中部地域 原三國〜百濟 漢城期 住居地 空間活用 方式 硏究

추가영 용인대학교 문화재대학원 2015 국내석사

Lots of materials related to settlement remains of protothree kingdom age∼Baekje Hansung period have been cumulated due to explosive increase of excavation in 2000s. Accordingly, 呂·凸 type residential area have received much interest, which was characterful residential area of the central region, and many researches were conducted. However, as the result that the data of residential area also focused only on chronicle research, according to the existing relic chronicle, there has been almost no research on the residents who have lived by building their residential area. This research conducted by focusing on the interior space analysis of residential area, in order to investigate the residents' living conditions of the residential area of that time, and conducted an analysis on the utilization method. 呂·凸 type residential area, the analysis object, was widely distributed in the Han River basin, to the north, Pocheon, Cheolwon, to the south, Suwon, Hwaseong, to the east, Youngseo region and Namhan River. However, this research proceeded a review mainly with the settlement which confirms the residential area of that time, targeting the central region and Han River basin, where the change aspect can be analyzed, since this research aimed at investigating the change of residential living conditions which appeared along with the time change from Protothree Kingdom Age to Baekje Hansung period. This research intended to investigate how the residents of that time utilized their residential area and which acts they did according to each space by analyzing the flat shape and interior facilities through which the change of residential area can be analyzed, and comprehending change process of residential space utilization along with their combination aspect. It was confirmed that flat shape showed the aspect of changing (rec)tangule→pentagon→hexagon, and it was determined that the wall facilities developed more stable and firm, during the flat shape developed to hexagon. This research conducted an analysis by dividing interior facilities into the interior column, cooking·heating facility, arrangement of relic, and storage facility. The interior column was the most important facility in the role of space division. It was analyzed by being divided into cast-iron style and non cast-iron style, i.e. cast-iron style was classified into one-row-style, tow-row style, three-row style, and square arrangement structure, according to the arrangement row of the columns. It was confirmed that the number of column row increased when the residential interior space was bigger. However, square arrangement structure was a characterful combination which appeared in only some region which was influenced by Mahan, Chungcheong region, as an interior column style, installed during Hansung Baekje period. Non cast-iron style was an interior column style, which was mainly checked during Baekje Hansung period, which seems to have appeared along with technical development. Cooking·heating facility and relic arrangement structure were confirmed to change in order or No→‘ㄱ’ shape gudeul→‘ㅣ’ shape gudeul. Gudeul developed from heating function base to cooking function base, accordingly, relic arrangement structure and cooking space position changed. As cooking·heating facilities developed, relic arrangement structure became more concentrated than before, and changed to be more easy to utilize the space by efficiently arranging earthenware and tools. Storage facilties can be divided into three types, i.e. storage space, buried earthenware, and deferred earthenware. This research objectively analyzed the position of storage facilities by dividing into ①∼⑨. It was confirmed that storage facilities increased in the installation rate of deferred earthenware while moving to