The Association Between Long Working Hours and Infertility

Ahn Joonho,Lee Sang Ha,Park Min Young,Oh Soo Hyun,Lee Wanhyung 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2021 Safety and health at work Vol.12 No.4

Background: This study aimed to investigate whether working long hours was related to infertility among female Korean workers, while taking age into consideration. Methods: We used data from the 2018 National Survey on Fertility and Family Health and Welfare in Korea that is a cross-sectional, nationally representative, and population-based survey. Infertility was defined as women who were not pregnant after regular unprotected intercourse for a year. Working long hours was classified as ≥52 hours, and subgroups as per age were classified on the basis of being younger or older than 40 years of age. Differences in infertility risk between the long working hour group and none were estimated in crude and fully adjusted logistic regression models with age-group stratification. Results: Of 5,909 Korean female workers, the crude and adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of infertility for working long hours were 1.295 (0.948-1.737) and 1.303 (0.921-1.809), respectively. In the subgroup of patients below 40 years of age, the crude and adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.957 (1.216-3.039) and 1.921 (1.144-3.120), whereas those aged 40 years or older had 0.994 (0.647-1.471) and 0.939 (0.560-1.501), respectively. The weighted prevalence of infertility increased as weekly working hours increased only for the younger than 40-year subgroup. Conclusions: Infertility is associated with working long hours, especially in young-aged workers. Thus, the working schedule must be structured to better suit young female workers.

한국사상(철학) : 조선후기 사상사에 나타난 절대자와 개인의 관계 양상의 일단면 - 동학의 성리학적 근거를 중심으로 -

안영상 ( Young Sang Ahn ) 한국사상문화학회 2006 韓國思想과 文化 Vol.33 No.-

이 글은 동학의 창시자 최제우의 사상을 가능하게 했던 여러 요소 중에 성리학적 근거를 탐색하는 것이다. 최제우는 무위이화(無爲而化)라는 논리를 통해 상제라는 초월적 인격신이 개인에게 내려오는 하향적 방향과 수심정기(守心正氣)라는 논리를 통해 개인이 그 절대자에 다가가는 상향적 방향을 제시하였다. 그리고 여기에 영약(靈藥)이라는 도교적 요소를 개입시켰다. 논자는 상제와 영약의 기본 모티브에는 경주지역에 활동하면서 전통적 정서를 보였던 성리학자 남용만의 영향이 있었음을 논증하였다. 그리고 무위이화는 퇴계-이상정-최옥(최제우의 아버지)을 거치면서 최제우에게 계승되었다고 보았다. 그리고 수심정기는 율곡-이간-송치규-홍직필-최림(최제우 의 스승)을 거쳐 최제우에게 계승되었다고 보았다. 결국 최제우 이전 경주지역에는 전통정서를 대변하는 남용만, 퇴계학파의 전통을 계승해 온 최옥, 율곡학파의 전통을 계승해 온 최림이 있었고, 최제우는 이들 논리를 통합하여 조선후기 사상사에서 절대자와 개인의 관계를 새롭게 구성한 것이었다. The present study explored the Neo-Confucian ground, one of several factors that influenced the philosophy of Choi Je-woo, the founder of Donghak. Choi Je-woo(崔濟愚) suggested a downward direction for a transcendental god with personality called Sangje(上帝: the Lord of Heaven) to come down to individuals through the logic of Muwiyihwa (無爲而化; the change of non-doing) and a upward direction for individuals to approach the Absolute through the logic of Susimjeonggi(守心正氣 keeping mind and straightening vital energy). In addition, he introduced the Taoistic element called Yeongyak (靈藥: miraculous medicine). The researcher demonstrated that the basic motive of Sangje and Yeongyak was the influence of Nam Yong-man(南龍萬), a Neo-Confucian who acted based on the Gyeongju area and showed the traditional sentiment. In addition, this study viewed that Muwiyihwa was handed down to Choi Je-woo through Toigye Lee Hwang(退溪 李滉)-Lee Sang-jeong(李象靖)-Choi Ok (崔옥(沃+玉): Choi Je-woo`s father), and Susimjeonggi through Yulgok Lee Yi(栗谷 李珥)-Lee Gan(李柬)-Song Chi-gyu(宋時烈)-Hong Jik-pil(洪直弼)-Choi Rim(崔林; Choi Je-woo`s teacher). After all, before Choi Je-woo, there were Nam Yong-man who represented the traditional sentiment, Choi Ok who succeeded to the tradition of Toigye`s school, and Choi Rim who succeeded to the tradition of Yulgok`s school in the Gyeongju area, and Choi Je-woo integrated these logics and redefined the relation between the Absolute and individuals in the history of philosophy in the late Chosun Dynasty.

