Organizational structure and internal communication as antecedents of employee-organization relationships in the context of organizational justice : a multilevel analysis

김효숙 Graduate School of the University of Maryland, Col 2005 해외박사

One research direction that is needed but has not been fully exploited in studies of organization-public relationships is research on the antecedents of relationships. The antecedents of relationships are the first stage of the relationship framework, for they are what cause specific relationships between an organization and its publics to develop. The purpose of this study was to explore possible antecedents of internal relationships in organizations. I examined the direct and indirect influences of organizational structure and internal communication on employee-organization relationships using organizational justice as a mediating factor. Organizational justice is a relatively recently developed but widely used concept in organizational studies that refers to the extent to which people perceive organizational events as being fair. This study was a typical example of multilevel research in that it gathered and summarized individual-level data to operationalize organizational-level constructs such as organizational structure and internal communication. The multilevel nature of the main constructs of this study was addressed by using the multilevel analysis method. Data were collected by conducting a survey of about 1,200 employees in 31 Korean organizations. I used hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), which is a type of random coefficient model and is specifically designed to accommodate nested or multilevel data structure, to test the cross-level hypotheses of this study. The findings suggested that organizational structure and the system of internal communication were associated with employee-organization relationships, playing the role of antecedents of internal relationships. More specifically, asymmetrical communication was negatively related to employees’ commitment, trust, and satisfaction. Also it was shown that symmetrical communication was associated positively with communal relationships. Lastly, organic structure was negatively related to exchange relationships and positively related to trust and control mutuality. On the other hand, organizational justice was associated with organizational structure and internal communication as well as with employee-organization relationships. Organizational justice also mediated the effects of symmetrical communication and organizational structure on communal relationships and four relationship outcomes (control mutuality, trust, commitment, and satisfaction), implying that symmetrical communication and organic structure can contribute to building quality relationships when they are combined with fair behavior by management

실내용 가시광 통신 시스템 시뮬레이션 연구

응구엔 쾅 후이 조선대학교 일반대학원 2010 국내석사

초 록 실내용 가시광 통신 시스템 시뮬레이션 연구 응구엔 쾅 후이 지도 교수 : 이 충 규 조선대학교 대학원 전자공학과 실내 가시광 통신은 많은 통신 방법들 중 하나이다. 최근 수 십년동안, LED (Light Emitting Diode)를 이용한 통신 시스템이 연구되었다. 이것은 미래 발전을 위한 매우 획기적인 것이다. LED는 저전력 소자이고 단가가 매우 저렴하며, 밝은 광도를 낼 수 있기 때문에, 이러한 장점을 구비한 LED를 사용함으로써, 사람들은 전력 및 에너지에 관한 많은 문제를 해결할 수 있을 것이다. 최근 유럽 및 일본을 중심으로 한 연구팀들이 이러한 조명용 LED를 조명용 광원 뿐만 아니라 통신 모듈로 이용하여 실내 무선 통신 시스템에 적용하기 위한 연구들이 수행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 보다 더 현실적으로 LED를 이용한 실내 가시광 무선통신 시스템의 성능을 향상시키기 위한 연구를 위한 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 MATLAB 및 Simulink 소프트웨어를 사용하여 개발한다. 이것은 각각의 장애물인 벽에 의한 반사성분과 송신기의 위치에 관하여 기본적으로 고려한다. 송신기의 위치와 반사 값에 관하여 Lambertian 패턴 효과를 가정하여, 광파워 분포 및 RMS delay spread 등에 대한 분포특성을 보여준다. 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 사용함으로써 광분포와 RMS delay spread는 바닥 표면에서 분석된다. 데이터 전송 또한 데이터 변조에 따른 파형계산과 잡음성분, 반사성분, 광학필터 등 실내 가시광 통신을 위해 가정된 요소들을 고려하여 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 개발한다. MATLAB 및 simulink 에 의한 이 시뮬레이션 프로그램은 실내 가시광 통신을 위한 데이터 전송 상태와 결과를 통해, 실내 가시광 무선통신 시스템 실험을 위한 설계과정에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. ABSTRACT Simulation of indoor visible light communication system Nguyen, Quang Huy Advisor : Prof. Lee, Chung Ghiu, Ph.D. Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University. Visible light communication is one of a new way for communication. In recent decades, communication using Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) was studied, and it was immediately auspicious for many developments in the future. Using LEDs, people can solve many problem relate the investment of power, saving the energy, high properly, commercial and safe for human. Nowadays, in the wireless communication system for indoor environment, LEDs is used not only as a lighting device, but also as a communication device. For improving the system of wireless indoor using LEDs more and more realistic, in this thesis, I report a simulation program for indoor visible light communication environment based on MATLAB and Simulink. The program considers the positions of the transmitters and the reflections at each wall. Assuming the effect of Lambertian pattern at the transmitters and reflected points. Some results can be compared with research of Prof. Nakagawa and will show a deeply effects of Lambertian pattern at reflected point. By using the simulation program, the distributions of illuminance and root-mean-square delay spread are analyzed at bottom surface. A data transmission is also simulated by using all of assumption parameters for indoor communication such as: data modulation format, noise, reflection modeling, optical filter …The dynamic simulation program supported by Matlab/simulink was made to show the operation of data transmission for indoor communication system.

