太谿穴의 臨床 活用에 대한 文獻考察

구성태,송문영,강정묵,김용명,박보라,이은석,홍정아,김경식,손인철 한국전통의학연구소 2003 한국전통의학지 Vol.13 No.1

Literally, the mean of Tae-gye is highest brook. And on the basis of the acupuncture theory, Tae-gye point is the Soo earth point and source point of the Kidney Channel as well. In addition, Tae-gye point is one of the Yang-Returning Nine points. We were trying to study bibliographically on the Tae-gye point because Tae-gye point can be used very broadly across the symptoms in the theoretical aspect described above. As a results, we found out that according to the classical books of acupuncture, Tae-gye point is entering point of the Meridian Water as a source point and can be used at both Kidney-Sufficient Syndrom and Kidney-Deficient Syndrom. And Tae-gye can be applied to the disease of kidney or bladder that is urogenital symtoms, Also, Tae-gye is an useful option of tooth-ache, asthma, indigestion, constipation, edema etc whose cause is related with decrease of Kidney ki.

전국 10개 종합병원 중환자실 환자의 직장내 Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci(VRE) 보균율, 보균의 위험요인 및 유전적 다양성 조사

정희진,송준영,엄중식,김우주,최선주,최정현,이혁,정문현,이광미,신동현,손보라,최종성,우흥정,권정아,이경원,최강원,박승철 대한감염학회 2002 감염 Vol.34 No.5

Retinyl retinoate as cosmetic anti-aging ingredients: new hybrid retinoid derivatives

( Hyo Jung Kim ),( Soo Jong Um ),( Sung Ku Ahn ),( Nam Soo Kim ),( Seung Joo Kang ),( Jong Gu Kang ),( Bo Ra Kim ),( Jin Eun Kim ),( Gae Jong Lee ),( Hyuk Kim ),( Joo Dong Lee ),( Hee Chang Ryoo ),( H 한국피부장벽학회 2008 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.10 No.1

Retinoids (vitamin A and vitamin A derivatives), such as retinol (ROL) and retinoic acid (RA), have received a great deal of attention by the cosmetics industry for their use as anti-wrinkle agents. However, neither RA nor ROL are widely used due to skin irritation and poor photostability, respectively. For this reason, safety and photo-stability have been important issues for the continued development of RA or ROL derivatives. To improve the photo-stability of retinol, a new hybrid, retinyl retinoate, was synthesized with a condensing reaction to form an ester bond between ROL (which has a hydroxyl end group) and RA (which has a carboxyl end group); the biological activity of the hybrid was also analyzed. Retinyl retinoate, a novel hybrid derivative, has better chemical stability, reduced skin irritant properties, and higher skin regeneration activity than either ROL or RA alone, and is thus a promising anti-wrinkle agent.

Evaluation of synbiotics as gut health improvement agents against Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from the pig

( Bo-ra Kim ),( Kyung Jin Cho ),( Doowan Kim ),( Jin Ho Cho ),( Jun Hyung Lee ),( Robin B. Guevarra ),( Sun Hee Lee ),( Jung Sun Kang ),( Won Tak Cho ),( Suphot Wattanaphansak ),( Bit Na Kang ),( Jong 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2019 한국축산학회지 Vol.61 No.2

Colibacillosis is one of the major health problems in young piglets resulting in poor health and death caused by Escherichia coli producing F18 pili and Shiga toxin 2e. It is pivotal to reduce colibacillosis in weaned piglets to enhance production performance. In this study, we evaluated synbiotics as the gut health improvement agents in the mouse model challenged with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) isolated from piglets. Prebiotic lactulose was formulated with each 5.0 × 10⁶ CFU/mL of Pediococcus acidilactici GB-U15, Lactobacillus plantarum GB-U17, and Lactobacillus plantarum GB 1-3 to produce 3 combinations of synbiotics. A total of 40 three weeks old BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 10): a control group and 3 synbiotics treated groups. Each treatment groups were daily administrated with 5.0 × 10⁶ CFU/mL of one synbiotics for the first week, and every 3 days during the second week. All the mice were challenged with 8.0 × 10⁸ CFU/mL of STEC 5 days after animals began to receive synbiotics. Mice treated with synbiotics based on Pediococcus acidilactici GBU15 and Lactobacillus plantarum GB-U17 significantly improved daily weight gain compared to mice in other groups. While mice treated with GB-U15 showed better fecal index, no significant differences were observed among groups. Gross lesion and histopathological evaluations showed that mice treated with GB-U15 moderately improved recovery from STEC infection. In conclusion, our results suggest that the synbiotics formulated with lactulose and Pediococcus acidilactici GB-U15 have potential benefits to prevent and improve colibacillosis in weaned piglets.