Korean Dictionaries and Some Model Dictionaries of the World : Critical Essays toward the Plan for a New Korean Dictionary

Lee, Sang Sup,Nam, Ki Shim,Ahn, Sam Huan,Choi, Young Ai,Hong, Chai Song 연세대학교 언어정보개발원 1988 사전편찬학 연구 Vol.1 No.1

After briefly reviewing the history of lexcoigraphy in modem Korea, Nam Kishim tackles many problems created by the general deficiency of current Korean monolingual dictionaries in phonological morphological and semantic points. For example, most Korean dictionaries do not treat such phonological changes as the shortening of the stem vowel ㅓ in 더운, the prenominal form of the adjective 덥다, whose stem vowel ㅓ is pronounced long. He also takes issue with the practice of Korean dictionaries of including all kinds of proper names on little reliable principles : a typical dictionary enters a 600m-high hill while excluding better-known mountains higher than that. Hong Chai-song concentrates on the often misguiding information on transitive / intransitive verbs in current dictionaries. For example, a representative dictionary designates the verb 뛰다 simply as intransitive. But it is quite often used as an transitive also. In the sentence, 철수는 운동장을 뛰었다, 운동장 is the object of the transitive verb 뛰다. How could the compilers miss such an obvious fact? Hong suggests that they may have not been interested in being grammatically informative. A historical survey of the Oxford English Dictionary(OED) is given by Lee Sang-sup, with special emphasis on the vast amount of quotations from real sources contributed by thousands of volunteer readers through several decades and on its unwavering historical principle. A comparison between the OED's definition of Kimchi and a Korean dictionary's 김치 is given, showing the difference of principle in treating the same lexical item. Ahn Sam-huan presents a detailed account of Grimm's Deutsches Wo¨rterbuch which took generations of German lexicographers 133 years from its inception to its completion in 1971. On the basis of his study, Ahn suggests that future dictionary makers should cooperate as a group on a long-range comprehensive project. A moltivolume dictionary is an all-important cultural event for the whole nation, not to be influenced by private commercial interests. Choi Young-ai's survey of Chinese lexicography highlights the now on-going publication of 漢語字典 and 漢語詞典, admirable results of the cooperative effort of hundreds of Chinese scholars, a modus operandi for the Yonsei University graze to adopt in planning a new dictionary of the Korean language.

Development of polypropylene-clay nanocomposite with supercritical $CO_2$ assisted twin screw extrusion

Hwang, Tae-Yong,Lee, Sang-Myung,Ahn, Young-Joon,Lee, Jae-Wook The Korean Society of Rheology 2008 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.20 No.4

The aim of this study is to explore the possibility of incorporating supercritical carbon dioxide ($scCO_2$) into twin screw extrusion process for the production of polypropylene-clay nanocomposite (PPCN). The $CO_2$ is used as a reversible plasticizer which is expected to rapidly transport polymeric chains into the galleries of clay layers in its supercritical condition inside the extruder barrel and to expand the gallery spacings in its sub-critical state upon emerging from die. The structure and properties of the resulting PPCNs are characterized using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), rheometry, thermogravimetry and mechanical testing. In the processing of the PPCNs with $scCO_2$, optimum $scCO_2$ concentration and screw speed which maximized the degree of intercalation of clay layers were observed. The WAXD result reveals that the PP/PP-g-MA/clay system treated with $scCO_2$ has more exfoliated structure than that without $scCO_2$ treatment, which is supported by TEM result. $scCO_2$ processing enhanced the thermal stability of PPCN hybrids. From the measurement of linear viscoelastic property, a solid-like behavior at low frequency was observed for the PPCNs with high concentration of PP-g-MA. The use of $scCO_2$ generally increased Young's modulus and tensile strength of PPCN hybrids.

