The Association Between Long Working Hours and Infertility

Ahn Joonho,Lee Sang Ha,Park Min Young,Oh Soo Hyun,Lee Wanhyung 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2021 Safety and health at work Vol.12 No.4

Background: This study aimed to investigate whether working long hours was related to infertility among female Korean workers, while taking age into consideration. Methods: We used data from the 2018 National Survey on Fertility and Family Health and Welfare in Korea that is a cross-sectional, nationally representative, and population-based survey. Infertility was defined as women who were not pregnant after regular unprotected intercourse for a year. Working long hours was classified as ≥52 hours, and subgroups as per age were classified on the basis of being younger or older than 40 years of age. Differences in infertility risk between the long working hour group and none were estimated in crude and fully adjusted logistic regression models with age-group stratification. Results: Of 5,909 Korean female workers, the crude and adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of infertility for working long hours were 1.295 (0.948-1.737) and 1.303 (0.921-1.809), respectively. In the subgroup of patients below 40 years of age, the crude and adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.957 (1.216-3.039) and 1.921 (1.144-3.120), whereas those aged 40 years or older had 0.994 (0.647-1.471) and 0.939 (0.560-1.501), respectively. The weighted prevalence of infertility increased as weekly working hours increased only for the younger than 40-year subgroup. Conclusions: Infertility is associated with working long hours, especially in young-aged workers. Thus, the working schedule must be structured to better suit young female workers.

Korean Dictionaries and Some Model Dictionaries of the World : Critical Essays toward the Plan for a New Korean Dictionary

Lee, Sang Sup,Nam, Ki Shim,Ahn, Sam Huan,Choi, Young Ai,Hong, Chai Song 연세대학교 언어정보개발원 1988 사전편찬학 연구 Vol.1 No.1

After briefly reviewing the history of lexcoigraphy in modem Korea, Nam Kishim tackles many problems created by the general deficiency of current Korean monolingual dictionaries in phonological morphological and semantic points. For example, most Korean dictionaries do not treat such phonological changes as the shortening of the stem vowel ㅓ in 더운, the prenominal form of the adjective 덥다, whose stem vowel ㅓ is pronounced long. He also takes issue with the practice of Korean dictionaries of including all kinds of proper names on little reliable principles : a typical dictionary enters a 600m-high hill while excluding better-known mountains higher than that. Hong Chai-song concentrates on the often misguiding information on transitive / intransitive verbs in current dictionaries. For example, a representative dictionary designates the verb 뛰다 simply as intransitive. But it is quite often used as an transitive also. In the sentence, 철수는 운동장을 뛰었다, 운동장 is the object of the transitive verb 뛰다. How could the compilers miss such an obvious fact? Hong suggests that they may have not been interested in being grammatically informative. A historical survey of the Oxford English Dictionary(OED) is given by Lee Sang-sup, with special emphasis on the vast amount of quotations from real sources contributed by thousands of volunteer readers through several decades and on its unwavering historical principle. A comparison between the OED's definition of Kimchi and a Korean dictionary's 김치 is given, showing the difference of principle in treating the same lexical item. Ahn Sam-huan presents a detailed account of Grimm's Deutsches Wo¨rterbuch which took generations of German lexicographers 133 years from its inception to its completion in 1971. On the basis of his study, Ahn suggests that future dictionary makers should cooperate as a group on a long-range comprehensive project. A moltivolume dictionary is an all-important cultural event for the whole nation, not to be influenced by private commercial interests. Choi Young-ai's survey of Chinese lexicography highlights the now on-going publication of 漢語字典 and 漢語詞典, admirable results of the cooperative effort of hundreds of Chinese scholars, a modus operandi for the Yonsei University graze to adopt in planning a new dictionary of the Korean language.

Development of polypropylene-clay nanocomposite with supercritical $CO_2$ assisted twin screw extrusion

Hwang, Tae-Yong,Lee, Sang-Myung,Ahn, Young-Joon,Lee, Jae-Wook The Korean Society of Rheology 2008 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.20 No.4

The aim of this study is to explore the possibility of incorporating supercritical carbon dioxide ($scCO_2$) into twin screw extrusion process for the production of polypropylene-clay nanocomposite (PPCN). The $CO_2$ is used as a reversible plasticizer which is expected to rapidly transport polymeric chains into the galleries of clay layers in its supercritical condition inside the extruder barrel and to expand the gallery spacings in its sub-critical state upon emerging from die. The structure and properties of the resulting PPCNs are characterized using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), rheometry, thermogravimetry and mechanical testing. In the processing of the PPCNs with $scCO_2$, optimum $scCO_2$ concentration and screw speed which maximized the degree of intercalation of clay layers were observed. The WAXD result reveals that the PP/PP-g-MA/clay system treated with $scCO_2$ has more exfoliated structure than that without $scCO_2$ treatment, which is supported by TEM result. $scCO_2$ processing enhanced the thermal stability of PPCN hybrids. From the measurement of linear viscoelastic property, a solid-like behavior at low frequency was observed for the PPCNs with high concentration of PP-g-MA. The use of $scCO_2$ generally increased Young's modulus and tensile strength of PPCN hybrids.

