جماليات الوقف في خطاب النقد العربي

ع,ب,د,ا,ل,ك,ر,ي,م,أ,س,ع,د,ق,ح,ط,ا,ن,(Qahtan, Abdulkareem Asaad) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2020 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.24 No.2

وجدنا أنه في مستوى خطاب النقد العربي كانت المعالجات النقدية - في طابعها العام - إمّا قاصرة في ذاتها ،أي أنّها لم تبن على أسس سليمة علمية أو فنيّة وإمّا جزئية، أي محصورة في معالجة وقائع التعارض بمستوى نمط شعري معين أو بمستوى شاعر معين أو بما هو أقلّ من ذلك. مع أنّ بعضها لا يفسّر الواقعة الملاحظة بقدر ما يملي عليها تصوّره النقدي، وهنالك فرق شاسع بين أن نعرض الواقع وأن نعرض طموحنا في ما ينبغي أن يكون عليه الواقع. أمّا في مستوى الخطاب الشعري- وكما وجدنا في الجزء الأول من الدراسة- فإنّ التعارض في الوقف مثل سمة جوهرية من سمات الخطاب الشعري العربي، وهي سمة تطورت مع تطوره على المسار الزمني والفني. This research paper consists of an introduction, a preface, an outline of the modern and old Arabic discourse criticism as well as modern foreign criticism and a conclusion. The introduction presented the aim of the research and the significance of the topic and its importance in the modern critical studies compared with previous studies in the discipline. The preface reviewed the research methodology used in the analysis and inference. In the analysis, the research paper showed that the old Arabic criticism concerned with the external inclusion of poetic line and it was not considered or proved as an aesthetic. The modern Arabic criticism came influenced by modern international criticism. However, this contraction didn’t include contraction that is achieved by verbosity level i.e. the internal structure of poetic line, then it was lost in the justifications that make contradiction deserves that. The aim of the research paper is to present the shortcomings of previous studies.

الآراء النحوية لابن مضاء القرطب

م,ح,م,د,م,ص,ط,ف,ى,أ,ح,م,د,ي,و,ن,س,(Younes, Mohamed Moustafa Ahmed) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2020 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.24 No.2

يرى ابن مضاء أنه من الضرورة إلغاء نظرية العامل، وقد ساقه ذلك إلى الاعتراض على تقدير العوامل المحذوفة لأن إجماع النحويين على القول ʪلعوامل ليس بحجة، وكذلك الاعتراض على تقدير متعلقات اĐرورات، وتقدير الضمائر المستترة في المشتقات والأفعال. ترك كل ما ليس له نظير في كلام العرب، وعدم القياس على الأمثلة المصنوعة غير المستعملة في واقع كلام العرب، والتي من هدفها صنع القواعد لا تقويم اللسان وēذيب النطق. ل تحصل لنا المعرفة ʪلنطق بكلام َ إلغاء العلل الثواني والثوالث، لأنه ʪلعلل اْلأُو العرب، فلا فائدة من العلل الثواني والثوالث سوى إدراكنا أن العرب أمة حكيمة. لا حاجة لدارس النحو في البحث في الخلافات، وسرد التشعيبات. The topic aims to present the grammatical views and analysis of Ibn Madaa with regards to the grammarians of Kufa and Basra as well as his response to them, in addition to the justification and defense of his views. Ibn Madaa determined that it was necessary to remove any chapters on grammar that were deemed unbeneficial, therefore eliminating anything that doesn’t benefit pronunciation or speech. Accordingly, he encouraged the simplification of grammar wherever possible and the removal from academic discourse that which doesn’t aid speech. Among such topics include the difference of opinion in the reasons for classifying subjects and objects, in addition to other areas of disagreement. He therefore advocated that there’s no need to pursue research in areas where grammarians disagree with one another, as that which doesn’t benefit speech has no value or place in research.