요통(腰痛) 환자에 대한 침치료(針治療)와 직접구(直接灸) 병행치료(竝行治療)에 대한 비교(比較) 연구(硏究)

위종성,원승환,황정수,선승호,안영민,손승현,박기철,박희수,We, Jong-sung,Won, Seung-hwan,Hwang, Jung-soo,Sun, Seung-ho,Ahn, Young-min,Sohn, Seung-hyun,Park, Ki-chul,Park, Hee-soo 대한침구의학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.6

Objective : The purpose of this report is to examine the effects of direct moxibustion in the Low back pain patient. Methods : Clinical studies were done 30 patients who were treated with low back pain to Dept. of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, of Oriental Medical Sang-Ji University from September 1, 2003 to August 31, 2004. We treated them by Oriental medical therapy(including direct moxibustion)for 10 days. The evaluation was performed five times(admission day, before and after each twice). Results : 1. VAS was decreased after direct moxibustion for 10 days significantly(p<0.01). 2. After direct moxibustion, S.L.R. T angle of patients were increased. ConclUsions : We brought to the conclusion that direct moxibustion has possibility to the efficient to cure the Low back pain. So we suggest the possibility to use this treatment for Low back pain.

야생식물 중독의 임상 양상

옥택근,박찬우,조준휘,천승환,이승용,김성은,최기훈,배지훈,서정열,안희철,안무업,조병렬,김용훈,Ok, Taek-Gun,Park,, Chan-Woo,Cho, Jun-Hwi,Cheon, Seung-Whan,Lee, Seung-Young,Kim,, Sung-Eun,Choi, Ki-Hoon,Bae, Ji-Hoon,Seo, Jeong-Yeul,Ahn, Hee-Cheo 대한임상독성학회 2005 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Purpose: With the recent boom in 'eating healthy', many adults are interested in dieting to prevent future diseases. However only well trained experts can distinguish between what are edible vegetables and herbs from their poisonous look-alikes. In cases where a patient unknowingly ingests a poisonous herb, is caught off guard by the poisonous side effects that occur because of their lack of knowledge of what they have ingested. This paper will focus on the need to educate the public about the risks involved with ingesting wild vegetables and herbs and study the emergency diagnosis and treatment of poisoned patients that enter the emergency room. Method: This study was done in the spring of 2004 (from March to May) in the Kangwon Young-Seo districts of Korea. 15 subjects used in this study, entered the emergency room showing signs of toxic symptoms. Data was collected by examining subject's records. Additional data was collected by collaborating with physicians in the hospital that diagnosed and treated the subjects. Identifying the poisonous vegetable or herb is the first step to proper diagnosis and treatment. Subjects admitted to the emergency room, underwent a battery of tests: laboratory examination, ECG, radiological exam and etc. Results: The demographics of the study encompassed subjects with the average age of $50{\pm}19$ years old. There were 10 men and 5 women. Common symptoms of this study included; gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain and so on. In the case of Caltha palustris ingestion, additional symptoms were present; bradycardia and hypotension which lasted for a long time. While cases that ingested Scopolia parviflora had little effect on vital signs but manic episodes lasted for about three days. Veratrum patulum ingestion showed signs of bradycardia and hypotension but contrary to Caltha palustris recovery was shorten by treating with dopamine. However, dizziness, headache and paresthesia of the extremities continued for a long time. Finally Sium ninsi ingestion showed visual disturbance, paresthesia of the extremities, dizziness as their initial symptoms. Conclusion: The risks involved with ingesting wild plants without the proper knowledge can lead to serious side effects and steps need to be taken to educate the public. In addition, all emergency physicians need to have a working knowledge of the symptoms and signs associated with ingesting toxic wild plants and need to treat accordingly.

