내발적 발전전략을 통한 경남권 레저·스포츠산업 cluster모델 연구

박봉률 慶尙大學校 2005 국내박사

This study, based on several preceding studies which is related to the theme of the study, shows strategic alternatives to development of the sports tourism industry cluster model in Gyeongnam Province as a way of activating the value of the sports tourism and local economy in the region. The results based on condition analysis, correlating plans and policy comparison of the region, Gyeongnam are as follows. The first thing is to set up strategies for leisure?sports cluster and place-moving training space in Gyeongnam Province. To do so, great self governments are to make partnership with people concerned between the government and local self governments, among local self governments, between residents and the government and also shape a new frame. Local self governments are to create a positive attitude toward leisure?sports industry in the community. Futhermore, we are to make the most use of the role of media and establish newly cooperative relationship in the organization of leisure?sports. Lastly, we are to set up strategies for place-moving training space, according to the condition of each region. The second thing is to develop leisure?sports cluster in Gyeongnam Province. To make it possible, space system is set up according to geographical features and distribution of sports infra in the region. Also, space system for city?county united form, considering of the net of traffic and administrative districts in the city?county united area, is set up, divided into 4 spaces, and then fragmented locally in accordance with accessibility, functions and administrative districts. First of all, we are mainly to develop Tongyong, Kosung and Namhae as the area of marine leisure?sports complex with Keoje city centered. Sanchung, Keochang, Hadong and Hapcheon as the area of alpine leisure?sports complex with Hamyang County centered, and then Changwon, Kimhae, Masan and Sacheon as the area of city-based leisure?sports complex with Jinhae city centered. Lastly, we are to develop Uiryung and Milyang as the area of culture-grafted leisure?sports complex with Changnyung County centered. The third thing is to develop leisure?sports theme park cluster. To do so, we should do our best to attract soccer, athletic sports, tennis, and badminton player teams as soft commodities with Bukok township, the zone of a hot spring, centered. As soft management, we should also carry out vehicle-supported services, public relations?innovations of target markets and marketings for early accommodated people. Moreover we should establish new facilities and maintain the existing ones as for soft commodity items. In terms of soft-information, we are to make information about place-moving training database, to send a delegation for attraction? public relations, and to hold presentations in order to attract winter moving-place training. With regards to soft-system, we are to make a system to provide teams of participants with certain discount on all-expenses such as accommodation and meals. We are also to provide them with medical care and physiotherapy in government hospitals and herb clinics without charge. Finally it is virtually needed to organize cooperative network with local societies to support all the things flexibly. The last thing is to study the local government's roles and tasks to develop leisure?cluster in Gyeongnam Province. At first, to accomplish the alternative, the government is to establish globalization of the region through universal interchanges, and construct future-styled sports infra through expanding sports facilities infra and sports environment infra. we are also to enlarge sports markets and investment attraction. Secondly, on the industry division, we are to develop leisure?sports brands of local properties through a brand strategy by analyzing customer base of consistent brand images. We are to collect and expand economic information and develop information about sports, to intensify actions for the sales promotion by strengthening the promotion for public relations and information system (construction of system) through digital marketing. On the education part, we are to train professional human resources through arranging curriculums about physical courses, set up departments and organizations in charge of the sports industry to ensure administrative competitiveness, and manage human resources strategically to ensure human competitiveness. Lastly, non-governments are to enlarge the participation of NGO by publicizing the procedures of participation and through the study of leisure?sports environment effects. We are also to intensify the cooperative relationship with the spontaneously growing local unity by creating sympathy with the residents and constructing monitoring systems. Such leisure?sports cluster development is one of the parts which has not yet presented at home. Therefore through this study, it will play a significant role to the sports tourism industry cluster with a local self-governing body. Gyeongnam Province has absolute priority about the industry which takes up leisure and sports as the theme, so it is clearly desirable to take it for the strategic industry.