Lactoferrin Combined with Retinoic Acid Stimulates B1 Cells to Express IgA Isotype and Gut-homing Molecules

Kang, Seong-Ho,Jin, Bo-Ra,Kim, Hyeon-Jin,Seo, Goo-Young,Jang, Young-Saeng,Kim, Sun-Jin,An, Sun-Jin,Park, Seok-Rae,Kim, Woan-Sub,Kim, Pyeung-Hyeun The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2015 Immune Network Vol.15 No.1

It is well established that TGF-${\beta}1$ and retinoic acid (RA) cause IgA isotype switching in mice. We recently found that lactoferrin (LF) also has an activity of IgA isotype switching in spleen B cells. The present study explored the effect of LF on the Ig production by mouse peritoneal B cells. LF, like TGF-${\beta}1$, substantially increased IgA production in peritoneal B1 cells but little in peritoneal B2 cells. In contrast, LF increased IgG2b production in peritoneal B2 cells much more strongly than in peritoneal B1 cells. LF in combination with RA further enhanced the IgA production and, interestingly, this enhancement was restricted to IgA isotype and B1 cells. Similarly, the combination of the two molecules also led to expression of gut homing molecules ${\alpha}4{\beta}7$ and CCR9 on peritoneal B1 cells, but not on peritoneal B2 cells. Thus, these results indicate that LF and RA can contribute to gut IgA response through stimulating IgA isotype switching and expression of gut-homing molecules in peritoneal B1 cells.

Upper extremity musculoskeletal pain during rehabilitation in persons with spinal cord injuries using manual wheelchairs

Bo Ra Kang,Dong Hee Cho,Han Seung Kim,Si-Nae Ahn 물리치료재활과학회 2019 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.8 No.2

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical features, strength, function, and upper extremity musculoskeletal pain during rehabilitation of manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injuries. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The degree and frequency of upper extremity musculoskeletal pain were measured in persons with spinal cord injuries using manual wheelchairs with the use of questionnaires. The pain scores of the hand, wrist, and shoulder joints were calculated by multiplying the seriousness and frequency of pain. We collected data on the manual muscle test, Spinal Cord Independent Measure-III, and the Body Mass Index. Statistical analysis was performed by descriptive analysis and Pearson’s correlation analysis. Results: A total of 47 patients participated in this study and the neurological level of the injuries ranged from C2 to S5. Pain in the shoulder joints was the most common in persons with tetraplegia and paraplegia. Pain was experienced as mild to moderate, and occurred one or more times a week. Of the 32 persons with paraplegia, the most common area of complaint was the shoulder. Of the 15 persons with paraplegia, the shoulder joints were the most common site of pain. The independence levels of the persons with spinal cord injuries were highly correlated to muscle strength levels (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study investigated upper extremity musculoskeletal pain during rehabilitation of manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injuries and the relationship between physical features, strength, and function. In most persons with spinal cord injuries, pain and frequency of shoulder joints were high and pain levels were also related to functional levels.

Upper extremity musculoskeletal pain during rehabilitation in persons with spinal cord injuries using manual wheelchairs

Kang, Bo Ra,Cho, Dong Hee,Kim, Han Seung,Ahn, Si-Nae korean Academy of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation 2019 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.8 No.2

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical features, strength, function, and upper extremity musculoskeletal pain during rehabilitation of manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injuries. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The degree and frequency of upper extremity musculoskeletal pain were measured in persons with spinal cord injuries using manual wheelchairs with the use of questionnaires. The pain scores of the hand, wrist, and shoulder joints were calculated by multiplying the seriousness and frequency of pain. We collected data on the manual muscle test, Spinal Cord Independent Measure-III, and the Body Mass Index. Statistical analysis was performed by descriptive analysis and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: A total of 47 patients participated in this study and the neurological level of the injuries ranged from C2 to S5. Pain in the shoulder joints was the most common in persons with tetraplegia and paraplegia. Pain was experienced as mild to moderate, and occurred one or more times a week. Of the 32 persons with paraplegia, the most common area of complaint was the shoulder. Of the 15 persons with paraplegia, the shoulder joints were the most common site of pain. The independence levels of the persons with spinal cord injuries were highly correlated to muscle strength levels (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study investigated upper extremity musculoskeletal pain during rehabilitation of manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injuries and the relationship between physical features, strength, and function. In most persons with spinal cord injuries, pain and frequency of shoulder joints were high and pain levels were also related to functional levels.

A Primer on Korean Antitrust Law

( Bo Ra Kang ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2008 Korea University Law Review Vol.3 No.-

자생 및 재배 큰비쑥의 이화학적 특성 비교

강보라(Bo Ra Kang),김은희(Eun Hee Kim),김연경(Yeon Kyoung Kim),김아현(Ah Hhyun Kim),오규연(Gyu Yeon Oh),박유민(Yoo Min Park),조아현(Ah Hyeon Jo),나환식(Hwan Sik Na),신미영(Mi Yeong Shin),안양준(Yang Joon An),조정용(Jeong Yong Cho),이소 한국식품저장유통학회 2024 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.31 No.2