Communication et metacommunication : Le plaisir theatral

Suh, Myung Soo Universite Lumiere Lyon II 1992 해외박사

본 연구는 연극작품의 창조(그의 수용을 동시에 포함하는)가 주어진 컨텍스트 아래서 다양한 참여자들에 의한 집단적 활동의 결과라는 점에서 커뮤니케이션(메타커뮤니케이션)의 과정이고, 바로 이 사실에 관심을 가지고 출발하였다. 논문은 크게 이론(연극 커뮤니케이션에 대한 이론화 작업)과 분석(이론의 타당성과 그 유효성을 희곡의 분석을 통해 증명)의 두 단계로 구성되어 있다. 이론의 단계는 다시 세 부분으로 나뉘어 진다. 그 첫 부분에서 우리는 인간상호간의 커뮤니케이션(communication interpersonnelle)관한 일반 이론을 검토하고 비판하여 연극의 커뮤니케이션에서 중요한 조작적 개념들(concepts operatifs)을 추출해 내었다. 두번째 부분에서는 연극(특히 희곡)의 기원, 희곡이 가지고 있는 상연잠재성, 연극작품 창조의 주체자들과 연극이 주는 즐거움에 관해 논의 하면서 앞의 조작적 개념들의 타당성 여부를 재검토하고 연극은 커뮤니케이션의 과정임을 밝힌다. 첫째로 희곡은 커뮤니케이션에 있어서 두 층위를 내포하고 있다. 하나는 등장인물들 사이에서 이루어지는 작품 내부적인 층위와 다른 하나는 작품(상연된 또는 읽혀진)과 독자(관객) 사이에서 이루어지는 작품 외부적인 층위이다. 그러나 연극의 커뮤니케이션은 허구적인 이야기를 전제로 이루어지기 때문에 그렇게 간단한 도식으로 설명되지는 않는다. 각각의 층위는 극성(허구성)의 인식이라는 메타의 층위(메타커뮤니케이션)로 또 싸여있다. 희곡은 바로 이렇게 겹겹이 싸인 커뮤니케이션의 층위들이 글쓰기ecriture로 구체화된 것이다. 첫 단계의 마지막 부분은 커뮤니케이션의 도구가 되는 언어와 그 언어를 분석하는 방법에 대해 이론적으로 탐구하였다. 전통미학적이고 문학적인 접근방법에 대한 검증과 함께 최근의 인문사회과학의 여러 업적들 중에서 특히 기호학, 화용론(언어학), 상징적 상호주의 ·미시사회학 ·민속지학(사회학), 팔로알토학파(심리학)의 이론들을 총 망라하여 극텍스트의 분석에 필요한 새로운 방법을 찾아내었다. 두번째 분석의 단계에서는 우리가 첫 이론의 단계에서 도출해낸 개념들과 방법들을 이용하여 실제로 극텍스트를 분석하였다. 극텍스트가 내포하는 내적 ·외적 커뮤니케이션의 층위에 대한 분석과 함께 또 각각의 층위에 동반된 메타커뮤니케이션의 층위를 분석하였다. 이런 분석을 통해 우리는 쟝 아누이 외에도 프랑스의 여러 극작가들의 극작술을 논리적이고 체계적으로 드러내었을 뿐만 아니라, 우리의 연극적 커뮤니케이션 이론이 실제적이고 관여적이며 또 효과적이라는 사실을 증명하였다. 연극을 커뮤니케이션이라는 관점에서 연구하는 것은 연극이라는 현상을 통시-공시적으로 이해하고 나아가 작품의 창조에도 직접적으로 이용할 수 있는 가능성을 제시해준다.

