A Study on the Development of User Experience (UX) Design Evaluation Model for Shared Mobility Service

Li Hesen 경기대학교 대학원 2023 국내박사

With the continuous development of the sharing economy, shared mobility services have begun to operate worldwide. By combining mobile Internet and traditional travel methods, shared mobility services fully use existing advantages, improve transportation efficiency, and provide fast services for more people to travel. Shared mobility service is a sustainable new type of transportation service, and the center of the service is user experience, which involves many factors such as economy, environment, and society. It is necessary to measure the performance of shared mobility services and evaluate them. Therefore, with the development of the times, shared mobility services should focus more on research on the service's user experience. Most of the existing shared mobility service evaluation methods start from the perspective of enterprises, focus on the economic performance of shared mobility services, and focus on the profitability of shared mobility services while ignoring users' attention. Inter-firm competition through technological innovation is obsolete as the technological gap between firms shrinks. Nowadays, the way of competition that regards the improvement of design and user experience as the core strength of enterprises has become mainstream. The era of 'The Experience Economy' has come. The service's unique value system and way of life should emphasize the experience gained in using the product. Therefore, from the user's point of view, it is necessary to take user experience as the criterion for evaluating shared mobility services. The user experience of shared mobility services is a very complex set, so it is difficult to determine what the user experience of shared mobility services is and what structure it consists of through a single quantitative or qualitative experiment. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a comprehensive evaluation model of shared mobility service user experience by combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Therefore, this study aims to explain and analyze shared mobility services from the perspective of user experience design and to evaluate the user experience of shared mobility services so that designers can clearly understand the design or optimization of such services. Discover the deficiencies in the service and the future optimization direction to accurately optimize the shared mobility service to meet users' needs and improve the user experience. To this end, it is necessary to analyze the elements and structures of user experience in shared mobility services, develop a Shared Mobility Service Evaluation Cube based on User Experience (UX), and finally build an Evaluation Model for Shared Mobility Service (EM-SMS). In order to achieve the purpose of this research, the following research was done: (1) Collection of user experience elements in shared mobility services Firstly, the collected data is deeply analyzed, and the elements related to the user experience in the shared mobility service are extracted. Secondly, use the Delphi Method to conduct the expert evaluation and make preliminary modifications and arrangements to the collected user experience elements in the shared mobility service to prepare for the subsequent construction of the evaluation cube. (2) Screening of user experience elements in shared mobility services and establishment of Shared Mobility Service Evaluation Cube based on User Experience (UX) In this stage, two statistical analysis methods(Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP, and Entropy Weight Method, EWM) are used to measure the weight of the user experience elements in the modified shared mobility service. Secondly, use the weight fitting method CWC and the weight correlation research method (Box Whisker Plot, BWP) to fit the subjective and objective weights, and finally determine the user experience elements in the shared mobility service, and then construct Shared Mobility Service Evaluation Cube based on User Experience (UX). (3) Establishment of Evaluation Model for Shared Mobility