jtbc 드라마 <SKY 캐슬> 캐릭터 분석 -삼원론적(Tri-Origin Theory) 분석 방법을 중심으로-

강보라(Kang, Bo-ra),김기덕(Kim, Ki-duk) 건국대학교 글로컬문화전략연구소 2021 문화콘텐츠연구 Vol.- No.22

본 연구는 jtbc 드라마 <SKY 캐슬>의 주요 인물을 삼원론적 방법으로 분석한 글이다. 삼원은 변코자하는 힘의 ‘헤테로(Hetero)’, 변치 않고자 하는 힘의 ‘호모(Homo)’, 올바르게 존재케 하는 힘의 ‘뉴트로(Neutro)’를 의미한다. 여기에 올바르게 존재케 하는 뉴트로 캐릭터를 돕는 ‘존재 정신’으로서의 뉴토(Neutro) 개념이 하나 더 있다. 뉴트로가 현실 세계의 뉴트로라면, 뉴토는 존재 세계의 뉴트로라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 크게 헤테로, 호모, 뉴트로로 보아 삼원으로 표현한다. 이러한 삼원의 개념을 캐릭터 특성에 대입하여 분석한 것이 삼원론적 캐릭터 분석 방법이다. <SKY 캐슬>에 등장하는 캐릭터를 먼저 가족 단위로 분류해보면 한서진 가족, 노승혜 가족, 진진희 가족, 이명주 가족, 김주영 가족을 자녀의 입시 성공을 위해 수단과 방법을 가리지 않는 헤테로 캐릭터로 분류할 수 있다. 반면에 이수임 가족, 김혜나 가족은 이들과 반대되는 호모 캐릭터에 해당한다. 캐슬 내 가족들에게 초반에 작용하는 존재 정신으로서의 뉴토는 ‘입시 성공’이다. 이것은 자칫 맹목적 입시 경쟁이라는 ‘잘못된 뉴토’로 변질될 수도 있고, 배움과 성장이라는 ‘올바른 뉴토’로 정립될 수도 있다. 최종적으로 달성하는 인간애‧ 가족애라는 뉴트로 가치관은 캐릭터들이 올바른 뉴토의 도움을 받을 때 비로소 달성할 수 있다. 개별 가족은 그 속에서 다시 각각의 인물을 삼원으로 분류할 수 있다. 즉 수단과 방법을 가리지 않고 입시 성공을 위해 달려가는 한서진, 입시 성공을 바라지만 가족 해체를 걱정하는 노승혜, 입시 성공과 가족의 화목 사이에서 갈팡질팡하는 진진희, 수단과 방법을 가리지 않으며 입시에 성공했지만, 가족이 해체된 이명주, 배움과 성장의 가치를 알고 자녀와 함께 미래를 설계하는 이수임, 자신의 실패를 다른 어머니들에게 그대로 전파하다 몰락하는 김주영의 가족 구성원을 다시 삼원 캐릭터로 분류할 수 있다. 작품의 후반부에서 이들 모두는 핵심 사건을 겪으며 반대 캐릭터의 특성을 받아들여 자신의 캐릭터를 보완하는 ‘각성’과 ‘성숙’을 통해 뉴트로 캐릭터로 전환된다. <SKY 캐슬>은 20부작으로 구성된 방대한 분량의 드라마지만, 삼원론적 방법론을 통해 이야기의 핵심을 간결하면서도 정확하게 제시할 수 있다는 점에서 유효함을 확인할 수 있었다. This study attempted to analyze the main characters of the JTBC drama <SKY Castle> in a tri-origin method. Tri-origin means ‘Hetero’ which is the power to change, ‘Homo’ which is the power to remain unchanged, and "Neutro" which is the power to make it exist properly. And here is another concept of Neutro as “the spirit of existence” that helps the Newtro character to exist correctly. The tri-origin character analysis method is to analyze the character by substituting these tri-origin concepts into the characteristics of the character. When looking at the characters in the work as a family unit, Han Seo-jin’s family, Noh Seung-hye’s family, Jin Jin-hee’s family, Lee Myung-ju’s family, and Kim Joo-young’s family can be classified as hetero characters who adopt any way and any means available for helping their children succeed in the entrance exam. On the other hand, Lee Soo-im’s family and Kim Hye-na’s family can be seen as the Homo character that pertains to the opposite of them. Neutro, who works in the first half of the families within the Castle, feel uneasy about the success of the entrance exam. This may turn into a false neutro, called blind competition for the entrance exam, or it may be established as a correct neutro of learning and growth. The Neutro value view of humanity and family love finally achieved can only be achieved when the characters receive the right help of Neutro. Individual family members can be classified into the tri-origin characters with a focus on the mother character: Han Seo-jin devoted to success in the entrance exam regardless of the means and methods; Roh Seung-Hye, who wishes for success in the entrance exam but is worried about the dissolution of his family; Jin Jin-hee, who struggles between the success of the entrance exam and the harmony of his family; Lee Myung-joo, whose family is disintegrated though she helps her child succeed in the entrance exam by adopting every way and means available; Lee Soo-im, who knows the value of learning and growth and designs the future with his child; and Kim Joo-young, who spreads his failure to other mothers as it is, and fall. They have undergone key events and acquired the Neutro character through awakening and maturity that complement their characters with the characteristics of opposite characters. <SKY Castle> is a huge drama composed of 20 episodes, but it can be confirmed that it is valid in that it can present the core of the story concisely and accurately through a tri-origin methodology.