한약재 주정 추출물이 종자발아와 유묘생장에 미치는 영향

김진효 ( Jin Hyo Kim ),김준영 ( Jun Young Kim ),류성지 ( Sung Ji Ryu ),최근형 ( Geun Hyoung Choi ),김원일 ( Won Il Kim ),김세리 ( Se Ri Kim ),박병준 ( Byung Jun Park ),조남준 ( Nam Jun Cho ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회지 Vol.33 No.3

BACKGROUND: Herbal extracts have been screened fortheir inhibitory effect of seed germination and rootdevelopment on weeds, but there is a scarcity of reports forcrop growth regulation. The objective of this research wasto develop a growth inhibitor on Brassica campestris, andits effective extraction method from herbal medicineextract. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighty four herbal medicineextracts were tested for their plant growth inhibitionactivity on B. campestris. The alcohol extracts of Artemisiaannua, Cinnamomum cassia, and Mentha arvensisinhibited over 30% of germination and the extract of A. annua, and C. cassia inhibited over 70% of radicle growthat 0.1 % w/w treatment. The partially purified extracts of A. annua, and C. cassia with dichloromethane and hexaneshowed stronger radicle growth inhibition than the crudeextracts on B. campestris. The diethyl ether extract of A. annua showed a similar 50% radicle growth inhibition (RI50= 45 mg/L) to its partially purified extract withdichloromethane or hexane, but the diethyl ether extract ofC. cassia showed a worse RI50 than the purified extract. CONCLUSION: The alcohol extracts of A. annua, and C. cassia showed potent radicle growth inhibition propertieson B. campestris. Diethyl ether proved to be a good solventfor simple extraction from A. annua.

금강상류의 (錦江上流) 육수학적 (陸水學的) 연구

이상순,조현영 ( Sang Soon Ri,Hyun Young Cho ) 한국하천호수학회 1980 생태와 환경 Vol.13 No.1·2

Seasonal variation of water qualities at the Yongho-ri and Godang-ri sites in the upper part of the Keum river was investigated 17th August as summer, 12th october as autumn, 6th December as winter during 1979 and 28th April as spring during 1980. In each site the value of DO showed 8.0∼8.8ppm and 12.8ppm for the summer and spring season and 7.5∼8.2ppm and 9.2∼9.3ppm for the autumn and winter season. The rate of oxygen saturation was found 104% and 116∼120% each summer and spring season and also found 91∼97% and 70∼72% each autumn and winter season in these sites. Judging from the rate of oxygen saturation it was higher in summer and spring than in autumn and winter season. The concentration of Cl^- was show as similar 11.9∼12.93ppm in these sites and also the value of conductivity was show as similar in each site during 4 seasons. Compared with water of Yongho-ri and Godang-ri the value of conductivity, total hardness, alkalinity, PO₄^(-3) and COD were a little higher in Yongho-ri than in Go dang-ri. As a whole the water qualities of this investigated area in upper part of Keum river was clear and not yet polluted.

Enhancing Dermal Matrix Regeneration and Biomechanical Properties of $2^{nd}$ Degree-Burn Wounds by EGF-Impregnated Collagen Sponge Dressing

Cho Lee Ae-Ri The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.11

To better define the relationship between dermal regeneration and wound contraction and scar formation, the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) loaded in collagen sponge matrix on the fibroblast cell proliferation rate and the dermal mechanical strength were investigated. Collagen sponges with acid-soluble fraction of pig skin were prepared and incorporated with EGF at 0, 4, and 8 $\mu$g/1.7 $cm^{2}$. Dermal fibroblasts were cultured to 80$\%$ confluence using DMEM, treated with the samples submerged, and the cell viability was estimated using MTT assay. A deep, $2^{nd}$ degree- burn of diameter 1 cm was prepared on the rabbit ear and the tested dressings were applied twice during the 15-day, post burn period. The processes of re-epithelialization and dermal regeneration were investigated until the complete wound closure day and histological analysis was performed with H-E staining. EGF increased the fibroblast cell proliferation rate. The histology showed well developed, weave-like collagen bundles and fibroblasts in EGF-treated wounds while open wounds showed irregular collagen bundles and impaired fibroblast growth. The breaking strength (944.1 $\pm$ 35.6 vs. 411.5 $\pm$ 57.0 Fmax, $gmm^{-2}$) and skin resilience (11.3 $\pm$ 1.4 vs. 6.5 $\pm$ 0.6 mJ/$mm^{2}$) were significantly increased with EGF­treated wounds as compared with open wounds, suggesting that EGF enhanced the dermal matrix formation and improved the wound mechanical strength. In conclusion, EGF-improved dermal matrix formation is related with a lower wound contraction rate. The impaired dermal regeneration observed in the open wounds could contribute to the formation of wound contraction and scar tissue development. An extraneous supply of EGF in the collagen dressing on deep, $2^{nd}$ degree-burns enhanced the dermal matrix formation.

