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Nagaoka, K.,Yamaguchi, H.,Aida, H.,Yoshioka, K.,Takahashi, M.,Christenson, R.K.,Imakawa, K.,Sakai, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.6
As high as 50% of pregnancies are known to fail and the majority of such losses occur during the peri-implantation period. For the establishment of pregnancy in mammalian species, therefore, implantation of the conceptus to the maternal endometrium must be completed successfully. Physiological events associated with implantation differ among mammals. In ruminant ungulates, an elongation of the trophohlast in early conceptus development is required before the attachment of the conceptus to the uterine endometrium. Moreover, implantation sites are restricted to each uterine caruncula where tissue remodeling, feto-maternal cell fusion and placentation take place in a coordinated manner. These unique events occur under strict conditions and are regulated by numerous factors from the uterine endometrium and trophoblast in a spatial manner. Interferon-tau (IFN-${\tau}$), a conceptus-derived anti-Iuteolytic factor, which rescues corpus luteum from its regression in ruminants, is particularly apt to play an important role as a local regulator in coordination with other factors, such as TGF-${\beta}$, Cox-2 and MMPs at the attachment and placentation sites.
Gain monitoring of telescope array photomultiplier cameras for the first 4 years of operation
Shin, B.K.,Tokuno, H.,Tsunesada, Y.,Abu-Zayyad, T.,Aida, R.,Allen, M.,Anderson, R.,Azuma, R.,Barcikowski, E.,Belz, J.W.,Bergman, D.R.,Blake, S.A.,Cady, R.,Cheon, B.G.,Chiba, J.,Chikawa, M.,Cho, E.J.,C North-Holland 2014 Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Vol.768 No.-
The stability of the gain of the photomultiplier (PMT) camera for the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Telescope Array experiment was monitored using an <SUP>241</SUP>Am loaded scintillator pulsers (YAP) and a diffused xenon flasher (TXF) for a selected set of 35 PMT-readout channels. From the monitoring of YAP pulses over four years of FD operation, we found slow monotonic drifts of PMT gains at a rate of -1.7~+1.7%/year. An average of the PMT gains over the 35 channels stayed nearly constant with a rate of change measured at -0.01+/-0.31(stat)+/-0.21(sys)%/year. No systematic decrease of the PMT gain caused by the night sky background was observed. Monitoring by the TXF also tracked the PMT gain drift of the YAP at 0.88+/-0.14(stat)%/year.
Abu-Zayyad, T.,Aida, R.,Allen, M.,Anderson, R.,Azuma, R.,Barcikowski, E.,Belz, J.W.,Bergman, D.R.,Blake, S.A.,Cady, R.,Cheon, B.G.,Chiba, J.,Chikawa, M.,Cho, E.J.,Cho, W.R.,Fujii, H.,Fujii, T.,Fukuda, Elsevier 2015 Astroparticle physics Vol.61 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We measure the spectrum of cosmic rays with energies greater than <SUP> 10 18.2 </SUP> eV with the fluorescence detectors (FDs) and the surface detectors (SDs) of the Telescope Array Experiment using the data taken in our first 2.3-year observation from May 27, 2008 to September 7, 2010. A hybrid air shower reconstruction technique is employed to improve accuracies in determination of arrival directions and primary energies of cosmic rays using both FD and SD data. The energy spectrum presented here is in agreement with our previously published spectra and the HiRes results.</P>
SEARCH FOR ANISOTROPY OF ULTRAHIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS WITH THE TELESCOPE ARRAY EXPERIMENT
Abu-Zayyad, T.,Aida, R.,Allen, M.,Anderson, R.,Azuma, R.,Barcikowski, E.,Belz, J. W.,Bergman, D. R.,Blake, S. A.,Cady, R.,Cheon, B. G.,Chiba, J.,Chikawa, M.,Cho, E. J.,Cho, W. R.,Fujii, H.,Fujii, T.,F IOP Publishing 2012 The Astrophysical journal Vol.757 No.1