Service (EM-SMS) First, the Comprehensive Evaluation Theory(Coupling Coordination Theory, CCT) is combined with the Shared Mobility Service Evaluation Cube based on User Experience (UX) to build a preliminary evaluation model for the user experience design of shared mobility services. Secondly, the evaluation model is verified by three existing services to test the feasibility of the model. Finally, the preliminary evaluation model is modified to establish an Evaluation Model for Shared Mobility Service (EM-SMS). To sum up, this study first takes the shared mobility service evaluation model as the research object, clarifies the composition of the user experience in the shared mobility service, and constructs the Shared Mobility Service Evaluation Cube based on User Experience (UX). Then, the Comprehensive Evaluation Theory (Coupling Coordination Theory, CCT) is combined with the Shared Mobility Service Evaluation Cube based on User Experience (UX). Furthermore, the Evaluation Model for Shared Mobility Service (EM-SMS) is proposed, and its application is verified. This research provides a new perspective for the comprehensive evaluation of shared mobility services and lays a theoretical foundation for further promoting the in-depth development of shared mobility services. The application test proves that the Shared mobility service Evaluation Cube based on User Experience (UX) proposed in this study is feasible. Moreover, it can effectively solve the uncertainty of evaluators when scoring and obtaining relatively objective evaluation results, which have particular theoretical and practical value. 공유경제가 지속적으로 발전하면서 세계적으로 공유 모빌리티 서비스가 운영되기 시작하였다. 모바일 인터넷과 전통적인 출행 방식을 결합해여 공유 모빌리티 서비스는 기존 장점을 충분히 활용하고, 교통 효율을 개선하며, 더 많은 사람이 출행할 수 있도록 빠른 서비스를 제공한다. 공유 모빌리티 서비스는 지속 가능한 새로운 형태의 교통 서비스로, 서비스의 중심은 경제, 환경, 사회 등 많은 요소가 수반되는 사용자 경험이다. 공유 모빌리티 서비스의 성능을 측정하고 평가할 필요가 있다. 따라서 시대가 발전함에 따라 공유 모빌리티 서비스는 서비스의 사용자 경험에 대한 연구에 더 중점을 두어야 한다. 기존 공유 모빌리티 서비스 평가방법은 대부분 기업 입장에서 출발해 공유 모빌리티 서비스의 경제적 성과에 초점을 맞추고, 사용자의 관심을 무시한 채 공유 모빌리티 서비스의 수익성에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 기업 간 기술격차가 줄어들면서 기술혁신을 통한 기업 간 경쟁은 무용지물이다. 요즘은 디자인과 사용자 경험의 향상을 기업의 핵심 강점으로 여기는 경쟁 방식이 주류가 되었다. '체험 경제'의 시대가 왔다. 서비스의 고유한 가치 체계와 삶의 방식은 제품 사용에서 얻은 경험을 강조해야 한다. 따라서 사용자 입장에서는 공유 모빌리티 서비스의 사용자 경험은 매우 복잡한 집합이므로 공유 모빌리티 서비스의 사용자 경험이 무엇인지, 단일의 정량적 또는 정성적 실험을 통해 어떤 구조로 구성되어 있는지 판단하기 어렵다. 따라서 양적 방법과 질적 방법을 결합하여 공유 모빌리티 서비스 사용자 경험의 종합 평가 모델을 구축할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 공유 모빌리티 서비스를 사용자 경험 디자인의 관점에서 고찰하여 공유 모빌리티 서비스의 디자인나 최적화를 명확하게 이해할 수 있도록 공유 모빌리티 서비스의 사용자 경험을 평가하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 공유 모빌리티 서비스를 정확하게 최적화하여 사용자의 요구를 충족하고 사용자 경험을 개선하기 위한 서비스의 결함 및 향후 최적화 방향을 파악한다. 이를 위해 공유 모빌리티 서비스에서 사용자 경험의 요소 및 구조를 분석하고, UX를 기반으로 한 공유 모빌리티 서비스 평가 큐브를 개발하며, 마지막으로 공유 모빌리티 서비스 평가 모델(EM-SMS)을 구축해야 한다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 다음과 같은 연구를 수행하였다. (1) 공유 모빌리티 서비스의 사용자 경험 요소 고찰 첫째, 수집된 데이터를 심층 분석하고 공유 모빌리티 서비스에서의 사용자 경험과 관련된 요소를 추출한다. 둘째, Delphi Method를 활용하여 전문가 평가를 실시하고 공유 모빌리티 서비스에서 수집된 사용자 경험 요소를 사전 수정 및 정리하여 후속 평가 큐브 구축에 대비한다. (2) 공유 모빌리티 서비스의 사용자 경험 요소 선별 및 사용자 경험 기반 공유 모빌리티 서비스 평가 큐브 구축 이 단계에서는 수정된 공유 모빌리티 서비스 내 사용자 경험 요소의 가중치를 측정하기 위해 AHP 및 EWM 두 가지 통계적 분석 방법을 사용한다. 둘째, 가중치 피팅 방법 CWC와 가중치 상관 연구 방법BWP을 이용하여 주관적 가중치와 객관적 가중치를 맞추고 마지막으로 공유 모빌리티 서비스에서 사용자 경험 요소를 결정한 후 사용자 경험을 기반으로 공유 모빌리티 서비스 평가 큐브를 구축한다. (3) 공유 모빌리티 서비스 평가모델 구축 첫째, 통합평가 이론 CCT는 사용자경험 기반의 공유 모빌리티 서비스 평가 큐브와 결합하여 공유 모빌리티 서비스의 사용자경험 설계를 위한 예비 평가 모델을 구축한다. 둘째, 평가모델은 기존 3개 서비스('Idygo' Car-sharing Service, 'hello-inc' Shared Electric Vehicle Service과 'DIDI BIKE' Shared Vehicle Service)로 검증하여 모델의 타당성을 검증한다. 마지막으로, 예비 평가 모델을 수정하여 공유 모빌리티 서비스(EM-SMS)를 위한 평가 모델을 수립한다. 본 연구는 먼저 공유 모빌리티 서비스 평가모델을 연구 대상으로 삼고, 공유 모빌리티 서비스에서의 사용자경험 구성을 명확히 하고, 사용자경험(UX)을 기반으로 공유 모빌리티 서비스 평가 큐브를 구축한다. 그런 다음, 사용자 경험(UX)을 기반으로 한 공유 모빌리티 서비스 평가 큐브에 종합 평가 이론 CCT를 결합하고, 공유 모빌리티 서비스 평가 모델(EM-SMS)을 제안하고, 그 적용을 검증한다. 본 연구는 공유 모빌리티 서비스의 종합적 평가를 위한 새로운 관점을 제시하고 공유 모빌리티 서비스의 심층적 발전을 더욱 촉진하기 위한 이론적 토대를 마련한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 사용자경험(UX) 기반의 공유 모빌리티 서비스 평가 큐브는 적용시험이 가능하다는 것을 입증한다. 또한 특히 이론적, 실무적 가치가 있는 비교적 객관적인 평가 결과를 채점하고 얻을 때 평가자의 불확실성을 효과적으로 해소할 수 있다.