서애(西厓) 유성룡(柳成龍)의 양명학관(陽明學觀)에 대(對)한 재검토(再檢討)

安泳翔 ( Ahn Young-sang ) 한국유교학회 2009 유교사상문화연구 Vol.38 No.-

서애 유성룡은 양명학을 비판하기도 했고, 동료들에게 양명학적인 경향이 있다고 비판받기도 하였다. 그럼으로 해서 현대 연구자들도 이렇게 양면적으로 평가하는 것들이 있다. 그럼에도 어떤 것이 양명학적 요소인가를 구체적으로 논의하지는 못하였다. 그런데 이유장은 유성룡의 연보를 간행하기 위해 유성룡의 글을 검토하는 가운데 거기에 불교의 관심설적 논리가 있고 또 양명학적 요소가 있다고 지적하였다. 논자는 주자의 관심설과 양명학과의 관계를 먼저 살펴보고, 이것을 바탕으로 유성룡의 어떤 글이 관심설적인가를 탐구해 보고, 또 그것이 양명학과 관련이 있다는 것을 밝혀 보았다. 그렇다고 하여 유성룡이 주자학을 버리고 양명학으로 방향을 전환한 것이 아니라 이들을 비판 지양하려는 태도가 있음을 논의해 보았다. Although Yoo Seong-young had criticized Yangming learning, he had been criticized by his colleague for falling in Yangming learning. Therefore, there is ambivalent evolution about Yoo Seong-young's thought among the comtemporary scholars, who especially does not point out to concrete and direct evidence about inclination of Yaming lerning within Yoo Seong-young's works. Yi Yoo-jang who had reviewed Yoo Seong-young's works in order to helf to arrange Yoo Seong-young's chronicle, however, he had found out and criticized element of the theory of self observation on mind(Kwansimseol 觀心說) of Buddhism. Although Zhuxi criticized Kwansimseol to consider object world as part of mind for firming investigation theory(Kyugmulchigi 格物致知), Wang Yang-ming criticizing investigation theory thought object world or event as mind including inner will as if Kwansimseol of Buddhism. As result, through construing Yi Yoo-jang's argument for Yoo Seong-young's works, it is told that Yoo-Seong-young's thought had a orientation of Yaming learning even though it was the extent of limitation.

Multimodality Imaging of Bone Marrow–Derived Dendritic Cell Migration and Antitumor Immunity ¹

Ahn, Su-Bi,Lee, Sang Bong,Singh, Thoudam Debraj,Cho, Sung Jin,Kim, Sang Kyoon,Lee, In-Kyu,Jeong, Shin Young,Ahn, Byeong-Cheol,Lee, Jaetae,Lee, Sang-Woo,Jeon, Yong Hyun Neoplasia Press 2017 Translational oncology Vol.10 No.2

<P>Here, we sought to monitor bone marrow–derived dendritic cell (BMDC) migration and antitumor effects using a multimodal reporter imaging strategy in living mice. BMDCs were transduced with retroviral vector harboring human sodium iodide symporter (<I>hNIS</I>, nuclear imaging reporter), firefly <I>luc2</I> (optical imaging reporter), and <I>thy1.1</I> (surrogate marker of <I>NIS</I> and <I>luc2</I>) genes (BMDC/NF cells). No significant differences in biological functions, including cell proliferation, antigen uptake, phenotype expression, and migration ability, were observed between BMDC and BMDC/NF cells. Combined bioluminescence imaging and I-124 positron emission tomography/computed tomography clearly revealed the migration of BMDC/NF cells to draining popliteal lymph nodes at day 7 postinjection. Interestingly, marked tumor protection was observed in mice immunized with TC-1 lysate-pulsed BMDC/NF cells. Our findings suggested that multimodal reporter gene imaging of NIS and luciferase could provide insights into the biological behaviors of dendritic cells in living organisms and could be a useful tool for the optimization of DC-based immunotherapy protocols.</P>

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles Potentiate the Protective Effect of Curcumin Against Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rats

Ahn, Jiyun,Jeong, Jinyoung,Lee, Hyunjung,Sung, Mi-Jung,Jung, Chang Hwa,Lee, Hansu,Hur, Jinyoung,Park, Ji Hyung,Jang, Young Jin,Ha, Tae Youl AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS 2017 Journal of biomedical nanotechnology Vol.13 No.6

Long-Term Outcomes of Liver Retransplantation: A 31-Year Korean Single-Center Experiences

( Sang-hoon Kim ),( Deok-bog Moon ),( Sung-gyu Lee ),( Shin Hwang ),( Chul-soo Ahn ),( Ki-hun Kim ),( Tae-yong Ha ),( Gi-won Song ),( Dong-hwan Jung ),( Gil-chun Park ),( Young-in Yoon ),( Woo-hyoung 대한간학회 2024 춘·추계 학술대회 (The Liver Week) Vol.2024 No.1