福音化를 위한 COMMUNICATION 考察

문병구 光州가톨릭大學校 大學院 2005 국내석사

“너희는 가서 이 세상 모든 사람들을 내 제자로 삼아 아버지와 아들과 성령의 이름으로 세례를 베풀고 너희에게 명한 모든 것을 지키도록 가르쳐라(마태 28,19-20).” “가톨릭 교회는 모든 사람에게 구원을 전해 주기 위하여 주 그리스도께로부터 창설되었으므로 반드시 복음을 전파해야 한다는 책임을 느끼며 동시에 구원의 소식을 전하는 데에 매스 미디어도 이용하고 또 그것들의 올바른 사용에 대하여 가르치는 것을 스스로의 의무로 여긴다(매스 미디어 교령 3항).” 교회는 세상의 복음화라는 선교 사명에 따라 복음을 전하는 데에 특히 커뮤니케이션 매체들을 활용하여 복음을 전파하고, 믿는 이들의 삶이 변화되는 복음화를 위해 노력해 왔다. 그래서 교회는 제2차 바티칸 공의회 문헌인 ‘매스 미디어 교령’을 발표하였고, 그 뒤로 ‘일치와 발전’, ‘새로운 시대’, ‘커뮤니케이션 윤리’, ‘교회와 인터넷’, ‘인터넷 윤리’ 등의 사목 훈령을 발표하였다. 교회는 이러한 교령과 훈령을 통하여 커뮤니케이션 매체를 하느님의 선물로 보았고, 이를 올바르게 선용하여 세상의 복음화를 이루고자 하였다. 커뮤니케이션은 인간과 인간, 인간과 환경, 환경과 환경 사이에서 공통적으로 이해된 관계를 수단으로 하여 어떤 것을 전달하는 과정이다. 이것은 하느님과 인간 사이의 관계에서도 마찬가지이다. 구약시대에는 성조들과 예언자들을 통하여 당신의 뜻을 전달하셨고, 마지막에는 당신의 외아들을 세상에 보내시어 당신을 계시하셨다. 세상의 구세주로 오신 그리스도께서는 당신의 말씀과 행적을 통하여 하늘나라의 기쁜 소식을 가르쳐 주셨다. 예수 그리스도에 의해 창설된 교회는 하느님의 계시가 전달되는 곳으로서 성경, 성전, 전례, 성사, 교부들과 학자들의 저술 등을 통하여 계시 진리를 전달받고 전달하는 매개체의 역할을 하고 있다. 커뮤니케이션 매체는 구전 문화, 인쇄 매체 시대, 전자 매체 시대로 발전되어 왔다. 이것은 발전에 따른 구분이지만 이들 매체는 지금도 계속 활용되고 있다. 특히 전자 매체 시대에서 인터넷의 위력은 대단하다. 구전 문화나 인쇄 매체가 일방통행식이었다면 인터넷 매체는 쌍방향 커뮤니케이션이 가능한 매체이다. 교회는 복음을 전하는 데에 이러한 매체들을 적극 활용하여야 한다. 복음화는 그리스도를 알지 못하는 이들에게 복음을 전하고 교회로 인도하며, 교회의 구성원들에게 내적 삶의 변화를 통해 하느님의 구원계획에 따라 더욱 완전한 그리스도인으로 성장하고 성숙할 수 있도록 이끌어 주는 것이다. 교회의 입장에서 커뮤니케이션의 출발점은 삼위일체의 가르침에서 출발한다. ‘신학적 측면’에서의 커뮤니케이션은 삼위일체의 신비, 나눔, 사랑, 일치를 염두에 두면서 커뮤니케이션에 접근한다. ‘교회적 측면’에서의 커뮤니케이션은 교회는 그 자체로 신앙의 역사이며, 이러한 역사가 바로 커뮤니케이션이라고 보는 것이다. 교회는 사랑과 나눔을 실천하는데 이 나눔이 곧 커뮤니케이션이 된다. ‘교리적 측면’에서의 커뮤니케이션은 교리가 개개인이 종교적인 측면에서 자신의 생활 자체를 재조명해 볼 수 있도록 이끌어 주는 것이다. ‘사목적 측면’에서의 커뮤니케이션은 공동체를 형성하고 귀속감을 갖게 해 주는 것이며, ‘문화적 측면’에서의 커뮤니케이션은 전통적인 가치관과 사고방식을 존중하면서 교회가 지향하는 공동체의 형성을 이끌어 주는 것이다. ‘사회적 측면’에서의 커뮤니케이션은 인류의 궁극적 목표가 되는 하느님 왕국 건설을 위한 커뮤니케이션의 역할을 살펴보는 것이다. 세상의 복음화라는 사명에 비추어 우리 나라 전체 인구 대비 가톨릭 신자 비율은 9.1%에 머물고 있다. 개신교 신자들까지 합해도 30% 정도를 차지하고 있으며 무종교인도 46%나 되는 것을 감안한다면 세상의 복음화를 위한 교회의 역할은 더욱 커져야 한다. 교회는 각종 인쇄 매체, 방송 매체, 인터넷 등을 통하여 더욱 적극적으로 선교 사명에 임해야 한다. 그리고 주교들과 사목자들은 커뮤니케이션 매체들을 적극적으로 활용하여야 하고, 커뮤니케이션 매체의 시설, 인력, 재정 등을 확보하여 복음화의 효과를 높이고, 다양한 매체들에 대한 교육과 훈련, 홍보활동, 복음화를 위한 프로그램 개발 등을 통하여 세상의 복음화 사명을 완수해야 한다. 커뮤니케이션을 통한 복음화가 곧 나눔이요, 사랑이요, 일치요, 희생이며, 이것을 통해 공동체가 형성되고, 인류의 발전을 가져오며 나아가서 하느님 왕국을 건설한다고 보았을 때, 커뮤니케이션의 중요성은 매우 크다 할 것이다. 따라서 커뮤니케이션에 대한 올바른 이해가 전제될 때 복음이 이질의 문화 속으로 충돌없이 스며들 수 있으며, 복음이 이미 전파된 지역에서는 복음적 생활로 재복음화 될 수 있는 것이다. 그리고 복음화의 매체인 매스 미디어가 적시 적소에 적절히 사용될 때 그것은 바로 복음화의 사명을 수행하는 것뿐만 아니라 그 자체가 바로 인류의 발전을 가져온다. 따라서 우리가 하느님의 말씀을 잘 듣게 될 때 말씀은 내 안에서 살게 되고 행동의 변화를 가져오며 은총을 체험하게 해 준다. 그것이 구원의 삶이고 말씀을 통한 해방과 자유인 것이다. “Go, therefore, make disciples of all nations; baptise them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teach them to observe all the commands I gave you.”(Mt 28,19-20). “The Catholic Church has been commissioned by the Load Christ to bring salvation to every man, and is consequently bound to proclaim the gospel. Hence she judges it part of her duty to preach the news of redemption with the aid of the instruments of social communication, and to instruct mankind as well in their worthy use .”(Inter Mirifica 3) The Church which has the mission of the evangelization of the world and when fulfilling this mission of proclaiming the Gospel strives to use in a special manner various mediums of communication to help the faithful change their lives according to the Gospel. The Church has published in the Documents of the Vatican Ⅱ, “The Decree on the instruments of social communication,” and issued thereafter the following pastoral instructions: “Communion and Progress”, “The New State of Things”, “Ethics and the Social Means of Communication”, “The Church and the Internet” and “Ethics and Internet.” The Church has thus through this Decree and these Instructions showed that the “mass means of communication” are a gift from God and that if we use them with proper care, the Evangelization of the world will come about. Communication is the process of conveying a message, in the normally understood relationship, between people and people, between people and the environment and finally between the environment and the environment. This is similar to the relationship between God and his people. In the Old Testament, God communicated his intentions through Sacred Authors and Prophets and He informed us of his intentions in our times by sending his only Son into the world. Through the deeds and words of the Savior of the