A Study on the Efficiency of Public Services Expenditure of Local Government in China : - Focused on 21 Cities in Guangdong Province-

임대가 세한대학교 대학원 2022 국내박사

Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China's economy has shown explosive growth. As the leader of reform and opening up, Guangdong's economic level has ranked first in China all the year round. However, with the continuous enhancement of its economic strength, its social development is full of great vitality but also contains different degrees of social contradictions. After solving the problem of food and clothing, the people have put forward higher requirements for public services such as education, culture, medical and health care, social security and welfare. The contradiction between the comprehensive and rapid growth of the people's demand for public services and the low efficiency of inadequate public services has become a prominent problem in the new era and the new stage of Guangdong Province. After the people have solved the problem of food and clothing, they have put forward higher requirements on public services such as education, culture, health care, social security, and welfare. The contradiction between the comprehensive and rapid growth of the people's demand for public services and the low efficiency of inadequate public services has become a prominent problem in the new era and the new stage of Guangdong Province. The paper is developed based on such a research context. This paper takes 21 cities in Guangdong Province as the research object, and uses the Entropy method to construct a public service expenditure indicator system including four levels of people’s livelihood social security level, people’s livelihood medical benefit level, people’s livelihood education benefit level, and urbanization level. The public service expenditure efficiency value of Guangdong Province in 21 cities in 2020 was calculated through DEA Model, and the spatial pattern of the public service expenditure efficiency value was discussed and analyzed through the spatial autocorrelation method. The conclusion shows that: First, the synthesize public service expenditure efficiency in Guangdong Province is good, the public expenditure in 21 prefecture-level cities is basically in a state of benign development. There are relatively large differences between cities, which shows that the differences between cities in the production factors of public services are relatively large. Therefore, combined with the calculation results of spatial autocorrelation, it is very necessary to integrate regions between cities in space, so as to build a cluster management center of public service expenditure. Second, the scale efficiency of public service expenditure in 21 prefecture-level cities is superior, and the fluctuation range of scale efficiency is obviously stable compared with that of technical efficiency and pure technology efficiency, indicating that the scale development of public services in Guangdong Province is relatively stable. However, the scale remuneration of 21 prefecture-level cities is mainly concentrated on the decreasing scale, which is due to the large production scale. It is difficult to get effective coordination in all aspects, thus reducing the production efficiency. Third, From the perspective of technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency, it was also found that, ‘Double high’ Double high: Technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency are both at the high value cities are mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta, ‘Double low’ Double low: Technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency are both at low values cities are mainly in eastern and western Guangdong. However, this study also found that in the ‘Pearl River Delta field, where Double high‘ gathers, some cities have low efficiency values, and even ’Double low’ cities, such as in the ‘Pearl River Delta, where Double high’ gathers, Zhaoqing City is a ‘Double low’ state; On the contrary, high values of efficiency values also appeared in the ‘Double low’ clustered western and eastern Guangdong, such as Maoming in the west and Chaozhou in the east. Combined with the results of spatial autocorrelation method, it proves that High-low agglomeration is presented in the eastern space of Guangdong and western Guangdong, and low-High agglomeration is presented in the northwest space of the Pearl River Delta. Therefore, the study believes that the cities presenting agglomeration should be combined into a regional public service cluster center. On the basis of the above research conclusions, the paper puts forward suggestions on how to improve the efficiency of public service expenditure in Guangdong Province. First, improve efficiency evaluation and standardize the scale. Secondly, reduce needless official spending and establish an efficient government. Last, continue to promote the regional cluster development process of public services in Guangdong.

Assessment of Agricultural Supply Chain Finance Model: Focus on Jilin Province China