요통(腰痛) 환자에 대한 침치료(針治療)와 직접구(直接灸) 병행치료(竝行治療)에 대한 비교(比較) 연구(硏究)

위종성,원승환,황정수,선승호,안영민,손승현,박기철,박희수,We, Jong-sung,Won, Seung-hwan,Hwang, Jung-soo,Sun, Seung-ho,Ahn, Young-min,Sohn, Seung-hyun,Park, Ki-chul,Park, Hee-soo 대한침구의학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.6

Objective : The purpose of this report is to examine the effects of direct moxibustion in the Low back pain patient. Methods : Clinical studies were done 30 patients who were treated with low back pain to Dept. of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, of Oriental Medical Sang-Ji University from September 1, 2003 to August 31, 2004. We treated them by Oriental medical therapy(including direct moxibustion)for 10 days. The evaluation was performed five times(admission day, before and after each twice). Results : 1. VAS was decreased after direct moxibustion for 10 days significantly(p<0.01). 2. After direct moxibustion, S.L.R. T angle of patients were increased. ConclUsions : We brought to the conclusion that direct moxibustion has possibility to the efficient to cure the Low back pain. So we suggest the possibility to use this treatment for Low back pain.

야생식물 중독의 임상 양상

옥택근,박찬우,조준휘,천승환,이승용,김성은,최기훈,배지훈,서정열,안희철,안무업,조병렬,김용훈,Ok, Taek-Gun,Park,, Chan-Woo,Cho, Jun-Hwi,Cheon, Seung-Whan,Lee, Seung-Young,Kim,, Sung-Eun,Choi, Ki-Hoon,Bae, Ji-Hoon,Seo, Jeong-Yeul,Ahn, Hee-Cheo 대한임상독성학회 2005 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Purpose: With the recent boom in 'eating healthy', many adults are interested in dieting to prevent future diseases. However only well trained experts can distinguish between what are edible vegetables and herbs from their poisonous look-alikes. In cases where a patient unknowingly ingests a poisonous herb, is caught off guard by the poisonous side effects that occur because of their lack of knowledge of what they have ingested. This paper will focus on the need to educate the public about the risks involved with ingesting wild vegetables and herbs and study the emergency diagnosis and treatment of poisoned patients that enter the emergency room. Method: This study was done in the spring of 2004 (from March to May) in the Kangwon Young-Seo districts of Korea. 15 subjects used in this study, entered the emergency room showing signs of toxic symptoms. Data was collected by examining subject's records. Additional data was collected by collaborating with physicians in the hospital that diagnosed and treated the subjects. Identifying the poisonous vegetable or herb is the first step to proper diagnosis and treatment. Subjects admitted to the emergency room, underwent a battery of tests: laboratory examination, ECG, radiological exam and etc. Results: The demographics of the study encompassed subjects with the average age of $50{\pm}19$ years old. There were 10 men and 5 women. Common symptoms of this study included; gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain and so on. In the case of Caltha palustris ingestion, additional symptoms were present; bradycardia and hypotension which lasted for a long time. While cases that ingested Scopolia parviflora had little effect on vital signs but manic episodes lasted for about three days. Veratrum patulum ingestion showed signs of bradycardia and hypotension but contrary to Caltha palustris recovery was shorten by treating with dopamine. However, dizziness, headache and paresthesia of the extremities continued for a long time. Finally Sium ninsi ingestion showed visual disturbance, paresthesia of the extremities, dizziness as their initial symptoms. Conclusion: The risks involved with ingesting wild plants without the proper knowledge can lead to serious side effects and steps need to be taken to educate the public. In addition, all emergency physicians need to have a working knowledge of the symptoms and signs associated with ingesting toxic wild plants and need to treat accordingly.

