부모작성 선별검사도구, Ages and Stages Questionnaires(ASQ)의 공인 타당도 연구 : 24개월, 30개월 질문지를 대상으로

임인옥 우석대학교 교육대학원 2002 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 영유아발달 평가도구인 ASQ 질문지의 기준점과 공인타당도를 알아보는 것이다. ASQ는 4개월부터 48개월까지 11개의 시리즈로 구성되어 있는 부모작성형 선별도구로 이 연구에서는 24개월과 30개월용 질문지를 중심으로 연구하였다. 이를 위한 연구문제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, ASQ 24개월과 30개월 질문지의 기준점(cutoff point)은 무엇인가? 둘째, ASQ 24개월과 30개월 질문지의 공인타당도는 어떠한가? 본 연구의 대상은 장애유무와 관계없이 광주광역시, 전남에 거주하는 22개월부터 33개월 사이의 유아를 대상으로 기관의 교사 도움을 받거나 가정에 있는 유아를 직접 방문하여 검사하는 방법으로 24개월과 30개월용 각각 40명씩 총 80명이다. 연구도구로는 인적사항 조사용 질문지, ASQ 24개월, 30개월 질문지와 DAYC, K-DDST를 이용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, ASQ의 24개월과 30개월의 기준점을 알아본 결과, 각 영역과 표준편차에 따라 약간의 차이가 나타냈으며, 24개월의 기준점에서 큰 운동이나 문제해결영역을 제외한 3개 영역 중에서는 개인-사회성영역의 점수가 높게 나타났으며, 30개월의 기준점에서는 의사소통, 큰 운동, 작은 운동 영역에서 33.00이상의 점수로 나타났다. 둘째, ASQ의 공인타당도의 결과로는 24개월의 의사소통, 작은 운동, 개인-사회성 영역과 30개월에서의 5개 영역 모두 80% 이상의 타당도를 보였다. 하지만 24개월 ASQ의 큰 운동과 문제해결 영역에서 보다 효율적인 선별체계로서의 기초 확립을 위해서는 장애의 위험이 있거나 기준점의 경계선상에 있는 다양한 유아를 대상으로 하여 기준점과 공인타당도를 나타내는 후속적인 연구가 더 필요하다고 본다. This study intends to identify the cutoff points and certified validity of ASQ(Ages & Stages Questionnaires) as an evaluation tool for infant and early-childhood development. ASQ is a selective tool designed to be filled out by parents and consists of 11 series ranging from 4-month to 48-month infants. This study focused on the questionnaires for 24-month and 30-month infants. The assignments of this study can be listed as follows: First, which are the cutoff points of 24-month and 30-month ASQ respectively? Secondly, how much is the certified validity of 24-month and 30-month ASQ respectively? In this study, total 80 infants(40 for 24-month ASQ and 40 for 30-month ASQ) with their age ranging from 22 to 33 months were sampled from infants in Gwangju Metropolitant City and Jeonnam Province, whether they had impediment or not. The survey was performed with helps from organizational instructors or by means of the direct visit to infants at home. As a research tool, personal information survey, 24-month and 30-month ASQ, DAYC and K-DDST were used respectively. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, the results of determining the cutoff points of 24-month and 30-month ASQ showed that there were more or less differences depending upon each area and standard deviation. For the cutoff points of 24-month ASQ, personality-sociality area marked highest score of all three areas except for heavy movement area or solution area. For the cutoff points of 30-month ASQ, communication area, heavy or slight movement area marked a high score over 33.00 respectively. Secondly, the results of identifying the certified validity of ASQ showed that 3 areas in 24-month ASQ(such as communication, slight movement and personality-sociality) and all 5 areas in 30-month ASQ had high validity over 80% respective]y. Nevertheless, the cutoff points could not be illustrated only for general infants in two areas of 24-month ASQ such as heavy movement and solution. Moreover, the certified validity could not be easily illustrated as well in this case. For establishing a foundation as more efficient selection system, it is required to perform follow-up studies showing cutoff points and certified validity by sampling various infants who have potential risk of impediments or are located on the boundary of cutoff points.