Ju, Wen 강원대학교 대학원 2023 국내석사

현 단계에서 중국의 주요한 모순은 더 나은 삶에 대한 사람들의 열망 및 발전과 부족 사이의 불균형 사이의 모순으로 변화되였다. 현재 도시와 농촌의 큰 격차는 의심할 여지없이 중국의 주요한 모순으로 인해 가장 큰 타격을 받고 있다. 지난 20년 간의 중앙 1호 문서를 살펴보면 농촌 금융 부문의 개혁이 더욱 더 정부의 주요 계획의 대상이 되어왔다. 2017년 길림성은 농촌재정개혁 시범성으로 선정되어 국가농촌재정개혁 시범구의 기능을 수행하였다. 농촌금융의 효율적 발전은 농촌활성화 촉진에 근본적인 역할을 한다. 길림성의 토지자원, 농업 인프라, 농업 및 농촌고용자들은 상당한 비교우위를 가지고 있다. 길림성은 길림성 내 농촌 금융에 이용될 수 있도록 농업공급사슬금융 개발을 우선 순위를 두었다. 개발은 참조 및 평가 기준을 위한 매우 진보된 모델을 제공한다. 길림성 농업공급사슬금융 발전의 운영방식은 아직 탐색단계에 있지만 그 발전경험은 상대적으로 뚜렷한 대표적인 특징을 가지고 있다. 개발 유형은 중국 농업 공급사슬 금융의 개발에 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 본 논문의 구체적인 구성은 다음과 같다. 제1장은 서론으로 주로 길림성 농업 공급사슬 금융 효과의 평가 및 개발 모델 연구의 기초, 국내외 연구 상황, 주요 연구 내용, 연구 방법, 연구 혁신 포인트 및 연구 기술 경로를 설명한다. 제2장은 문헌 고찰과 이론적 근거이다. 농업공급사슬금융 등의 관련 문헌을 위주로 정리하고, 정보비대칭이론, 거래비용이론, 공급사슬관리 등의 기초이론을 해설한다. 제3장은 길림성 농업공급사슬금융의 개요이다. 길림성의 농업공급사슬금융의 주요 유형과 문제점 및 주요 원인을 소개한다. 제4장에서는 길림성 농업공급사슬금융의 주요 모델을 선정하고 길림성 농업공급사슬금융 주요 모델에 대한 실증 연구 모델을 구축한다. 제5장에서는 길림성 농업공급사슬금융의 주요 모델을 평가하고 데이터와 지표를 선정하여 계량경제모델을 사용하여 평가하고 실증분석결과를 제시한 다음 본 연구의 결론을 제시한다. 제6장에서는 길림성 농업공급사슬금융의 발전을 위한 건의를 제안하고 길림성 농업공급사슬금융의 건전하고 신속한 발전을 보장하기 위한 합리적인 발전 모델을 제시한다. 본 논문은 다음의 네 가지 결론을 도출한다. 첫째, 현재 길림성 농업공급사슬금융의 발전단계는 비교적 후진적이다. 비록 농업공급사슬금융의 서로 다른 발전 모델을 만들어냈지만 세 가지 발전 모델은 현재까지 이상향에 있어 큰 성과를 내지 못했으며, 길림성에서도 이를 이성적으로 인정해야 한다. 농업공급사슬금융의 개발 상태는 현실에서 출발하여서 길림성 농업 발전의 재정 병목 현상을 돌파해야 한다. 둘째, 농업핵심기업을 더 많이 육성하고 농업산업에서 농업핵심기업의 역할을 발휘 시키며 금융기관과 농업핵심기업의 합리적인 교량을 장려한다. 셋째, “농업, 농촌 지역과 농부들”의 발전에서 금융상품의 큰 역할을 충분히 인식하고 사고를 넓혀서 소유자들로부터 농업에서 금융수단을 올바르고 합리적으로 취급할 것을 요구해야 한다. 넷째, 길림성의 농업공급사슬금융의 문제점에 대해 다음과 같은 조치를 제안한다: 농업공급사슬금융 서비스의 능력 향상; 농업공급사슬에서 핵심 기업의 역할 강화; 농업공급사슬금융 시설의 건설에 적극적 참여; 농업공급사슬금융 서비스의 생태 건설 구축. The main contradiction in China at this stage has been transformed into the contradiction between the people's longing for a better life and the imbalance between development and insufficiency. At present, the huge gap between urban and rural development is undoubtedly the hardest hit by China's current major contradictions. Looking at the Central No. 1 document in the past two decades, the reform of the rural financial sector has increasingly become the target of the government's key layout. In 2017, Jilin Province was established as a pilot province for rural financial reform, carrying the function of the pilot zone of the national rural financial reform. The efficient development of rural finance plays a fundamental role in promoting rural revitalization. Jilin Province's land resources, agricultural infrastructure, and agricultural and rural employees have significant comparative advantages. Jilin Province gives priority to the development of agricultural supply chain finance, which can be used for rural finance in Jilin Province. Development provides an extremely advanced model for reference and evaluation criteria. Although the operation mode of agricultural supply chain finance development in Jilin Province is in the exploratory stage, its development experience has relatively distinctive representative characteristics. The type of development has guiding significance for the development of China's agricultural supply chain finance. The specific layout