مقایسه انقلاب ایران و چین: شباهتها و تفاوته&

دال س;ونگ یو (유달승) 한국중동학회 2008 韓國 中東 學會 論叢 Vol.29 No.2

이 논문은 이슬람혁명과 중국혁명을 비교 분석하여 혁명의 원인과 기원을 파악하기 위한 것이다. 이슬람혁명과 중국혁명은 공통점과 차이점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 혁명의 원인과 과정을 중심으로 두 혁명의 공통점을 분석하고자 한다. 이 논문의 가설은 전통적인 이란사회와 중국사회의 근대화 과정에서 제국주의의 영향이 혁명의 주요 요인으로 나타나고 있다. 이에 따라 내부 가치와 외부 가치의 충돌이 나타나고 내부 환경과 외부 환경의 작용과 반작용 속에서 정치, 사회 및 문화적 갈등 요인으로 등장한다. 이 논문의 범위는 혁명의 원인과 과정으로 한정하고 있다. 두 국가에서는 급속한 근대화 과정에서 새로운 가치가 주류 이론으로 제기되었다. 이란에서는 팔레비 왕정체제의 급속한 근대화 정책에 대한 반발로 호메이니의 이슬람법학자통치론(Velayat-e Faqih)이 등장했고 중국에서는 근대화 과정의 실패와 항일민족통일전선 과정에서 모택동의 공산당을 중심으로 마르크스 이론이 성장하였다. 이란에서는 상인들과 성직자들을 중심으로 반식민주의와 반전제주의 투쟁을 목표로 1906년 입헌혁명이 발생했다. 1906년 입헌혁명은 절대군주제에서 입헌군주제로 바꾸었지만 외세의 개입으로 실패로 끝났다. 팔레비 왕정체제는 급속한 근대화를 추진하면서 전통사회를 파괴시켜 전통주의자들의 반발에 직면하게 되었다. 이에 미국의 제국주의 정책과 팔레비 왕정체제의 전제주의 정책을 반대하면서 성직자들과 지식인들을 중심으로 1979년 이슬람혁명이 발생했다. 중국에서는 아편전쟁과 태평천국 운동을 계기로 서구 기술의 도입과 군수산업 육성을 통한 부국강병을 추구하는 양무 운동이 일어났지만 실패로 끝났다. 손문은 삼민주의(민족주의, 민권주의, 민생주의)를 주창하면서 신해혁명을 일으켜 1911년 중화민국을 수립했다. 하지만 제국주의와 봉건주의의 결탁으로 신해혁명의 주요 목표인 반봉건 타파에 실패하고 농민을 배제시키는 결과가 나타났다. 모택동은 마르크스 이론을 토대로 농민운동을 결합시켜 국공합작을 통한 항일민족통일전선에서 주도권을 장악해 1949년 혁명에 성공했다. 이란혁명과 중국혁명은 많은 차이점에도 불구하고 제국주의의 영향으로 전통주의 세력과 근대주의 세력 사이에서 갈등이 발생했다는 공통점이 존재한다. 또한 이는 이란과 중국사회의 정치, 사회 및 문화에 커다란 영향을 미쳤고 혁명의 원인과 기원이 되었다.

الدراسات الصوتية عند عبد القاهر الجرجاني

Mohamed Moustafa Ahmed Younes(م,ح,م,د,م,ص,ط,ف,ى,أ,ح,م,د,ي,و,ن,س,) 명지대학교 중동문제연구소 2017 중동문제연구 Vol.16 No.1

This first section of this study explains Abdul Qahir Al-Jurjani’s ability to understand phonetics and his dependence on previous phonetical studies, especially that which he took from the book of Sibawayhi and that of his teacher’s teacher Abi Ali Al-Farisi. It also explores Abdul Qahir’s work on consonants and vowels which indicate his understanding and knowledge of phonetics. Then the section compares his understanding to modern phonetical studies, and how the field of modern phonetics has developed. In the second section, this paper explores the phonetic classifications of Abdul Qahir, and compares this with recent studies in phonetics and the precision of Abdul Qahir’s findings in phonetic classification which closely resemble recent phonetic classifications.

جوانب من الدراسات اللغوية والتربوية عند ا

م,ح,م,د,م,ص,ط,ف,ى,أ,ح,م,د,ي,و,ن,س, 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2018 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.22 No.4

ةيبرعلا ةغلل تيوصلا ءانبلا في ماغدلإاو في&#

Abd al-Karim Asad Qahtan(ن,ا,ط,ح,ق,د,ع,س,أ, ي,م,ر,ك,ل,ا, د,ب,ع,.د,.أ) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2017 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.21 No.4