부모작성 선별검사도구, Ages and Stages Questionnaires(ASQ)의 신뢰도 및 유용성 연구 : 24개월, 30개월 질문지를 대상으로

오진 우석대학교 교육대학원 2002 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 영·유아 발달평가도구인 ASQ 질문지의 신뢰도 및 유용성을 조사하는 것이다. ASQ는 4개월부터 48개월까지 11개의 시리즈로 구성되어 있는 부모작성형 선별도구로 이 연구에서는 24개월과 30개월용 질문지를 대상으로 연구하였다. 이를 위한 연구문체는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 24개월, 30개월용 ASQ (Ages and Stages Questionnaires) 질문지의 신뢰도는 어떠한가? 1) 내적 일치도는 어떠한가? 2) 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 어떠한가? 둘째, 24개월, 30개월용 ASQ의 유용성은 어떠한가? 본 연구의 대상은 장애유무와 관계없이 광주광역시, 전라남·북도에 거주하는 22개월부터 33개월 유아 256명을 대상으로 표집하였고, 연구도구로는 ASQ 질문지 24개월, 30개월용과 개인신상조사서 및 유용성 질문지를 사용하였다. 본 연구는 연구문제의 검증을 위하여 신뢰도 여부는 내적 일치도의 Cronbach's Alpha를 이용하였고, 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 첫 번째와 두 번째 질문지 사이의 일치정도를 상관관계로 분석하였으며, 질문지의 유용성 여부는 빈도율을 이용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다 첫째, 신뢰도를 알아보기 위한 내적 일치도 분석은 24개월의 문제해결 영역, 30개월의 작은 운동 영역과 문제해결 영역을 제외한 나머지영역에서 보통 이상의 내적 일치도를 보여주고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 질문지 영역간의 상관관계는 전반적으로 양의 상관관계를 가지고 있으나, 체계적인 선별체계로서의 확립을 위해서는 추후 연구가 더 필요하다고 본다. 둘째, 검사-재검사 신뢰도의 결과를 보면 첫 번째와 두 번째 질문지 사이의 일치정도가 높게 나타나 선별도구로서의 잠재성을 보여주고 있다. 셋째, 유용성에 대한 검사는 ASQ 질문지 작성에 따른 소요시간은 평균 10분 내외로 나타났으며, 질문지를 이해하고 답하는데는 어려움을 겪지 않은 것으로 나타났고, 부모들이 질문지 작성에 참여하는 것은 매우 만족스러운 것으로 나타났다. This study intends to determine the reliability and availability of Ages & Stages Questionnaires(ASQ) as an evaluation tool for infant and early-childhood development. ASQ is a selective tool designed to be filled out by parents and consists of 11 series ranging from 4-month to 48-month infants. This study focused on the questionnaires for 24-month and 30-month infants. The assignments of this study can be listed as follows: First, how much reliable are the ASQs for 24-month and 30-month infants? 1) How much is the internal consistency? 2) How much is the test-retest reliability? Secondly, how much available are two ASQs as described above? In this study, total 256 infants with their age ranging from 22 to 33 months were sampled from infants in Gwangju Metropolitant City and Jeonnam·Jeonbuk Province, whether they had impediment or not. As a research tool, two ASQs for 24-month and 30-month infants, a personal information survey and an availability questionnaire were used respectively. To examine these assingments, this study analyzed the reliability of two ASQs by using a Cronbach’s Alpha of internal consistency. For the test-retest reliability, this study analyzed the consistency between two ASQs in the level of their correlation. The availability of two ASQs were analyzed through frequency rate. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, the analysis of internal consistency to determine the reliability of two ASQs showed that there were internal consistencies beyond normal level in all areas except for the solution area of 24-month infants and the slight movement area and the solution area of 30-month infants. In general, there were positive correlations between respective areas of ASQ. However, it is necessary to perform follow-up studies to establish those correlations as a formulated selective system. Secondly, the results of test-retest reliability showed that there were high consistencies between two ASQs, which unpiles the potential as a selective tool. Finally, the results of availability test showed that it took 10 minutes or less on average to fill out ASQ. Meanwhile, respondents had little difficulty in understanding and answering given questionnaires, and showed very high satisfaction with the participation of parents in questionnaire survey.

부모작성 선별검사도구, Ages and Stages Questionnaires(ASQ)의 신뢰도 및 유용성 연구 : 16개월, 20개월 질문지를 대상으로

