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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : ( Ajay S. Kalamdhad ) (검색결과 6 건)
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DECENTRALIZED COMPOSTING OF INSTITUTIONAL WASTES
( Ajay S. Kalamdhad ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2011 ISWA Vol.2011 No.0
Earlier study recommended that instead of setting up single large compost plants, it would be beneficial and more effective to set up several small composting plants. Decentralized composting at a neighborhood or community scale provides small groups to pursue it at a relatively low cost. An efficient and promising technique in decentralized composting is the rotary drum composter. Rotary drum provides agitation, aeration and mixing of the compost, to produce a consistent and uniform end product. Therefore, to understand the process (compost dynamics) and operational aspects of a rotary drum composter, a full-scale rotary drum composting plant under continuous flow developed to simulate what happens on an industrial scale. Institutional waste i.e. vegetable wastes and tree leaves were utilized as waste materials for drum composting. Composting was examined by measuring changes in temperature, moisture content and total organic content. Long term monitoring (150 days) suggest that organic wastes were composted successfully within 7 days of composting period. Continuous maintained higher temperature (60 to 70℃) at inlet and (50 to 60℃) at middle portion, resulted higher degradation possible within the drum. This could be possible when the material was retained at inlet after turning serve as an inoculum for the incoming material. Therefore, TOC was decreased during drum composting.
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( Jiwan Singh ),( Ajay S. Kalamdhad ),( Yoon-young Chang ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-
The bioavailability and speciation of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd and Cr) assist an important role in the toxicity of heavy metals in the compost applied for soil conditioning. The study was carried out on bioavailability and speciation of heavy metals in the composting of water hyacinth in rotary drum for 20 days. The exchangeable (F1), carbonate (F2), reducible (F3) and oxidizable (F4) fractions of Cu were decreased in the control and all calcium hydroxide addition compost. Reduction of F1 (88.6%), F2 (76.7%) and F3 (89.4%) fractions (percentage of total fraction) was observed in lime treatment 2. F1 and F2 fractions of Cd, Cr and Pb were reduced, and F5 fraction was increased in lime treatments as compared to the control. Present study concluded that, the optimum amount of waste lime was greatly effective of reduction of water solubility, plant availability, and most boilable fractions (exchangeable and carbonate fractions) of selected heavy metals. The effect of waste lime is highly recommended for immobilization of heavy metals for water hyacinth composting in rotary drum.
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Jiwan Singh,Ajay S. Kalamdhad,Byeong Kyu Lee 대한환경공학회 2015 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.20 No.3
Experiments were conducted on the immobilization of eight heavy metals (HMs) (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr) during 20-day rotary drum composting of water hyacinth. The Tessier sequential extraction procedure was used to investigate the fractionation of HMs. The eco-toxicity risk of HMs was assessed by risk assessment code (RAC). In the results, the bioavailability factor (BAF) for different HMs presented in the following order: Mn > Zn = Fe > Cu > Cr > Cd = Pb > Ni. The total concentration of Pb was higher than that of Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd and Cr; however, its BAF was the lowest among these HMs. These results confirmed that the eco-toxicity of HMs depends on bioavailable fractions rather than on the total concentration. The greatest reduction in bioavailability and eco-toxicity risk of HMs occurred in lime 1% and 2% as compared to control and lime 3%. The eco-toxicity risk of Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr was reduced from low risk to zero risk by rotary drum composting. These studies demonstrated the high efficiency of the rotary drum for degrading compost materials and for reducing the bioavailability and eco-toxicity risk of HMs during the composting process.
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Effect of Rotary Drum on the Speciation of Heavy Metals during Water Hyacinth Composting
Jiwan Singh,Ajay S Kalamdhad 대한환경공학회 2013 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.18 No.3
Studies were carried out on the speciation of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr) during rotary drum composting of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) for a period of 20 days. Five different proportions of cattle manure, water hyacinth and sawdust were prepared for composting. This study concluded that, rotary drum was very efficient for the degradation of organic matter as well as for the reduction of mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals during water hyacinth composting. The results from the sequential extraction procedure of heavy metals shows that rotary drum composting changed the distribution of five fractions of Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr. The highest reduction in the bioavailability factors of Pb and Cd was observed during the process. The total concentration of Cu, Cr, and Cd was very low compared to the other metals (Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Pb); however, the percentage of exchangeable and carbonate fractions of these metals was similar to other metals. These results confirmed that the bioavailability of metals does not depend on the total concentration of metals. From this study, it can be concluded that the addition of an appropriate proportion of cattle manure significantly reduced the mobile and easily available fractions (exchangeable and carbonate fractions) during water hyacinth composting in rotary drum.
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