruit
( Sora Lee ),( Bonwoo Koo ),( Wan-taek Ju ),( Hyun-bok Kim ),( Haeyong Kweon ),( Ji Hae Lee ) 한국잠사학회 2021 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.42 No.2
Mulberry fruit (Morus alba L.) contains phytochemicals, including 1-deoxynojirimycin, quercetinglucoside, kaempferol-glucoside, and anthocyanins, which have antioxidant effects. In this study, mulberry fruit extract was prepared at various temperatures (25-100℃) and water/ ethanol solvent concentrations (0%-100% ethanol). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and circular dichroism (CD) data indicated that the content of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids was lower in 100% ethanolic extracts than in 30%-50% ethanolic extracts. Radical scavenging activity determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-di-3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays was highly correlated with polyphenol and flavonoid content. In conclusion, 30%-50% ethanolic extracts contained the highest contents of bioactive compounds and exhibited high levels of radical scavenging activity. These findings may inform the use of mulberry fruit extract as a functional food.
실시간 중합효소 연쇄반응을 활용한 생물작용제 검증시스템 연구
차영길,구본우,김성주,김남일,박한오,Cha, Younggil,Koo, Bonwoo,Kim, Seongjoo,Kim, Namil,Park, Hanoh 한국군사과학기술학회 2017 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.20 No.5
Bacillus anthracis, Vibrio cholerae, Variola virus and Shigella dysenteriae are classified as category A and B biological weapons. In this study suggest that 4 genes of Bacillus anthracis, 2 genes of Vibrio cholerae, 1 gene of Variola virus and 1 gene of Shigella dysenteriae were detective 50~500 fg of target DNA per reaction using real-time PCR based assay. Also analytical specificity did not show any cross-reactivity with other related bacteria. Reliable and one reaction could be effective early diagnostic and treatment for detection of unknown samples.
Flavonoids analysis in leaves and fruits of Korean mulberry cultivar, Baekokwang having white fruits
( Sora Lee ),( Soo Hyun Kim ),( Bonwoo Koo ),( Hyun-bok Kim ),( You-young Jo ),( Haeyong Kweon ),( Wan-taek Ju ) 한국잠사학회 2020 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.41 No.2
Morus alba has white and/or purple fruits with a very sweet taste and low acidity. Most Korean mulberry trees have purple fruits. However, Baekokwang is a unique mulberry genetic resource in Korea with white fruits. In this study, flavonoids contents of Baekokwang mulberry leaf and fruit were analyzed using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS) technique. UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS chromatogram showed that 15 flavonoids and 9 flavonoids were isolated and identified from the mulberry leaf and fruit. Total flavonoids contents of Baekokwang leaves and fruits were 812.7 mg and 35.0 mg, respectively. Baekokwang leaves had 4 major flavonoids including quercetin 3-O-(6''-O-malonyl) glucoside, 235.3 ppm, kaempferol 3-O-(6''-O-malonyl) glucoside , 132.3 ppm, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (nicotiflorin), 108.1 ppm, and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin), 103.8 ppm. Baekokwang fruits had 3 major flavonoids including quercetin 3-O-(6''-O-malonyl) glucoside, 13.0 ppm, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin), 7.8 ppm, and kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (nicotiflorin), 5.7 ppm. From the above results, mulberry leaves have rich flavonoids compared to its fruits.