문현옥 우석대학교 교육대학원 2002 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 영 유아 발달평가도구인 ASQ 선별도구의 신뢰도 및 그 유용성을 조사하는 것이다. ASQ는 4개월에서 48개월까지 11개의 시리즈로 구성되어 있는 부모작성형 선별도구로 이 연구에서는 16개월과 20개월용 질문지를 대상으로 연구하였으며 다음과 같다. 첫째, 16·20개윌 ASQ의 신뢰도는 어떠한가? 1) 내적 일치도는 어떠한가? 2) 검사 - 재검사 신뢰도는 어떠한가? 둘째, 16·20개월 ASQ의 유용성은 어떠한가? 본 연구의 대상은 무작위로 광주광역시와 전라도에 거주하는 14개월부터 22개월유아 231명이고, 연구도구는 16개월, 20개월용 ASQ 질문지와 신상조사서 및 유용성 질문지를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 연구문제 분석을 위하여 신뢰도 여부는 내적 일치도의 Cronbach's Alpha를 이용하였고, 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 첫 번째와 두 번째 질문지 사이의 일치정도를 상관관계로 분석하였으며, 질문지의 유용성 여부는 빈도율을 이용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 신뢰도를 알아보기 위한 내적 일치도 분석은 개월별 내적 일치도와 질문지 영역간 상관관계로 분석하였는데, 5개 영역 중 20개월의 큰운동을 제외한 영역의 내적 일치도는 수용적이며, 질문지 영역간의 상관관계는 전반적으로 양의 상관관계를 가지고 있으나 보다 더 효율적인 선별 체계로서의 기초 확립을 위해서는 소수의 몇 영역의 추후 연구가 더 필요하다고 본다. 둘째, 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 20개월의 큰운동영역을 제외한 다른 영역에서 전반적으로 0.8이상의 높은 신뢰도 값이 나타나 가치가 있는 선별도구로서의 잠재성을 보여 주고 있다. 셋째, 유용성에 대한 검사는 ASQ 질문지를 작성하는 것이 유아의 초기 발달에 대한 부모의 지식이나 태도에 영향을 미치는 것인가를 알아보기 위해 질문지 작성에 따른 소요시간 및 부모가 인지하는 질문지의 적절성에 대해 문항별 분석을 하였는데, 질문지 작성시간은 10분 내외로 나타났으며 부모와 이 질문지를 사용하는 관계자들은 질문지가 사용하기에 적절하다고 인식함으로 만족도를 나타냈다. 또한 질문지를 이해하고 답하는데 거의 어려움이 있는 것으로 나타나 그 유용성을 더 했다. The Purpose of this study is to survey the reliability and availability of ASQ selector which is used as the means of development and evaluation of infant and child. The ASQ selector consists of 11 series from 4 month old infant old to 48 month and is the form which their parents should fill in. This study was performed with questionnaires for 16 month and 20 month child and as follows; First, how much is the ASQ reliability of 16 month and 20 month? 1) How much is the degree of inner coincidence? 2) How much is the reliability of exam-reexam? Second, how much is the availability of ASQ for 16 month and 20 month? The objects of this study were 231 children from 14 month child to 22 month sampled at random among children who lived in Kwangju city and Cheolla-Do. The means of the study were ASQ questionnaire for 16 month child and 20 month, inquiry sheet for a personal matter and availability questionnaire. The Cronbach’s Alpha which showed the degree of inner coincidence was used for reliability in analyzing the matter of this study. The reliability of exam-reexam correlation was analyzed according to the correlation of coincidence between first questionnaire and second questionnaire and the availability of the questionnaire was determined by analyzing data using the rate of frequency. The result of study are as follows; First, the degree of inner coincidence to find out the reliability was analyzed according to the degree of monthly inner coincidence and the correlation between the areas of questionnaire. The degree of inner coincidence of the areas except the large excercise for 20 month child among 5 areas was acceptable. The correlation between the areas of questionnaire was positive in general and the further study for a few area was required to be established as more effective system of selection fundamentally. Second, the reliability of exam-reexam showed the high value over 0.8 in general in the other areas except the large excercise for 20 month child and the value showed potentiality which could be used as the valuable selection means. Third, the exam of availability was performed to find out whether filling in ASQ questionnaire had an effect on parents’ knowledge and attitude for an infant’s earl development. The time spent in filling in questionnaire and the appropriateness of questionnaire which parents recognized were analyzed by the question. Approximately 10 minutes was spent in filling in the questionnaire, and parents and participant using the questionnaire thought that the questionnaire was proper and satisfactory. It also was useful that they had little difficulty in understanding and answering the questionnaire.