Meat Species Identification using Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay Targeting Species-specific Mitochondrial DNA

Cho, Ae-Ri,Dong, Hee-Jin,Cho, Seongbeom Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2014 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.34 No.6

Meat source fraud and adulteration scandals have led to consumer demands for accurate meat identification methods. Nucleotide amplification assays have been proposed as an alternative method to protein-based assays for meat identification. In this study, we designed Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays targeting species-specific mitochondrial DNA to identify and discriminate eight meat species; cattle, pig, horse, goat, sheep, chicken, duck, and turkey. The LAMP primer sets were designed and the target genes were discriminated according to their unique annealing temperature generated by annealing curve analysis. Their unique annealing temperatures were found to be $85.56{\pm}0.07^{\circ}C$ for cattle, $84.96{\pm}0.08^{\circ}C$ for pig, and $85.99{\pm}0.05^{\circ}C$ for horse in the BSE-LAMP set (Bos taurus, Sus scrofa domesticus and Equus caballus); $84.91{\pm}0.11^{\circ}C$ for goat and $83.90{\pm}0.11^{\circ}C$ for sheep in the CO-LAMP set (Capra hircus and Ovis aries); and $86.31{\pm}0.23^{\circ}C$ for chicken, $88.66{\pm}0.12^{\circ}C$ for duck, and $84.49{\pm}0.08^{\circ}C$ for turkey in the GAM-LAMP set (Gallus gallus, Anas platyrhynchos and Meleagris gallopavo). No cross-reactivity was observed in each set. The limits of detection (LODs) of the LAMP assays in raw and cooked meat were determined from $10pg/{\mu}L$ to $100fg/{\mu}L$ levels, and LODs in raw and cooked meat admixtures were determined from 0.01% to 0.0001% levels. The assays were performed within 30 min and showed greater sensitivity than that of the PCR assays. These novel LAMP assays provide a simple, rapid, accurate, and sensitive technology for discrimination of eight meat species.

Controlled Partial Skin Thickness Burns: Rabbit Ear as a 2^nd Degree Burn Wound Model for Studies of Topical Therapy

Cho, Lee Ae-Ri,Moon, Hee-Kyung The Korean Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences and 2006 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.36 No.5

This study was designed to prepare an animal model for partial thickness bum wound which can be employed for testing topical therapy. We first evaluated whether rabbit ear and mouse back skin wound model could differentiate the wound healing process in terms of degree of re epithelialization, required days for complete wound closure, presence of scarring. $2^{nd}$ degree wet bum were prepared on mouse back skin and rabbit ear by applying 5 mL hot water($85{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$) for 7 see followed by 5 mL ice-cold 0.5% acrynol solution for cooling and disinfecting the inflicted area. After removing the dead epidermis layer at 24 hr, tested dressings were applied for specified time and wound progression was investigated. In mouse model, wound contraction was the primary wound closing mechanism, which is quite different from human wound healing process. In rabbit ear model, epidermal regeneration was the major wound healing process rather than wound contraction and the difference in wound healing property among tested dressings could be clearly demonstrated. A rabbit ear model could differentiate the wound progression among open, occluded and epidermal growth factor(EGF) treated wound. Four sites of circular wound(diameter: 1 cm) on the anterior part of rabbit ear could be employed for the comparative wound healing study. For obtaining reproducible bum wound, degree of bum depth and bum sites should be carefully controlled in addition, employing rabbits of same strain and weight. The result suggests that rabbit ear could be employed as a reliable and human-resembled wound model.