서애(西厓) 유성룡(柳成龍)의 양명학관(陽明學觀)에 대(對)한 재검토(再檢討)

安泳翔 ( Ahn Young-sang ) 한국유교학회 2009 유교사상문화연구 Vol.38 No.-

Although Yoo Seong-young had criticized Yangming learning, he had been criticized by his colleague for falling in Yangming learning. Therefore, there is ambivalent evolution about Yoo Seong-young's thought among the comtemporary scholars, who especially does not point out to concrete and direct evidence about inclination of Yaming lerning within Yoo Seong-young's works. Yi Yoo-jang who had reviewed Yoo Seong-young's works in order to helf to arrange Yoo Seong-young's chronicle, however, he had found out and criticized element of the theory of self observation on mind(Kwansimseol 觀心說) of Buddhism. Although Zhuxi criticized Kwansimseol to consider object world as part of mind for firming investigation theory(Kyugmulchigi 格物致知), Wang Yang-ming criticizing investigation theory thought object world or event as mind including inner will as if Kwansimseol of Buddhism. As result, through construing Yi Yoo-jang's argument for Yoo Seong-young's works, it is told that Yoo-Seong-young's thought had a orientation of Yaming learning even though it was the extent of limitation.

Development and evaluation of an oral liposomal vaccine for the prevention of Edwardsiellosis in Anguilla japonica caused by Edwardsiella piscicida

Young Min Woo,Keun Woo Lee,Byung-Chul Jeong,Jae Young Cha,Won-Sik Woo,Chan-Il Park,Young Jae Kim,Dong-Geun Lee,Sang-Hyeon Lee,Jun Cheul Ahn,Andre Kim 한국수산과학회 2025 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.28 No.5

Edwardsiellosis, caused by Edwardsiella piscicida infection in eels (Anguilla japonica ), is a major problem for Korean eel farms, so there is an urgent need to develop a vaccine. For both practical and cost reasons, it is preferable to develop an oral vaccine, administration of which is significantly more efficient than injection vaccines. To avoid destruction by gastric enzymes and ensure safe delivery to the intestines, it is essential to apply a coating technology to oral vaccine antigens. To develop an oral vaccine against Edwardsiellosis, liposomes were used as an antigen coating, and the efficacy was evaluated by comparing eels’ mortality rates following oral or injection vaccination and expeirmental infection with E. piscicida . Eels that received the highest concentration oral vaccines (20 mg/fish dosage) experienced only a 6% mortality rate; those that got intraperitoneal injection vaccines had 10% mortality. In addition, the control group mortality rate (46%) was 4.18 times higher than that of the most successful oral vaccine group, confirming the efficacy of the oral vaccine. Antibody agglutination in serum extracted after oral vaccine administration confirmed the efficacy of the oral vaccine: eels that received intraperitoneal (I.P.) injection vaccines had the highest antibody agglutinationvalues (28.25 ± 0.43), but the 20 mg/fish oral vaccine group also showed high antibody agglutination (25.125 ± 1.05). These results conclusively demonstrate that the oral vaccine containing liposome-coated inactivated E. piscicida can generate an immune response sufficient to prevent Edwardsiellosis in eels.

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Women Living with HIV in Korea

Ahn Sang Min,Lee Yong Seop,Han Min,Lee Jung Ah,Seong Jae Eun,Baek Yae Jee,Hyun JongHoon,Kim Jung Ho,Ahn Jin Young,Oh Dong Hyun,Jeong Su Jin,Baek Ji Hyeon,Ku Nam Su,Choi Hee Kyoung,Park Yoonseon,Chin B 대한감염학회 2024 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.56 No.3

Background While Korea maintains a low prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the number of newly diagnosed cases has been steadily rising, reaching approximately 1,000 annually in recent years. The 2022 annual report from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency revealed that women living with HIV (WLWH) constitute 6.4% of the total confirmed people living with the HIV population, totaling 1,219 individuals. Despite this, only a few studies have focused on WLWH in Korea. This study aims to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of WLWH in Korea. Materials and Methods We retrospectively collected data by reviewing the medical records of all WLWH who visited 10 urban referral hospitals across Korea between January 2005 and May 2023. Results A total of 443 WLWH were enrolled in this study. The predominant risk exposure was heterosexual contact, with 235 (53%) participants either married or cohabiting with a male partner at their initial clinic visit. Among the participants, 334 (77.7%) were Korean, 27 (6.1%) were Southeast Asian, and 19 (4.3%) were African. Antiretroviral therapy was initiated by 404 WLWH (91.2%). We observed 118 pregnancies in WLWH following their HIV diagnosis, resulting in 78 live births (66.1%), 18 induced abortions (15.2%), 10 pre-viable fetal losses (8.5%), and four stillbirths (3.4%). Over a cumulative follow-up duration of 3,202.1 years, the incidence rates of breast and cervical cancers were both 2.18 per 1,000 person-years. Additionally, the incidence rates of pelvic inflammatory disease, cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (above grade II), and osteoporosis were 4.67, 11.21, and 13.39 per 1,000 patient-years, respectively. Conclusion This is the first multicenter study to investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of WLWH in Korea. The incidence and prevalence of diseases in women, including breast cancer, cervical cancer, and chronic comorbidities, are high in WLWH in Korea; therefore, further research and efforts are needed to manage these diseases.