of this article is as follows. The first chapter is the introduction, which mainly expounds the basis of the research on the evaluation and development model of agricultural supply chain financial effect in Jilin Province, the research status at home and abroad, the main research contents, research methods, research innovation points and research technology routes. The second chapter is the literature review and theoretical basis. It mainly summarized related literatures such as agricultural supply chain finance, and expounds the basic theories such as information asymmetry theory, transaction cost theory and supply chain management. The third chapter is an overview of agricultural supply chain finance in Jilin Province. It mainly introduces the main types of agricultural supply chain finance in Jilin Province, the problems and main causes of agricultural supply chain finance in Jilin Province. The fourth chapter selects the main model of agricultural supply chain finance in Jilin Province, and builds a model to conduct empirical research on the main models of agricultural supply chain finance in Jilin Province. The fifth chapter evaluates the main models of agricultural supply chain finance in Jilin Province, selects data and indicators and uses the econometric model to evaluate and give empirical analysis results, and then promote the conclusion of this study. The sixth chapter is to promote the suggestions for the development of agricultural supply chain finance in Jilin Province, and propose a reasonable development model to ensure the healthy and rapid development of agricultural supply chain finance in Jilin Province. This thesis draws the following four conclusions. First, the current development stage of agricultural supply chain finance in Jilin Province is relatively junior. Although it has produced different development models of agricultural supply chain finance, the three development models have not yet produced great effects in the ideal, and should be rationally recognized in Jilin Province. The development status of agricultural supply chain finance, starting from reality, breaks through the financial bottleneck of agricultural development in Jilin Province. Second, cultivate more agricultural core enterprises, give play to the role of agricultural core enterprises in the agricultural industry, and encourage the reasonable bridging between financial institutions and agricultural core enterprises. Third, we should fully recognize the great role of financial instruments in the development of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers”, emancipate our minds, and call on agriculture to treat financial instruments correctly and rationally from the owners. Fourthly, the following countermeasures are proposed for the problems of agricultural supply chain finance in Jilin Province: improving the capacity of agricultural supply chain financial services; enhancing the role of core enterprises in the agricultural supply chain; actively participating in the construction of agricultural supply chain financial facilities; Ecological construction of agricultural supply chain financial services.