부모작성 선별도구 ASQ의 정확도 연구

강정화 우석대학교 교육대학원 2003 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 부모작성 선별도구 ASQ와 DIAL-3, K-DDST와 비교함으로 ASQ의 정확도를 알아보는 것이다. 이 연구에서는 48개월과 54개월용 질문지를 중심으로 알아보았다. 이를 위한 연구문제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, ASQ에 의한 유아발달은 어떠한가? 둘째, DIAL-3, K-DDST에 따른 유아발달 어떠한가? 셋째, 비교도구 및 ASQ의 결과 비교에 따른 ASQ의 정확도는 어떠한가? 본 연구의 대상은 광주광역시와 전라도에 거주하는 48개월(45-51)유아 30명과, 54개월(52-56)유아 30명이며, 연구도구는 48, 54개월 ASQ 질문지와, DIAL-3, K-DDST 검사도구를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 연구문제를 검증하기 위하여 빈도와 백분율을 사용하였다. ASQ의 의사소통, 큰 운동, 작은 운동, 문제해결, 개인-사회성영역과 DIAL-3의 언어, 인지영역과 K-DDST의 전체운동, 미세운동, 개인성-사회성 영역을 조합하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, ASQ에 의한 유아발달은 48개월의 경우 영역과 표준편차에 따라 약간의 차이가 나타났으나, 전체 영역의 통과율은 1SD는 86.7%, 1.5SD는 93.36%, 2SD는 96.04%로 나타나 모두 85%이상의 통과율을 나타냈다. 54개월에 대한 전체 영역의 통과DBF은 1SD는 94.68%, 1.5SD는 96%, 2SD는 98.02%의 통과율을 나타냈다. 둘째, 동시측정도구(DIAL-3, K-DDST)에 따른 유아발달은 48개월에 대한 DIAL-3의 ISD는 96.7%, 1.5SD와 2SD는 각각 100%의 통과율을 나타났고, K-DDST는 98.35%의 통과율을 나타내었다. 54개월 DIAL-3의 1SD95%, 1.5SD 96.7%, 96.7%의 통과율을 나타냈으며, K-DDS는 98.35%의 통과율을 나타내었다. 셋째, 동시측정도구와 ASQ 결과에 따른 결과 비교 및 정확도는 2SD 미만의 기준에 따라 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 48개월의 경우 5개 영역의 일치도는 77%이상의 정확도를 나타냈으며, 54개월 5개 영역에서는 93%이상의 정확도를 나타냈다. 이상과 같이 검사도구간의 일치율이 높았던 원인은 전형적으로 발달한 일반 유아만을 연구대상으로 했기에 전반적인 성공률이 매우 높았다고 본다. 본 연구자의 연구대상이 개월별 각 30명씩 제한되어 있으며, 한정적인 지역 표집으로 인해 연구 결과를 일반화하는데 어려움이 있다고 본다. 이에 후속 연구는 제외되었던 지역, 환경 및 사회, 경제적 수준 등을 포함한 11개 ASQ 질문지의 추후 비교연구가 필요할 것이다. The purpose of this study was to compare ASQ, DIAL-3 and K-DDST in a bid to determine the accuracy of ASQ. Specifically, ASQ for children who were 48 months old and 54 months old were examined. The research questions were posed as below: First, what is the outcome of ASQ about child development? Second, what is the outcome of DIAL-3 and K-DDST about child development? Third, what is the accuracy of ASQ? The subjects in this study were 60 young children from the city of Gwangju and south Jeolla province. Out of them, 30 children were 48 months old(45-51) and the others were 54 months old(52-56). The instruments used in this study were ASQs for 48 and 54 months old, DIAL-3 and K-DDST. To address the research questions, frequency and percentage was employed. What's investigated in this study were ASQ's communication, major workout, minor workout, problem solving and personal-sociability areas, and DIAL-3's verbal and cognitive domains, and K-DDST's major exercise, minor exercise and personal-sociability fields. The findings of this study were as follows: First, the data obtained by ASQ showed that there were some differences among the young children who were 48 months old in their development in the selected fields and standard deviation. Overall, the probability that they might had no disabilities was 85 percent, with 86.7 percent at 1SD, 93.36 percent at 1.5SD and 96.04 percent at 2SD. In the case of the young children who were 54 months old, the overall non- disability probability was 94.68 percent at 1SD, 96 percent at 1.5SD and 98.02 percent at 2SD. Second, in the event of the young children who were 48 months old, the test results by DIAL-3 showed that the non-disability probability was 96.7 percent at 1SD and 100 percent at 1.SSD and 2SD. The K-DDST test results indicated that the non-disability probability was 98.35 percent. Among the young children who were 54 months old, the DIAL-3 test results implied that the non-disability probability was 95 percent at 1SD, 96.7 percent at 1.5SD and 96.7 percent at 2SD. The K-DDST test results showed that the non-disability probability was 98.35 percent. Third, the test results by ASQ and the other instruments were compared at below 2SD. As a result, the test results about the young children who were 48 months old corresponded to one another by 77 percent or more in the five areas. For those who were 54 months old, the test results were identical by 93 percent or more in the five areas. The test results by the different instruments agreed in large part, probably because the children who showed a normal growth were examined. As only 30 children were tested for each month and the geographic scope of the study was limited, the findings of the study might not be generalizable. Future research efforts need to make a comparative analysis of 11 ASQs by applying them to a wide variety of subjects from different geographic regions and with different socioeconomic background.