World, Jesus Christ, he taught the Good News of the Kingdom of Heaven. Through the writings of the Church Fathers and Doctors of the Church, the Church established by Jesus Christ, has become the locus and mediation point of the revealed transmission of Scripture, of sacred buildings (cathedrals), of the Liturgy and of the Sacraments, that is, Revealed Truth, proclaimed and received. Communication has been developed from the time of oral culture passing to the age of print and finally to the electronic age. Even though this is a historical description of the development of communication, elements of each period still exist today. And especially in the electronic age, the power of Internet has become most noteworthy. While oral transmission and print are a one-way method of communication, the internet is a two-way communication instrument. The Church has to use this medium to preach the Gospel. Evangelization is the proclamation of Jesus Christ to those who do not know Him and leads them into the Church and evangelization leads those-already-assembled-in-the-Church to become perfect Christians and come to adulthood and maturity through internal change in their lives. From the point of view of the Church, the derivative source of communication is the Trinity. From the point of view of Theology, communication starts from the Trinity, from sharing, from love, from a mindset which gradually moves towards greater unity. From the point of view of the Church, communication is the desire of the Church to communicate itself through the historical content of its faith and the transmission of this faith is communication itself. The sharing of Church- love and sharing put into practice is what is being communicated. From the point of view of Doctrine, communication leads each person to re-examine his or her life according to the teaching offered. From a Pastoral Angle, communication forms the Church, imparts a sense of coming home. From a Cultural Angle, communication respects traditional values and thinking and leads to the formation of a community according to the thinking of the Church. Social science examines the role of communication from the point of view of establishing the Kingdom of Heaven, which is humanitys ultimate goal. In the light of the mission of the evangelization of the world, Catholics number only 9.1% of the entire Korean population. With the Protestants counted in, Christians account for only 30% of the population. 46% of the population is therefore non-evangelized in Korea. In the light of this, it seems evident that if the evangelization of the world is to come about we have intensify the role of the Church. The Church should fulfill its missionary duty through a positive use of various publications, the broadcasting media and the Internet. The bishops and priests should make a full positive use the communication media and assure that there are sufficient human resources, finances and equipment to assure a successful endeavor, that is, to ensure that the efficiency standard of evangelization be high. And so there must be education and training in the use of various mediums of communication, training in advertisement so that a program of evangelization can be developed, which will effectively bring about the Evangelization of the world. Evangelization via the communication media is sharing, love, unity and sacrifice and through this the community is formed, human development progresses and the Kingdom of Heaven is established. It is here that we see the importance of the mass media communication. Therefore if we understand the role of communication correctly, we see its importance and understand that its prerequisite is of great importance. We also understand that the Gospel can be inserted into a heterogeneous culture without conflict and that where the Gospel has already been proclaimed there can come about an authentic gospel life. If the mass media the medium of evangelization- is wisely used, that is, at the right time and at the right place, it will not only fulfill the mission of evangelization but also bring about the development of man. Therefore when we can hear profoundly the Word of God, we will live within his Word and there will be a change in our behavior and we will experience Gods grace. This is the salvation of life and through Gods Word, a freeing and a liberation.