Stabilization of Lipid Lamellar Bilayer Structure of Stratum Corneum Modulated by Poly (2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) in Relation to Skin Hydration and Skin Protection

Cho Lee Ae-Ri,Moon Heekyung,Ishihara Kazuhiko 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2021 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.18 No.6

Background: One crucial factor in skin tissue engineering is to understand the hydration and barrier property of skin. We investigated the skin hydration and stabilization strategy of inter-lamellar structure of stratum corneum (SC) using poly (2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC). METHODS: The unique hydration and stabilization potency of PMPC on the barrier function of the SC examined using freshly excised hairless mouse skin as a model membrane and the relationship between the stabilization of the lipid lamellar bilayer (LLB) and its enhanced water holding capacity was established. RESULTS: Differential scanning calorimeter based on the phase-transition temperature of lipid domain of SC demonstrated that PMPC stabilized the LLB. The ratio of the heat of lipid phase transition (△H) of SC exposed to water and PMPC for 24 h was 1.51. X-ray crystallography showed the presence of well- organized lipids in intercellular membranes exhibiting short and long periodicity of lamellar phases. The peak at 4.4 nm attributed to the long periodicity phase (LPP) was missing in water-treated SC, where, the presence of 4.2- 4.4 nm peak in PMPC treated SC indicated that PMPC stabilized LPP. Transmission electron microscopy study demonstrated that the LLB structure became more rigid and orderly in PMPC treated SC. CONCLUSION: The unique ion paired structure of PMPC enhances the barrier function of the SC by stabilizing LLB structure and hydration by inducing weakly bound water. The unique hydration state and stabilization effect from extended water exposure could provide a valuable information to prepare reliable artificial skin matrix and skin tissue.

Effect of Glycerin on the Skin Permeation of a Model Drug, Nicotinic Acid

Cho, Ae-Ri,Leam, Hyunju 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2000 藥學論文誌 Vol.11 No.1

The effects of glycerin (propane-1,2,3-triol) on percutaneous absorption of a model drug, nicotinic acid (NA) through hairless mouse skin were investigated. The major objective of this study was to investigate how the hydration property of glycerin either in the donor solution facing stratum corneum or in the receptor fluid facing dermis skin can influence the skin permeation profile of a drug. The steady state skin permeation rates of NA were evaluated using Valia-Chien diffusion cells and analyzed using HPLC. Saturated solutions of NA in different concentrations of glycerin aqueous solutions (0∼50%) were prepared to maintain the thermodynamic activity in donor solutions equal. In another sets of experiment, saturated solution of NA in 40% PEG aq. solution was employed as a donor solution and different concentrations of glycerin were employed as a receptor solution. Glycerin in receptor solution facing dermis side significantly influence the skin permeation rate of NA and the enhancement was concentration dependent. The steady state skin permeation rate showed the highest in 10% and lowest in 50% (19.25 vs 2.59 ㎍/㎠hr). The enhancement effect of glycerin in donor solution showed similar profile but less significantly (6.39 vs 2.71 ㎍/㎠/hr). There were good correlation between hydration property of the skin and the steady state skin flux. As hydration increased, the steady state flux increased. The enhancement of the hydration was more significant with glycerin in the receptor solution facing dermis side as compared with those in the donor solution facing the stratum corneum side. These results suggest that hydration property of glycerin can influence the skin permeation rate quite extensively and the permeation through the tissues containing high water such as dermis can be influenced significantly by the presence of glycerin. High diffusivity induced by the hydration effect of glycerin could be the major contributing factor for the enhanced skin permeation.