부모작성 선별검사도구, Ages and stages questionnaires(ASQ)의 공인 타당도 연구

문정숙 우석대학교 교육대학원 2001 국내석사

선별도구의 특징은 쉽고, 빠르고, 많은 영유아에게 이용하므로 경제적이어야 한다. Age & Stages Questionnaires(ASQ) (Bricker, Mounts, Squires, 1995)는 미국에서 개발된 부모 작성형 평가 도구로서 날로 늘어나는 장애아나 장애 위험성이 있는 유아를 부모들이 자녀들의 발달을 모니터 하는데 유용하며 부모들이 빠른 시기에 용이하게 평가할 수 있는 효과적이면서도 경제적인 특성을 지니고 있다. 이러한 필요성을 감안하여 다른 많은 번역된 도구와 마찬가지로 우리 나라 유아를 대상으로 한 기준점 및 기타 기술적 연구가 되어있지 않아 기술적 연구의 필요성이 시급하다. 따라서 본 연구는 ASQ의 36개월과 48개월 질문지에 대한 기준점과 공인 타당도는 어떠한가를 알아보고자 한다. 이를 위한 연구문제는 다음과 같다. 1) 36개월과 48개월 ASQ의 기준점(cutoff point)은 무엇인가? (1) 36개월 질문지의 기준점 점수는 무엇인가? (2) 48개월 질문지의 기준점 점수는 무엇인가? 2) 36개월과 48개월 ASQ의 공인 타당도는 어떠한가? 본 연구의 대상은 광주시내 사립유치원과 어린이집에 다니고 있는 36개월과 48개월의 유아이다. 유치원과 어린이집 교사의 도움을 받아 '유아 및 가족 신상정보 기록지'를 가정으로 발송하여 회수된 자료를 대상으로 연구의 참여의사를 확인한 후 36개월 40명과 48개월 40명씩 80명을 선정하였으며, 연구도구로는 Age & Stages Questionnaires (ASQ), (서울 장애인 종합 복지관, 1996)와 Korean-Denver Developmental Screening Test(K-DDST), (이근, 1990)를 이용하였다. 결과를 검증하기 위하여 통계 SAS 6.12와 ASQ의 공인타당도를 알아보기 위한 동시측정도구로 K-DDST를 이용하여 각 영역간의 상관관계가 높은 것을 조합하여 사용하였으며 ASQ의 문제해결 영역은 K-DDST에서 비교할 수 있는 영역이 없어 K-DDST의 4개 영역 중에서 가장 상관관계가 높은 언어영역을 문제해결 영역과 비교 분석하는데 사용하였다. 본 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, ASQ System의 타당도 알아본 결과 전체적으로 타당도가 높게 나타났으며 믿을만한 선별도구임을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 36개월과 48개월의 공인 타당도는 이 연구에서 ASQ의 36, 48개월의 질문지가 높은 타당도를 보여주고, 표준화에 사용할 수 있는 적절한 도구가 될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 셋째, 연구의 제한점은 대상이 다양하지 못하여 36개월의 의사소통영역과 48개월의 작은운동 영역의 기준점이 나타낼 수 없었고 도구의 제한점은 K-DDST는 우리나라에서 표준화된 도구중의 하나이나 영역에 있어서 ASQ의 문제해결 영역에 해당되는 부분이 없어 다른 표준화 도구를 사용한 연구가 필요하다. 넷째, 연구의 제언이 있음에도 불구하고 연구의 공헌점을 보면 제한적 이나마 우리 나라의 유아를 대상으로 하였고 기준점이 밝혀지고 타당한 평가도구로서의 초석을 제시하였다. 이상과 같이 ASQ가 효율적으로 활용될 수 있도록 몇가지 제언을 덧붙이면 특수교육의 현장뿐만 아니라 발랄지체의 위험이 있는 유아들을 상대로 전국적으로 많은 대상을 표집하여 다양하게 나타난 결과를 통하여 질문지의 효율성에 대한 후속적인 연구가 필요하고 ASQ의 다른 질문지에 대한 다양한 형식과 구성에 적용되도록 계속적인 표준화 연구가 필요하다. A screening test should be easy to use, be on a short-term basis, and be economical, as it's used for a lot of infant and young children. The Age & Stages Questionnaires(ASQ: Bricker, Mounts., and Squires, 1995) is a rating scale developed in the United States, that parents fill out. This test is designed for parents to check out the development of their children to find out if their children is actually disabled or vulnerable to any type of disability, as there are increasing children with handicap or disability. That is effective and economical, making it possible for parents to make an easy assessment on a short-term basis. Though its recent Korean version