End-of-Life Communication in Veterinary Medicine

McCracken, Bonnie Joy State University of New York at Buffalo 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Veterinary medicine is unique in that end-of-life procedures are typically owner-witnessed and often include the administration of euthanasia. Euthanizing an owner's pet requires veterinarians to be equipped with technical communication skills when interacting with owners and administering the procedure. Research indicates practicing veterinarians have received little to no end-of-life communication skills training in their formal education. In addition, scholars and professionals have often relied on anecdotal evidence based on experience when outlining communication strategies appropriate for use by veterinarians in the end-of-life setting. The present study details the communication strategies of veterinarians in the context of end-of-life interactions (e.g., bad news delivery, euthanasia procedures, grief support). Forty-four interviews were conducted with practicing veterinarians to gain an understanding of their experience and training in difficult communication. Participants include experienced small animal practitioners, emergency care specialists, palliative care and hospice providers, and novice practitioners recently out of veterinary school. General themes emerged regarding the type of communication training received, end-of-life communication strategies, and supportive communication strategies. Findings indicate veterinarians receive three forms of communication training: formal, informal, and experiential, with the majority receiving experiential training and informal training being the second most frequently endorsed method of learning. Nineteen end-of-life communication strategies were grouped into three categories: bad news delivery, euthanasia, and general strategies that can be applied to either bad news delivery and/or euthanasia. The most prominent end-of-life communication strategies utilized by veterinarians include references to the pet's overall quality of life and acknowledgment of whether the pet is suffering. Four supportive strategies were identified: provision of tangible support, informational support, emotional support, and the use of immediacy behaviors to communicate empathy and comfort. Tangible support in the form of sympathy cards and sentimental gifts was the most prominent supportive strategy utilized by veterinarians. This study contributes to the field of veterinary medicine by increasing understanding of end-of-life communication during veterinary-client-patient interactions and by providing strategies currently utilized for practical application within the Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) curriculum.