Assimilation and Reduplication in the Structure of Arabic Language This paper contains an introduction, which defines both assimilation and reduplication, moreover, it highlights the different opinions of the ancient and contemporary scholars who tackled this phenomenon and their limitations, and then, it highlights the aim of this paper. The aim is to prove that both assimilation and reduplication are two conditions that actually do exist in the structure of Arabic language. When they agree in some of their Syntagmatic conditions, each would have a different nature, function and standard of perception. This paper also contains a preface that explains the relationship between assimilation and reduplication to structure of the Arabic phoneme differentiated mainly by the volume of stress, in addition to highlighting the authenticity of stress and its volume in Arabic language. In the body of this paper, the researcher presents both assimilation and reduplication according to his understanding accompanied by the opinions of both ancient and modern linguists and their limitations. Then, it tackles the function of both assimilation and reduplication in the structure of speech within the requirements of the semantic and linguistic context. This paper arrived at the conclusion that the phonetic and phonological cases tackled by ancient Arab linguists under the category of assimilation, are not actually assimilation, but reduplication to the same sound through its point of articulation with two different methods, in two consecutive points in speech chain, with two different functions, within two different but consecutive syllables and in two different values. It became clear that reduplication is a result of either assimilation, a separate reduplication or according to the origin of its derivational position. In all of these cases, it stipulates that its first syllable must be stressed. Moreover, it has become clear that assimilation leads to reduplication but it is not reduplication itself. When they both stipulate stress, they differ in its concept, function and the standard of perception. Assimilation, as it refers to the linguistic process by which a sound becomes similar to anther adjacent sound, occurs at the process of replacing a certain sound with a similar one adjacent to it in the place of articulation. This takes place before articulation itself as a process, but during articulation, reduplication takes place, which means the repetition of a certain sound in its place of articulation in two different methods and in two consecutive positions in the phonological chain. If we related the sound to its function within the unity of the syllable movement, we would say that: assimilation is the process of overlapping the sound of the most stressed syllable with another sound of a similar place of articulation whether the assimilated sound is present in the first margin of the next syllable in speech or outside speech itself as in dissimilation (Iqlab), while reduplication is the repetition of the sound of the most stressed syllable at the beginning of the margin of the next syllable in speech. Consequently, assimilation can only be recognized mentally, that is… through analogy and comparison while reduplication can be recognized through speaking and listening. The function of assimilation does not exceed facilitating the process of speaking while the function of reduplication varies to include enabling language to add more additional meanings, compensating for assimilation, enabling the root to adapt for the conditions of semantic extension through conjugation and derivation.

A Comparative Study of the Resistance Components in War Novels: Based on Novels from the Wars of Iran, Vietnam, Ireland, Palestine, and World War II

Somayeh Aghajani Kalkhoran(ن,ا,ر,و,خ,ل,ک,ی,ن,ا,ج,ا,ق,آ,ه,ی,م,س,) 명지대학교 중동문제연구소 2019 중동문제연구 Vol.18 No.3

The present study was conducted to answer this question: How the representation of resistance literature in Iranian and non-Iranian novels is and whether there are similarities or differences in these representations in the novels. There are so many books that have been published in this area. In this article, eight novels from several wars have been selected: (1) Hidden Crescent by Ali Asghar Shirzadi about Iran-Iraq War; (2) Resurrection Machine Chess by Habib Ahmadzadeh about Iran-Iraq War; (3) Umm Saʻd by Ghassan Kanafani about the Palestinian struggles; (4) London, July 13 by Käthe Recheis on the Republican Irish Army’s struggles; (5) Bao Nine’s Sorrow of War about the Vietnam war; three World War II novels, (6) Far from Homeland by Imaran Kasumcf, (7) Rose Francis by Jean Lafitte, and (8) Angel Became Silence by Heinrich Theodor Böll. In this study, at first the resistance components were first extracted and reviewed in eight novels, and then the components that were common to most of these novels were reviewed and adapted as resistance components. The results show that the representation of resistance has the highest frequency in the novels of Umm Saʻd, Rose Francis, Far from Homeland and then in Iranian and Palestinian novels. Additionally, the presence of women is also very high in the afore-mentioned three novels and Sorrow of War. This presence is also very visible in the stories of Rose Francis and Umm Saʻd.

Functional expression in the curriculum of teaching Arabic to speakers of other languages at the University of Jordan

ب,س,م,ة,أ,ح,م,د,ص,د,ق,ي,ا,ل,د,ج,ا,ن,ي,. ه,ب,ة,م,ح,م,و,د,ش,&# 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2016 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.20 No.3

This study aims to detect the opinion of Arabic learners – as a second language- on the importance of functional expression and their opinion on the role of the curriculum of the University of Jordan in this subject. It also aims to analyze the content of the curriculum of teaching Arabic to speakers of other languages, to recognize the exercises and its role in increasing the ability to learn functional expression in writing and orally, to identify how the lessons of the functional expression were selected in this curriculum, to identify the method through which learners can recruit what they learn in their career, and finally to detect the mistakes that Arabic learners as a second language can slip into in their expressive writing.

A Comparative Study on Transformational Grammar between Egyptian Dialects and Modern Standard Arabic : A Study on Simple Sentences

Mohamed Moustafa Ahmed Younes(م,ح,م,د,م,ص,ط,ف,ى,أ,ح,م,د,ي,و,ن,س,) 명지대학교 중동문제연구소 2016 중동문제연구 Vol.15 No.3

This paper aims to study transformational grammar in Egyptian dialects and compare it with Modern Standard Arabic(MSA) while highlighting areas of agreement and differences between them. It is also a historical analysis on the development of modern Egyptian dialects, and a clarification of the characteristics of these developments through the study and comparison of the simple sentences in Egyptian dialects and Modern Standard Arabic using examples from the holy Quran and ancient Arabic poetry to verify its authenticity as well as Arab compositions related to the field of modern and ancient Arabic grammar. This study was conducted within a historical and comparative framework to allude to the historical development that took place in these dialects.