translated by the Seoul General Welfare Agency for the Disabled is in use, more researches are urgently required, since like a lot of other translated test instruments, there are few descriptive studies on its use for preschoolers in our country. The purpose of this study was, accordingly, to examine the cutoff point and concurrent validity of the ASQ for month age 36 and 48. The research questions were posed as below: 1. What is the cutoff point of the ASQ for month age 36 and 48? 1) What is the cutoff point score of the ASQ for month age 36? 2) What is the cutoff point score of the ASQ for month age 48? 2. What is the concurrent validity of the ASQ for month age 36 and 48? The subjects in this study were preschoolers of month age 36 and 48 who were attending a private kindergarten and a children's house in the city of Kwangju. The teachers at the two institutes helped me to ask the parents of the young children by mail to give personal information 011 their family members including young child. After their willingness to join the study was confirmed through the collected data, 80 preschoolers were selected: 40 of month age 36 and 40 of month age 48. The research instruments used in this study were the ASQ by the Seoul General Welfare Agency for the Disabled(l996) and Lee Geun(1990) s Korean-Denver Developmental Screening Test(K-DDST). The latter was employed to test the concurrent validity. For data analysis, SAS 6.12 was utilized. The findings and suggestions of this study were as follows: First, as a result of examining the validity of the AS& for month age 36 and 48, it turned out highly valid in general. It was a good example of an economical and valid screening test to which parents give answer. Second, there is an urgent need for descriptive researches on its use for the other month age groups(month age 4, 8, 12, 20, 24, and 30) to determine if it suits the situation in our country. Third, more researches are needed in the future regarding this study, as the cutoff points of month age 36's communication area. and month age 48's minor motor area weren't identified because all. the subjects made normal development. As discussed above, a larger, various range of young children, who are already committed to special education and vulnerable to any type of developmental retardation, should be selected from nationwide to find out the effectiveness of the ASQ and encourage its right, effective use. In addition, the questionnaires for the other month age groups should be standardized for more successful application.