Communication networks for social mobilization in marginalized populations: The case of the antimining Mayan movement in Guatemala

GarciaRuano, Karina J Michigan State University 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This study analyzes the role of networked communication for social mobilization in marginalized populations. Although the potential of the new technologies to build networks and mobilize power has been shown in empirical research (e.g., Castells, 2007; Juris, 2008), the empowerment of citizens to use these networked communications effectively cannot be taken for granted. Marginalization conditions, such as poverty, sociopolitical exclusion, and limited access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) may affect people's capability to successfully use networked communication to voice their demands. Using a combination of qualitative methodologies, this research develops a case study of the Mayan movement against mining and natural resources exploitation in Guatemala to examine under which conditions excluded populations, such as rural indigenous communities, use networked communication to mobilize power. Specifically, ethnographic research was conducted from November 2011 to December 2012 in Mayan communities in the Western highlands, where the movement has mainly developed. Results show that Mayan communities in Guatemala have implemented networked communication using self-tailored, integrated communication toolboxes containing a combination of interpersonal, traditional, and digital media that respond to their goals and cultural values. Networked communication has proved crucial to the development of strategies in two ways: a) internal strategies, empowering communities despite their marginalization through strategic outputs, such as resource sharing, citizen journalism, and collective action coordination; and b) external strategies, articulating support with allies at a local, national and international level to gather external resources, exert more pressure to influence elites' decisions, and to get protection against political persecution. Networked communication was found to be successful in furthering mobilization goals within the movement, but limited in influencing decision making outside the movement. On one hand, networked communication showed empowers marginalized communities, reinforcing key mobilization aspects, such as group cohesion, collective efficacy, and social capital. Moreover, networks are used as a strategy of pressure and self-protection, aiming to gain support internationally to exert more pressure and get protection nationally. On the other hand, repressive measures used by political elites in Guatemala limit the opportunities of the Mayan communities to further their mobilization goals. Ineffective dialogue and political persecution against indigenous leaders dull the potential of the Mayan movement to influence corporate and political decision-making, resulting in increasing social conflict, violence, and even deaths, consequentially harming the already fledging Guatemalan democracy. This investigation concludes proposing a "decalogue of empowering networked communication" for mobilization in marginalized communities based on the Mayan case that may be applied in populations under similar conditions in other sites of the world (i.e., emergent democracies, developing countries, multicultural societies).

"They Don't Get the Respect they Should": An examination of visual communication disciplinary practices in composition and the biological sciences

Zimmerman, Erin Bethany Iowa State University ProQuest Dissertations & The 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This study investigates the similarities and differences of visual communication practices and conventions in the composition and biological sciences disciplines. Although scholars and instructors in Writing across the Curriculum (WAC) and composition have examined disciplinary differences in written communication, little is known about disciplinary differences of visual communication. While writing has been the central focus of composition classes, visuals are often key components of the composing process for individuals working in natural sciences fields like the biological sciences. This dissertation reports the results from a two-part qualitative analysis research project: 1) an examination of how composition and general science-writing textbooks discuss visual communication conventions and 2) an evaluation of interviews with six instructors, three from composition and three from the biological sciences, who discuss their professional use of visuals. Specifically, the terms used to describe visuals, the pedagogical topics covered when teaching visual communication, and the participants' processes for composing and reading visuals were examined. The results indicate that some visual communication practices and conventions appear similarly in both the biological sciences and composition disciplines. These similarities center on instructional goals, practices, and concerns. For instance, the participants recognized the importance of visual communication to effective communication in the disciplines, even though they found gaps in their own instruction, and also observe students struggling with visuals and textbooks lacking strong visuals and visual communication instruction. Meanwhile, differences between and within these two disciplines do appear, which center on reading and composing processes and the instruction of those practices. Because these disciplinary distinctions exist, instruction of visual communication practices also differs across these two disciplines. Notably, though, visuals are crucial components of communication in both disciplines, yet participants in composition and the biological sciences agree that they find a lack of effective visual communication instruction. This examination suggests that as WAC and composition instructors clarify their understanding of the use of visuals in a variety of academic writing contexts, they might enhance students' awareness of visual communication conventions in composition and potentially aid their transfer of visual communication skills from composition courses to those in the biological sciences and other disciplines.