<P>We study the anisotropy of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) events collected by the Telescope Array (TA) detector in the first 40 months of operation. Following earlier studies, we examine event sets with energy thresholds of 10 EeV, 40 EeV, and 57 EeV. We find that the distributions of the events in right ascension and declination are compatible with an isotropic distribution in all three sets. We then compare with previously reported clustering of the UHECR events at small angular scales. No significant clustering is found in the TA data. We then check the events with E > 57 EeV for correlations with nearby active galactic nuclei. No significant correlation is found. Finally, we examine all three sets for correlations with the large-scale structure (LSS) of the universe. We find that the two higher-energy sets are compatible with both an isotropic distribution and the hypothesis that UHECR sources follow the matter distribution of the universe (the LSS hypothesis), while the event set with E > 10 EeV is compatible with isotropy and is not compatible with the LSS hypothesis at 95% CL unless large deflection angles are also assumed. We show that accounting for UHECR deflections in a realistic model of the Galactic magnetic field can make this set compatible with the LSS hypothesis.</P>
Abu-Zayyad, T.,Aida, R.,Allen, M.,Anderson, R.,Azuma, R.,Barcikowski, E.,Belz, J. W.,Bergman, D. R.,Blake, S. A.,Cady, R.,Cheon, B. G.,Chiba, J.,Chikawa, M.,Cho, E. J.,Cho, W. R.,Fujii, H.,Fujii, T.,F IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal Vol.777 No.2
<P>We search for correlations between the positions of extragalactic objects and the arrival directions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with primary energy E >= 40 EeV as observed by the surface detector array of the Telescope Array (TA) experiment during the first 40 months of operation. We examine several public astronomical object catalogs, including the Veron-Cetty and Veron catalog of active galactic nuclei. We count the number of TA events correlated with objects in each catalog as a function of three parameters: the maximum angular separation between a TA event and an object, the minimum energy of the events, and the maximum redshift of the objects. We determine the combination of these parameters that maximizes the correlations, and we calculate the probability of having the same levels of correlations from an isotropic distribution of UHECR arrival directions. No statistically significant correlations are found when penalties for scanning over the above parameters and for searching in several catalogs are taken into account.</P>
Abu-Zayyad, T.,Aida, R.,Allen, M.,Anderson, R.,Azuma, R.,Barcikowski, E.,Belz, J.W.,Bergman, D.R.,Blake, S.A.,Cady, R.,Cheon, B.G.,Chiba, J.,Chikawa, M.,Cho, E.J.,Cho, W.R.,Fujii, H.,Fujii, T.,Fukuda, North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2012 Astroparticle physics Vol.39 No.-
The Telescope Array's Middle Drum fluorescence detector was instrumented with telescopes refurbished from the High Resolution Fly's Eye's HiRes-1 site. The data observed by Middle Drum in monocular mode was analyzed via the HiRes-1 profile-constrained geometry reconstruction technique and utilized the same calibration techniques enabling a direct comparison of the energy spectra and energy scales between the two experiments. The spectrum measured using the Middle Drum telescopes is based on a three-year exposure collected between December 16, 2007 and December 16, 2010. The calculated difference between the spectrum of the Middle Drum observations and the published spectrum obtained by the data collected by the HiRes-1 site allows the HiRes-1 energy scale to be transferred to Middle Drum. The HiRes energy scale is applied to the entire Telescope Array by making a comparison between Middle Drum monocular events and hybrid events that triggered both Middle Drum and the Telescope Array's scintillator ground array.
THE COSMIC-RAY ENERGY SPECTRUM OBSERVED WITH THE SURFACE DETECTOR OF THE TELESCOPE ARRAY EXPERIMENT
Abu-Zayyad, T.,Aida, R.,Allen, M.,Anderson, R.,Azuma, R.,Barcikowski, E.,Belz, J. W.,Bergman, D. R.,Blake, S. A.,Cady, R.,Cheon, B. G.,Chiba, J.,Chikawa, M.,Cho, E. J.,Cho, W. R.,Fujii, H.,Fujii, T.,F IOP Publishing 2013 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.768 No.1