부모작성 선별도구 Ages and stages questionnaire(ASQ)의 신뢰도 및 유용성 연구

정영란 우석대학교 교육대학원 2001 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 영, 유아 발달평가도구인 ASQ 선별도구의 신뢰도 및 그 유용성을 조사하는 것이다. ASQ는 4개월에서부터 48개월까지 11개의 시리즈로 구성되어있는 부모작성형 선별도구로 이 연구에서는 36 개월용과 48개월용을 중점적으로 연구하였다. 이를 위한 연구문제는 다음과 같다. 1) ASQ System(Age and Stages Questionnaires)의 신뢰도는 어떠한가? 1.1 내적 일치도는 어떠한가? 1.2 검사 - 재검사 신뢰도는 어떠한가? 2) ASQ의 유용성은 어떠한가? 본 연구의 대상은 장애유무와 관계없이 광주광역시, 전남, 전북에 거주하는 만 3세, 4세 유아 385명이고, 연구도구는 ASQ 질문지 36개월용과 48개월용 및 유용성 질문지를 사용하였다. 본 연구는 연구문제 검증을 위하여 신뢰도 여부는 내적 일치도의 Cronbach′s Alpha를 이용하였고, 검사 - 재검사 신뢰도는 첫 번째와 두 번째 질문지 사이의 일치정도를 상관관계로 분석하였으며, 질문지의 유용성 여부는 빈도율을 이용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 신뢰도를 알아보기 위한 내적 일치도 분석은 질문지의 문항 전반과 영역 안에서 보통 이상의 상관관계를 보여주고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 검사 - 재검사 개월별 내적 일치도와 질문지 영역간 상관관계로 분석하였는데, 전반적으로 내적 일치값이 높게 나타나 문항 안에 포함되어 있는 질문지의 내용들이 문항에 관해 잘 설명해 주고 있다고 할 수 있고, 영역간의 상관관계는 전반적으로 양의 상관관계를 가지고 있어 선별도구로서의 가치가 있는 신뢰도를 나타냈다. 셋째, 유용성에 대한 검사는 ASQ 질문지를 작성하는 것이 유아의 초기 발달에 대한 부모의 지식이나 태도에 영향을 미치는 것인가를 알아보기 위해 질문지 작성에 따른 소요시간 및 문항별 분석을 하였는데, 질문지 작성시간은 10-20분 정도 걸렀으며 부모와 이 질문지를 사용하는 관계자들은 질문지가 그들의 유아를 관찰하고 이해하고 가르치는데 있어서 도움을 주었으며 이 질문지를 이해하고 답하는데 어려움을 격지 않은 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and usability of the ASQ(age and stages questionnaires) screening system. This 11-series instrument is designed to assess the development of infant and young children between month age 4 and 48, and to be filled out by parents. In this study, the ASQ for month age 36 and 48 was investigated. The research questions were posed as follows: 1. What is the reliability of the ASQ system? 1.1 What is its content consistency? 1.2 What is the reliability of its test and retest? 2. What is the usability of the ASQ? The subjects in this study were 385 young children of full three and four who were living in the city of Kwangju, South Cholla and North Cholla Province. The instruments used in this study were the ASQ for month age 36 and 48 and the usability questionnaire. To address the research questions, Cronbach's Alpha was used regarding the content consistency of that instrument's reliability. As for the reliability of its test and retest, the correlation analysis was made to see whether the first and second questionnaires agreed to each other. Concerning the usability, frequency was calculated. The findings of this study were as below: First, the content consistency analysis that was intended to define the reliability of the system showed the correlational relationships between the items and between the areas were above the average. Second, the correlational relationships between the content consistency of the test and retest and between the areas were examined to determine the reliability of the test and retest. As a result, the content consistency turned out good in general, and this fact indicated that the items were explained well. And there were generally positive correlational relationships between the areas, which suggested that the questionnaire is reliable. Third, concerning the usability, how many times it took for them to fill in the questionnaire was measured and the item analysis was made, in order to see if writing out the ASQ gave any impacts on their knowledge of or attitude to the early development of young children. And it's found that it took about 10 to 20 minutes for them to fill it out, and that this experience was helpful for the parents and the parties concerned to observe, understand and teach their young children. In addition, they had no difficulties in comprehending and responding to the questionnaire.

A Quality Improvement Project to Improve Health Care Provider Self-Efficacy in Rural Primary Pediatric Care Clinics through Training Intervention

Borgsmiller, Alison Marie University of Nevada, Las Vegas ProQuest Dissertat 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

American Association of Pediatrics recommends screening for various developmental delays in children, but it does not explicitly recommend a tool for screening social and emotional development at well-child checks (WCCs). Therefore, provider self-efficacy (SE) is lacking, and screening rarely occurs. This quality improvement (QI) project sought to improve healthcare provider SE using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional, Second Edition (ASQ:SE-2), an evidence-based practice screening tool for identifying such delays in children at 30–60-month WCC visits.At rural healthcare centers in San Luis Obispo, California, participants completed the Self-Efficacy Twelve Questionnaire prior to and 30 days following a training intervention. While the questionnaire assessed a provider’s perceived SE for social and emotional developmental screening in children at WCC visits, the training intervention—handouts and online activitie — reinforced practices to improve provider SE in conducting these evaluations. In comparing pre and posttraining scores, the intervention had a statistically significant effect on provider SE using the ASQ:SE-2 to screen for and identify social and emotional development in 30–60-month-olds, improving patient outcomes with earlier referrals to intervention services. The QI project also determined providers with the most negligible improvement in SE after the training intervention had a baseline preintervention SE score above 100.The limitations of this pilot project were the small sample size, provider difficulty completing the intervention due to the pandemic (i.e., lack of time and patient volume), lack of early intervention service providers, and lack of expedited referrals. Keywords: Ages and Stages: Social-Emotional, ASQ:SE-2, Self-efficacy, SE-12 Questionnaire.