Communication drill과 영어교육

김임득 단국대학교 대학원 1981 국내석사

There are two major theories of language learning: one, based on behavioral psychology, emphasizes pattern practice and memorization and the other, the rationalist approach, attempts to give students the reasons for grammatical phenomena, relating facts about the second language to those about the student's native language. Basic to the theory on which the structural oral approach to language teaching rests is the the idea of language as patterned behavior. The pattern practice plays a key role on the audiolingual approach. Theachers primarily relies on this pattern practice to establish automatic habits powerful enough to overcome interference from the student's native language. The linguistic analyses upon which this approach is founded have revolutionized the teaching of phonology and have greatly contributed to more effective teaching of listening and speaking skills. But the structural approach has perhaps placed too much stress on the mere surface structure of patterns, neglecting the deeper layers of meaning that may underlie them. Let me take an example illustrated by R. Lakoff. (5)? If he eats some candy, I'll punish him severely. (6)? If he eats any candy, I'll give him ten dollars as a reward. The oddness of these sentences cannot ascribed to anything overtly in the sentences themselves, nor even necessarily to anything in the speaker's or the hearer's knowledge of the world. The use of some or any can be properly taught not by a pattern practice but by a cognitive process. Therefore one can not give a rule for the distribution of some and any in sentences of this type. The learner must be informed as to which to use according to his state of mind or his beliefs about things. In language teaching, we should take into consideration the creative aspect of language use, which pattern drill can not cope with. We must also take into account the fact that in real situation what a person says is determined by that situation. In the pattern practice class, the student is not saying what he might want to say but what the teacher requires him to say. Therefore there is a danger that the student will unconscionsly dissociate a practice material from reality, even though he understands its meaning and performs effortlessly. The classroom work could easily develop into a meaningless routine bearing no relationship to the use of English as a means of communication. The communication drill is a method that will adequately bridge the gap between drill situations in the classroom and actual communication situations outside the classroom. The drill is composed of three different stages which will enable the student to communicate in given socio-linguistic situations in an appropriate menner and with acceptable language competence. 1. The manipulative stage consists largely of conventional audio-lingual pattern drills. This stage focuses on the form of the structural features which is being loarned-whether phonological, morphological, or syntactic, or a combination of these. At this stage, the student is not required to struggle with the meaning. He is primarily concerned with gaining the ability to produce in an acceptable manner the structural features being drilled. 2. The cogntive stage, which is also based on a cue-response drill, emphasized on the student's gaining a concept of the underlying semantic choices in using various structures. The contrast drill, at this stage, will help the student to gain a perception of cognitive dimensions of English structures by contrasting new forms with forms that have already been learned. If the teacher uses a variety of contrast drills of different types, then he can better insure the student's ability to choose the appropriate form in a given conversation situation outside of the classroom. The basic idea of this stage has connection with that of R. Lakoff, saying that the process of second language learning appeals to the learner's general ability to "reason, compare data, and generalize". This stage is also concerned with the creativity on which Wilga, M. Rivers emphasized in language learning. 3. The communicative stage aims at bringing the students to the point where they can use in less controlled situations the sentence patterns they have already learned at the manipulative or cognitive stage. This thesis has described and illustrated with examples some typical communication drills of this nature. This study made a model for classroom activity based on communication drill and applied it to the field work. The following points were recognized in this research to verify the effectiveness of communication drill. 1. As shown in the oral test, the students in the research group came to have interest in English and even the students who have comparatively low intelligence quality came to have confidence in learning English. Especially, they began to listen and speak English even though their English is partially incorrect. 2. From an integrative point of view, there was not so much difference between reseach group and comparative group, but communication drill in the research group has a great role in writing, dictation and applied sentence patterns. 3. As shown in the composition test, there are considerably a lot of students who have difficulity in word order and expression caused by interference of their mother tongue. This phenomena seemed to be caused by the shortage of drills in the particular English sentence patterns. Oral practice should precede reading and writing practice in order to prevent trasfer effect from the student's mother tongue. 4. In the process of chain dialogue the students made progress in writing ability when they were given the opportunity to understand the structures of the linguistic data and to make their own sentences in English. 5. The comparative group which was processed with heavy stress on question-answer drill brought about better record than in research group. This means that teaching methodology has a great effect on the record of the students. 6. In the earlier stage, the pronunciation should be put heavy stress on and drilled repeatedly, whenever it makes trouble in their comrehension. It is desirable that vocabulary should be taught in the connected context, not sparately. The profit of communication drill is relief from monotony and boredom. Endliess pettern drills can lose much of their effectiveness as the students begin to learn the pattern. Another feature of communication drill is the possibility of integrating muliple language skill. This approach requires more than speaking and listening ability. It also requires the student to read. Writhing can be built into the technique by requiring, before or after the question-answer and discussion periods, a homework assignment on the structure being taught. Above all, the real value of this drill is still the potential it has to assist the student in transferring the knowledge and skills learned in the classroom to real-life situations. Under the present situation in Korea, there are some problems, of large classes and English teacher's quality. We have no real-life situation in which the students can use the sentence pattern being learned in their classroom activity. But the present situation in Korea needs to put heavy stress on speaking and listening skills of English teaching. I insist that communication drill could be a major methodology in teaching English at the secondary education in Korea.