Evaluating the Competitiveness of major Container Ports in Northern Vietnam

NGUYEN THI HUONG GIANG 인천대학교 동북아물류대학원 2019 국내석사

In the trend of global integration, ports play an increasingly important role in economic development. Nowadays, ports get affected by competition more than ever before, especially in the era of containerization. Thus, it is essential to gain great insights into the competitiveness of container ports as well as its determinants. This research aims to (1) to investigate what are the main factors for evaluating port competitiveness; (2) to compare port competitiveness among major container ports in Northern Vietnam using TOPSIS methodology; (3) to identify the pros and cons of each port. The selection of ports for this assessment relies on the contribution of each port to the total container throughput of the region. Six ports, whose container throughput (TEUs) accounting for nearly 75% of the total, are chosen. Based on comprehensive literature combined with opinions of experts in the industry, there are five key factors influencing the competitive capability of container ports, namely, port throughput, port facilities, port charge, port location, and port service quality. These evaluating criteria consisting of 19 sub-criteria are weighted by adopting an objective weighting technique, so-called the Entropy algorithm. The results reveal that the facility is the most critical determinants of port competitiveness, followed by port throughput, port service quality, port charge, and port location. On the basis of the TOPSIS method, the competitive ranking of six container ports is unveiled as well. VIP Green and Tan Vu are the top two of leading ports. All of them are newly-developed container ports expected to improve the developments of the region and the nation. Besides, from the results of each criterion’s analysis, the strengths and weaknesses in the competitiveness of each port are highlighted. This research contributes to the literature of port competitiveness by proposing an approach combined both quantitative and qualitative evaluations. Furthermore, the outcomes of the study shed some light on the current competitiveness of main northern container ports, hopefully providing effective implications for port management and strategy design.

The Influencing Factors and Improvement Paths of Residents' Financial Literacy under the Background of Digital Finance : A Case Study of China

HU FANG 우송대학교 일반대학원 2023 국내박사