발달지연 아동 선별을 위한 부모 작성형 유아모니터링 체계(K-ASQ)의 유용성에 관한 연구

주정기 인제대학교 대학원 2013 국내석사

Abstract A Study on the Availability of Parents-Report Korea-Ages & Stage Questionnaires(K-ASQ) for the Screening of Children with Developmental disabilties Jung Ki Ju (Advisor : Prof. Jong Beom Sin) Department of Medicine Graduate School, Inje University Purpose: The earlier treatment by the early discovery in developmental disabilities is crucial in recovering to the normal state. To find the developmental disabilities early, appropriate screening tools are required. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine whether Korean Ages and Stages Questionnaires/Parent-completed Development Screening Tool(K-ASQ), which is used for the health examination of infants and children, is useful in discovering a developmental disabilities early. Method: The numbers of test from the 2nd to the 6th in the health examination that includes the developmental screening test for infants and children were 4,588 for 4 years and 2 months from November, 2007 to December, 2011. In terms of developmental assessment methods, K-BSID-II was performed for 42 month-old children and K-WPPSI was performed for 36 month-old children. For language assessment, Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES) and Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI) were used. Language assessment was performed to test children of more than 12 months of age, and SELSI was performed to test children of less than 24 months of age. When PRES was not available, SELSI was performed. Results: Among 392 children who needs thorough examination, 7 children that account for 1.8% agreed with the examination and received the examination. In addition, this study conducted an analysis on a total of 114 children including 107, requested for the professional diagnostic evaluation after completing a health examination in other institutions during the study periods. The results show that 111(97.4%) of 114 subjects were outside the normal range in over one test of K-BSID-II, K-WPPSI, SELSI and PRES. Among 21 children of less than 12 month-old outside the normal range, only assessed by the result of K-BSID-II, 16 children (76.2%) showed a ‘severe delay’ in over one item of MDI and PDI. In the result of language assessment for 90 subjects of over 12 months age, assessed by K-BSID-II or K-WPPSI as well as the language assessment, there was no case of over ?1 standard deviation (over 18th percentiles). Subjects that fall under the standard deviation between ?1 standard deviation and ?2 standard deviation were 10(11.1%), and less than ?2 standard deviation (less than 5th percentiles) were 80(88.9%) respectively. This shows that there was a severe language delay before the time of a thorough examination. Among 90 subjects, showing a language delay, K-BSID-II and K-WPPSI were performed to test 75 subjects and 15 subjects respectively. In the result of K-BSID-II, 46 subjects (61.3%) showed a severe delay in over one item of MDI and PDI, which accounts for the majority. Among 15 subjects with language delay for whom K-WPPSI was performed, 3(20%) of 15 subjects fell under the category of borderline in the whole intelligence, and 5(33.3%) of 15 subjects fell under the category of mental retardation, accounting for 53.5%. Conclusion: In the result of a thorough assessment under the standard of K-ASQ, the probability which shows delay in over 1 item of developmental test, intelligence test, and language assessment was 97.4%. This result indicates that K-ASQ is enough to be worthy of screening test, which can discover developmental disabilities early. In addition, it is estimated that 8.6% of whole children under 5 year-old may suffer from developmental disabilities. key words: Korean-ages & stages questionnaires, Developmental disabilities

Non-Invasive Assessment with Acoustic Structure Quantification for Hepatic Fibrosis in Chronic Viral Hepatitis

Nam Tae Hoon 고려대학교 대학원 2014 국내석사

Purpose: To investigate the clinical usefulness of acoustic structure quantification (ASQ) values (mode, average and focal distribution ratio) for hepatic fibrosis in patient with chronic hepatitis and the comparison of it to transient elastography (Fibroscan), biochemical marker (aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index ;APRI). Material and Methods: We studied consecutively enrolled sixty-two patients with confirmed chronic hepatitis from March 2013 to March 2014. Each patient underwent ASQ evaluation, liver biopsy, and laboratory test. Fifty-four patients among them received transient elastography. Thirty-six healthy adults were enrolled as control group. Control group also underwent ASQ evaluation and laboratory test. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate correlation among each parameter of ASQ, Fibroscan, APRI, and pathologic fibrosis grades. In all statistical analyses, liver biopsy was evaluated as the reference standard according to the METAVIR score. Results: All three ASQ parameters including mode, average value and focal distribution (FD) ratio were significantly correlated with liver fibrosis stage. Among of them, mode value showed the best correlation (p<0.001). On the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUROC), mode value of ASQ analysis had significant correlation and good accuracy for diagnosis of any fibrosis (F≥1), significant fibrosis (F≥2), severe liver fibrosis (F≥3), which was 0.8, 0.81, and 0.81, respectively. Those were significantly better than those of average value and FD ratio in F≥1 and F≥2. Fibroscan, mode value and FD ratio in ASQ, showed significant correlation with liver fibrosis stages (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in AUROC between mode value of ASQ and Fibroscan in diagnosis of F≥2 or F≥3. Conclusion: Mode value of ASQ analysis is a promising noninvasive method for the detection of liver fibrosis in the patients with chronic hepatitis.

부모작성 선별도구 Ages and Stages Questionnaires(ASQ)의 신뢰도 및 유용성 연구 : 24개월, 30개월 질문지를 대상으로

오진 우석대학교 2003 국내석사