ICT에 기반한 구성원 간 Communication이 성과에 미치는 영향

곽지원 한국항공대학교 일반대학원 2023 국내석사

Communication between members of an organization that has promoted digitalization of work due to environmental changes is a subject of great interest to both the organization and its members. Although the environmental change caused by COVID-19 has been radical, our organization has tended to increase team collaboration tasks from before, and we have been continuously thinking about communication tools. The purpose of this study is to study the factors that affect the degree of use of the tool and to derive implications by identifying the relationship between the degree of use and performance. The subjects of the study were members of domestic IT, electronics, and telecommunication companies that perform knowledge-intensive tasks. The survey period was conducted for 4 days from December 20 to 23, 2022, and 247 questionnaires were used for analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, team/organization support was found to have a significant effect on communication between members. Second, self-efficacy was found to have a significant effect on communication between members. Third, communication between members did not have a significant effect on performance. As a result, this research topic has received a lot of attention in a rapidly changing environment, but the technology does not significantly affect performance. As a result of these results, in a situation where the proportion of collaboration and non-face-to-face work is increasing, efforts to find factors that ICT-based communication among members leads to performance creation should be made constantly and the trend should be observed. 환경의 변화로 업무의 디지털화가 추진된 조직의 구성원 간 Communication은 조직과 구성원 모두에게 큰 관심의 대상이다. 코로나19로 인한 환경의 변화가 급진적이었지만 우리 조직은 이전부터 팀의 협업 업무가 많아지는 추세였고 Communication 도구에 대한 지속적 고민을 해왔다. 본 연구는 해당 도구의 사용 정도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 연구하고 사용 정도와 성과와의 관계를 파악하여 시사점을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구의 대상은 지식 집약형 업무를 수행하는 국내 IT, 전자, 통신기업의 구성원을 대상으로 하였다. 해당 기업은 국내 대기업 S회사의 IT 계열사, 국내 대기업 L회사의 전자 계열사, 국내 IT 대기업 N회사, 국내 전자 종합 중견기업 H회사, 국내 통신 대기업 K회사이다. 설문 기간은 2022년 12월 20일부터 23일까지 4일 간 진행하였고 247부의 설문을 분석에 사용 하였다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 팀/조직 지원은 구성원 간 Communication에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다. 둘째, 자기 효능감 역시 구성원 간 Communication에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다. 셋째, 구성원 간 Communication은 성과에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이로써, 본 연구 주제는 급변하는 환경 속에서 많은 관심을 받아왔지만 해당 기술은 성과에 크게 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 협업과 비대면 업무의 비중이 늘어나는 상황에서 ICT에 기반한 구성원 간 Communication이 성과 창출로 이어지는 요인을 찾는 노력을 끊임없이 해나아 가야 할 것이고 추이를 지켜보아야 할 것이다.

The Influence of Family Communication Patterns on Sexual Communication in Romantic Relationships: A Dyadic Analysis

Generous, Mark Alan Arizona State University 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The current study employs dyadic data analysis to explore the intrapersonal and interpersonal antecedents of sexual communication in romantic relationships. Working from a family relational schema theoretical framework (family communication patterns [FCPs]; see Koerner & Fitzpatrick, 2002a), it is argued that FCPs within individuals' family of origin structure their relational schema, which is subsequently associated with their openness and quality of sexual communication in their sexually active romantic relationships. In particular, dyadic data procedures are used to explore the interdependent influence of partners' FCPs on reported sexual communication. It was predicted that individual (actor effects) and partner (partner effects) reports of FCPs are associated with individuals' reports of sexual communication within romantic relationships. In addition, alternative models were proposed that predicted FCPs are associated with individuals' self-schema (i.e., general and sexual self-concept), which is in turn associated with sexual communication. A sample of 216 heterosexual romantic dyads (N = 432) participated in a cross-sectional online questionnaire study. Results from path analyses provide partial support for hypotheses. Specifically, individuals from conversationally-oriented families tended to report higher levels of sexual communication in their romantic relationships. Also, the interaction effect between conversation and conformity orientations indicate that dyads tend to engage in more sexual communication when dyadic partners are from pluralistic families (i.e., high conversation, low conformity), and they engage in less sexual communication when partners are from laissez-faire families (i.e., low conversation, low conformity). Furthermore, FCPs were associated with the general and sexual self-concept (i.e., general self-esteem, general social anxiety, sexual self-esteem, and sexual anxiety), which in turn were associated with sexual communication. This study is important for its contribution to the family, interpersonal, and relational communication literature, as well as for its potential to expand Koerner and Fitzpatrick's (2002a) theory of family relational schema to more domain-specific areas of communication, like sexual communication.