노인의 레져 스포츠 활동과 주관적 안녕감과의 관계

최성애 경기대학교 1998 국내박사

최근 노인의 주관적 안녕감인 행복감과 생활만족에 대한 관심이 복지차원에서 집중되는 추세와 관련하여 본 연구는 노인의 레져 스포츠 활동 참여와 주관적 안녕감간의 관계를 분석함으로서 노인의 행복추구에 도움이 될 수 있는 유용한 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 먼저, 노인의 레져 스포츠 활동 참여와 주관적 안녕감 간의 관계를 파악하기 위해 관련변인을 설정하고 가설적 모형을 구성한 다음, 이들 관계를 실증적으로 검증하였다. 본 연구의 피험자는 서울, 경기지역에 거주하는 65세 이상의 남녀 노인을 모집단으로 하고 표집방식은 유층집락무선 표집법(stratified clus-terrandom sampling)으로 대상을 추출하였다. 레져 스포츠 활동에 참여하는 남여노인 824명의 응답내용을 최종 원자료로 분석하였는데 참여대상의 연령은 60대 517명, 70대 297명, 80대 10명이었다. 본 연구의 설정된 인구사회학적 배경변인은 주관적 안녕감에 대한 관련요인의 차원에서 건강, 성별, 교육수준, 결혼상태, 소득수준의 5가지 요인으로 구성하였다. 독립변인은 스포츠 활동 참여여부와 참여정도이며 매개변인은 자긍심이고, 주관적 안녕감의 하위요인은 행복감의 정적정서와 부적정서 그리고 생활만족을 종속변인으로 구성하였다. 설정된 가설의 검증 결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인구사회학적 변인에 따른 자긍심, 정적, 부적정서, 생활 만족에는 차이가 나타났다. 즉, 자긍심의 차이는 성별, 용돈만족, 교육수준, 건강만족에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타났으나 배우자 유무에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 정적정서의 차이는 여성노인이 남성노인에 비해 정적정서의 체험이 높고 용돈사용 및 건강 만족도가 클수록 정적정서의 느낌을 더 많이 갖는 것으로 나타난 반면, 교육수준과 배우자 유무에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 부적정서는 남성노인이 여성노인에 비해 높고, 용돈사용 만족과 배우자의 유무에 따른 차이는 없으나 교육수준과 건강만족에 따라 다소 차이가 나타났다. 생활만족의 차이는 여성노인이 남성노인 보다 높고, 건강만족과 용돈만족이 클수록 그리고 교육수준이 높을수록 생활만족이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 스포츠 참여 유무에 따른 자긍심, 주관적 안녕감(정적정서, 부적 정서, 생활만족)에는 차이가 나타났다. 즉, 스포츠 참여 노인이 비참여 노인보다 자긍심이 더 높고 주관적 안녕감도 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 스포츠 참여정도가 자긍심, 주관적 안녕감(정적정서, 부적정서, 생활만족)에 미치는 영향력은 다르게 나타났다. 스포츠 참여정도 즉, 참여빈도, 참여지속시간, 참여기간의 자긍심 및 주관적 안녕감에 대한 영향력을 분석한 결과를 살펴보면, 참여빈도만이 자긍심에 영향을 미칠 뿐 지속시간과 참여기간은 영향력이 약한 것으로 나타났다. 행복감의 정서에 대한 영향력은 정적정서의 경우 참여빈도, 참여기간, 운동지속시간 순으로 영향력을 보인 반면, 부적정서에는 스포츠 참여 정도의 모든 변인이 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 생활만족에 미치는 영향력은 참여빈도만이 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 자긍심은 주관적 안녕감(정적정서, 부적정서, 생활만족)에 영향력이 높게 나타났다. 자긍심(self-esteem)이 높을수록 정적정서를 많이 느끼고, 부적정서를 적게 느끼며 생활만족은 높게 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 스포츠 참여정도와 자긍심, 주관적 안녕감(정적정서, 부적정서, 생활만족)간에는 부분적인 인과관계가 나타났다. 스포츠 참여정도는 자긍심과의 직접적인 인과관계가 약한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 스포츠 참여정도 중에서 참여빈도만이 주관적 안녕감의 생활만족과 정적정서에 인과관계가 있음을 보여준 반면, 참여기간과 참여지속시간은 정적정서에만 영향을 미칠 뿐, 부적정서와 생활만족에는 직접적인 인과관계가 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 자긍심과 정적정서 및 부적정서가 생활만족에 미치는 영향력은 매우 크게 나타남으로서 자긍심이 매개변인으로서 적절하게 작용하여 레져 스포츠 활동 참여정도와 주관적 안녕감간의 관계를 형성하며 또한, 스포츠 활동 참여정도가 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향력은 직·간접적인 인과관계 측면에서 다소 다르지만 참여빈도가 참여지속시간과 참여기간에 비해 노인의 정적정서의 체험을 많이 갖게 하는 반면 부적 정서의 느낌을 적게하여 행복감을 높게 느끼게 하는데 영향력이 크며, 아울러 생환만족을 크게 갖도록 함으로서 주관적 안녕감을 높게 갖게 하는 주요 요인으로 간주된다. The subjective well-being is a person's own emotional and cognitive evaluation of how his/her life is going. The purpose of this study is to examine relationship between the leisure sports activity and subjective well-being of the old. In particularly, this study aims to provide empirical data which would contribute to improving the subjective well-being of the elderly, based on exploring self-esteem, happiness (positive affect, negative affect) and life satisfaction as a function of their socio-demographic characteristics and investigating relationship between the subjective well-being and participation style of leisure sports activity among the elderly. The subjects were 824 elder males and females who participate and not participate in leisure sports activity. they was selected by stratified cluster random sampling method among the elderly aged 65 or above who dwell in Kyonggi Do and Seoul. The measure of subjective well-being in this study consisted of Positive and Negative affect as happiness which emphasize the emotional component of well-being and life satisfaction which emphasize cognitive judgments of life. The survey instruments of this study were self-esteem Scale(SES) developed by Rosenberg(1965) and standardized in Korean language by Yeong Suk-Youk(1994), Positive and Negative affect Scales(PANAS) developed by Watson, Clark & Tellgen(1988)and standardized in Korean language by Ju Sung-Lee(1991), and the scale of life satisfaction of the elderly made by Choe-Sung Je(1986). The statistical techniques used this study were ANCOVA, Regression and Path Analysis for analyzing the collected data, The results of thid study were as the follows : First, the self-esteem, positive and negative affect and life satisfaction of elder males and females who participate and not participate in leisure sports activity were partially different as a function of the socio-demographic characteristics such as sex, educational experience, satisfaction of spending money, satisfaction of health, spouse existence. Second, the self-esteem, positive and negative affect and life satisfaction of elder males and females who participate in leisure sports activity were higher than that of non-participant in leisure sports activity. Third, the self-esteem, positive and negative affect and life satisfaction of elder males and females who participate in leisure sports activity were partially different as a function of participation style of leisure sports activity such as participation frequency, participation duration, participation time. Fourth, The higher the self-esteem of the elderly, The higher presence of frequent positive affect and life satisfaction, the lower relative absence of negative affect. Fifth, There existed partially significant casual relationship the participation style of leisure sports activity, the self-esteem, positive and negative affect and life satisfaction of elder males and females. In sum, participation of leisure sports activity for the old is a strong predictor of the subjective well-being, but based on weaker casual connection between participation style of leisure sports activity and the self-esteem, positive and negative affect and life satisfaction. The future research is a much needed complement to the antecedent study of leisure sports activity to improving the subjective well-being of the elderly.