The Studies on the Influence of Antioxidants on the Toxicity of Polychlorinated Biphenyls(PCBs)(Ⅰ)

Ahn, Young-keun,Kim, Sung-oh,Ock, Eun-seong 원광대학교 식품약품안전성연구소 1993 食品藥品安全性硏究 Vol.6 No.-

PCB의 毒性에 대한 抗酸化劑의 영향을 mice와 rats를 各各 7群으로 나누어 PCB 100ppm, 500ppm과 抗酸化劑로 vitamin C 500 ppm과 vitamin E 150ppm을 各各 투여 12週間 사육한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 투여한 PCB는 rat의 體重增加를 감소시키고 mice와 rats에서 liver weight/body weight 比를 증가시켰으나 mice에서는 體重增加의 감소보다 오히려 약간의 증가를 보였다. 2) PCB를 투여한 rats의 肝臟의 組織學的 所見으로 clear cytoplase, vacualation of hepatocytes, slight sinusoidal congestion, increased numbers of Kupffer cells, hydrophic degeneration이 보였으나 核의 變化는 없었다. PCB를 투여한 rats의 腎臟의 組織學的 所見으로는 약간의 renal papillary degeneration과 congestion이 보였다. 3) 抗酸化劑로 투여한 vitamin C는 mice와 rats에서 PCB의 毒性에 아무 영향을 주지 못했다. 4) 抗酸化劑로 투여한 vitamin E는 rats에서 PCB의 毒性인 體重增加의 감소, liver weight/body weight 比의 증가와 肝臟, 腎臟의 組織學的 變化를 감소시켰다. The effects of antioxidants on the toxicity of PCBs were studied in 7 groups of mice and 7 groups of rats fed commercial stock diet added with PCBs and antioxidants, vitamin C and vitamin E for 12 weeks. The obtained results are as follows; 1) PCBs decreased the body weight gain in rats and increased the liver weight/body weight ratio in mice and rats, but did not decrease the body weight gain, rather increased very slightly in mice. 2) The liver of PCBs-doesed rats showed clear cytoplasm, vacuolation of hepatocytes, slight sinusoidal congestion, encreased numbers of Kupffer cell, hydrophic degeneration but dit not show the nuclear changes. The kidney of PCBs-dosed rats showed some renal papillary degeneration and congestion. 3) Antioxidant, vitamin C did nor have an influence on the toxicity of PCBs in mice and rats. 4) Antioxidant, vitamin E decreased the toxicity of PCBs, reduction of body weight gain and increase of liver weight/body weight ratio and morphological alterations of liver and kidney of rats.

The Inhibitory Effect of Angelica tenuissima Water Extract on Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa-B Ligand-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Resorbing Activity of Mature Osteoclasts.

Ahn, Sung-Jun,Baek, Jong Min,Cheon, Yoon-Hee,Park, Sun-Hyang,Lee, Myeung Su,Oh, Jaemin,Kim, Ju-Young Institute for Advanced Research in Asian Science a 2015 The American journal of Chinese medicine Vol.43 No.4

<P>Angelica tenuissima has been traditionally used in oriental medicine for its therapeutic effects in headache, toothache, and flu symptoms. It also exerts anti-inflammatory activity via the inhibition of the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). However, the effect of Angelica tenuissima on osteoclast differentiation has not been identified until recently. In this study, we first confirmed that Angelica tenuissima water extract (ATWE) significantly interrupted the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells (MNCs) in a dose-dependent manner without any cytotoxicity. Next, we clarified the underlying mechanisms linking the suppression effects of ATWE on the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. At the molecular level, ATWE induced the dephosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Akt and decreased the degradation of IκB in RANKL-dependent early signaling pathways. Subsequently, ATWE caused impaired activation of the protein and mRNA levels of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cell c1 (NFATc1). Moreover, the disassembly of filamentous actin (F-actin) ring and anti-resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts were triggered by ATWE treatment. Although ATWE did not enhance osteogenesis in primary osteoblasts, our results showed that ATWE is a potential candidate for anti-resorptive agent in osteoporosis, a common metabolic bone disorder.</P>