Size matters: differential property of hyaluronan and its fragments in the skin- relation to pharmacokinetics, immune activity and wound healing

Cho Lee Ae-Ri 한국약제학회 2023 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.53 No.3

Background Numerous adverse immune reactions after hyaluronan (HA) applications have been reported, highlighting the need for investigating the differences in metabolism and pharmacokinetics between homeostasis and tissue injury and inflammation conditions. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the pro- or anti-inflammatory activity of HA depending on its fragment size and the association between HA fragment size and its pharmacokinetics and therapeutic properties is critical to its use without adverse immune reactions. Area covered This paper discusses the differential synthesis and degradation of HA depending on physiological conditions and HA fragment size and the strategies to minimizing adverse immune reactions. Given HA is an important skin component, its skin penetration, dermal pharmacokinetics and differential effects of native HA and fragments on wound healing and tissue regeneration are discussed. Expert opinion In ideal homeostatic conditions, the proportion of high-molecular-weight HA (HMW HA; ~106 Da, 1.24 M Da) is high, and it rarely binds with immune cells. However, tissue injury and inflammation lead to the generation of small HA fragments (~ 100 kDa and 10 kDa), which exhibit inflammatory, carcinogenic, and tissue fibrotic properties. As HA is an indispensable extracellular matrix (ECM) component of skin, specific skin absorption enhancement induced by conversion of the α-helix to a ß-sheet structure of HA and hydration of stratum corneum weakens the SC barrier. Given different cell types react differently to cellular stresses. Currently, no general guideline to prognosticating serious adverse reactions after HA application exists. Therefore, we believe that normalization of HA metabolism and an in vitro model evaluating the specific inflammatory cytokine profile and gene expression level in macrophage cell lines of tested tissue after HA exposure would help in devising a clinical strategy to minimize the serious adverse reactions after HA application.

Study on the binding property of vitamin E(α-tocopherol) during skin permeation

Cho, Ae Ri 덕성여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1997 자연과학 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

An experimental and a theoretical approach to study the binding property of vitamin E during skin permeation study have been developed. In vitro skin permeation studies with whole skin and stripped skin were performed. The amount of vitamin E which is freely diffusable, attends in diffusion process, was determined from the permeation profiles of whole skin and stripped skin by employing double layer model ; the concentration of vitamin E in the stratum corneum and viable dermis calculated separately. By subtracting this amount from the total concentration of vitamin E in the skin, the amount of bound vitamin E was determined. After skin permeation study, desorption experiment was performed. And the extracted amount of strongly bound vitamin E was evaluated. During the entire period of desorption experiment, the amount of vitamin E in the receptor solution hardly increased and remained almost constant after the removal of donor solution. After the desorption experiment, the drug concentration was completely extracted from the skin. We found that an appreciable amount of vitamin E still remained in the skin. About 30 % of vitamin E was found to bound to the skin.

Gravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetric Studies on Glycerin-induced Skin Hydration

Cho Lee, Ae-Ri,Moon, Hee-Kyung 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.11

A thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were carried out to characterize the water property and an alteration of lipid phase transition of stratum corneum (SC) by glycerin. In addition, the relationship between steady state skin permeation rate and skin hydration in various concentrations of glycerin was investigated. Water vapor absorption-desorption was studied in the hairless mouse stratum corneum. Dry SC samples were exposed to different conc. of glycerin (0-50%) followed by exposure to dry air and the change in weight property was monitored over time by use of TGA. In DSC study, significant decrease in ${\Delta}H$ of the lipid transition in 10% glycerin and water treated sample: the heat of lipid transition of normal, water, 10% glycerin treated SC were 6.058, 4.412 and 4.316 mJ/mg, respectively. In 10% glycerin treated SCs, the Tc of water shifts around $129^{\circ}C$, corresponding to the weakly bound secondary water. In 40% glycerin treated SC, the Tc of water shifts to $144^{\circ}C$ corresponding to strongly bound primary water. There was a good correlation between th_e hydration property of the skin and the steady state skin flux with the correlation coefficient $(r^2=0.94)$. As the hydration increased, the steady state flux increased. As glycerin concentration increased, hydration property decreased. High diffusivity induced by the hydration effect of glycerin and water could be the major contributing factor for the enhanced skin permeation of nicotinic acid (NA).