Baekje Hansung period. Also, regardless of the period, storage facilities were found in the fixed position within the residential space, which determines that the recognition on storage space was patternized and fixed, and continued for a long time. This research analyzed the interior space of Protothree Kingdom Age and Baekje Hansung period residential area through flat shape, interior facilities, and relic arrangement structure. Interior space was classified into cooking space, storage space, and common·sleeping space according to the use. It was confirmed that interior space utilization was rapidly changed along with the various flat shape and change of interior facilities in Protothree Kingdom Age. Cooking space moved to the right wall from the center of residential space according to the position change of gudeul facility in No. Accordingly, storage space moved and changed to the one side of the wall from the both walls of the residential area. Along with the movement of cooking and storage space, common·sleeping space also changed its position, therefore, the residential space installed with No seemed to be utilized by dividing narrow space by positioning in the upper and lower side of cooking space. The residential area installed with gudeul was positioned in the left space of cooking space, the shape was in pentagon and hexagon, which were more widened than the flat shape, however common·sleeping space became similar or slightly wider than before, along with the increase of cooking space due to the increase of extent of gudeul facility. However, compared to the residential area installed with No, common·sleeping space became activated with its movement circulation, also, it was confirmed to have more efficient space utilization. During Baekje Hansung period, it was confirmed that the interior facilities of hexagonal flat shape, non cast-iron flat shape, ‘ㅣ’ shape gudeul, and interior facility of deferred earthenware appeared to be standardized. Accordingly, it was determined to be standardized and stereotyped comparing that various interior space appeared during Protothree Kingdom Age. While cooking·h 원삼국시대∼백제 한성기 취락 유적은 2000년대에 들어서면서 폭발적인 발굴의 증가로 많은 자료가 축적이 이루어졌다. 이에 따라 중부지역에서 나타나는 독특한 주거지 형태인 呂·凸자형 주거지에 관심이 집중되었으며, 많은 연구가 진행되었다. 그러나 기존의 유물편년에 맞추어 주거지 자료 또한 편년 연구에만 집중된 결과, 주거지를 축조하고 살아온 거주자들에 대한 연구는 거의 진행되지 않았다. 당시 주거지거주자들의 생활상을 알아보기 위해 주거지 내부 공간 분석을 집중하여 연구를 진행하였으며, 그 활용 방식에 대해 분석을 실시하였다. 분석대상인 呂·凸자형 주거지는 한강유역에 분포되어 있으며, 북으로는 포천, 철원, 남으로는 수원, 화성, 동으로는 영서지역, 남한강유역에까지 넓게 분포하고 있다. 그러나 본고는 원삼국시대에서 백제 한성기로 시대가 변화하면서 나타나는 주거 생활상의 변화를 살펴 보려고 하는 것이 목적이기 때문에, 그 변화상을 분석할 수 있는 중부지역, 한강유역을 대상으로 이 시기 주거지가 확인되는 취락을 중심으로 검토를 진행하였다. 주거지의 변화를 파악할 수 있는 평면형태와 내부시설을 분석하고, 이들의 결합양상에 따라 주거지 공간 활용의 변화 과정을 파악함으로써 당시 거주자들이 주거지를 어떻게 활용하고 각 공간별로 어떤 행위를 하였는지를 규명해 보고자 하였다. 평면형태는 (장)방형→오각형→육각형로 변화하는 양상을 확인하였으며, 평면형태가 육각형으로 발전하면서, 벽체시설 또한 안정적이고 견고하게 발전하는 것을 확인하였다. 내부 시설은 내부기둥, 취사·난방시설과 유물의 배치, 저장시설을 구분하며 분석을 실시하였다. 내부기둥은 공간 구획의 역할에 가장 중요한 시설물이다. 주공식과 무주공식으로 나누어 분석하였으며, 주공식은 기둥 배치열에 따라 일렬, 이열, 삼열, 방형배치구조로 분류하였다. 주거 내부 면적이 넓을수록 기둥열의 배치가 늘어나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 방형배치구조는 한성 백제기에 들어서면서 설치된 내부기둥 형식으로 충청지역 마한의 영향을 받은 일부 지역에서만 나타나는 독특한 조합으로 볼 수 있다. 무주공은 백제 한성기에 주로 확인되는 내부기둥 형식으로 건축 기술의 발전과 함께 나타나는 것으로 보인다. 취사·난방시설과 유물배치구조는 노→‘ㄱ’자형 구들→‘ㅣ’자형 구들 순서로 변화한 것으로 파악하였다. 구들은 난방 기능의 중심에서 취사 기능의 중심으로 발전하였으며, 이에 따라 유물 배치구조와 취사공간의 위치도 달라지게된다. 취사·난방 시설이 발달하면서 유물배치구조는 이전보다 집약화되며, 효율적으로 토기와 도구들이 배치되어 공간 활용에 더 용이하게 변화하게 된다. 저장시설은 저장공, 매립토기, 거치토기 세 가지 형식으로 구분할 수 있다. 저장시설의 위치는 ①∼⑨로 분할하여 분석해 저장시설의 위치를 객관적으로 분석하였다. 저장시설은 백제 한성기로 이행하면서 거치토기의 설치 비율이 증가한 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 시대에 상관없이 저장시설은 주거 내 고정적인 위치에서 확인되는데, 이는 당시 저장공간에 대한 인식이 패턴화되고 고정화되어 장기간 지속되었음을 말해준다. 평면형태, 내부시설, 유물배치구조를 통해 원삼국시대, 백제 한성기 주거지 내부 공간 분석해 보았다. 내부 공간은 용도 별로 취사공간, 저장공간, 공용·취침공간으로 분류하였다. 원삼국시대에는 다양한 평면형태와 내부시설물의 변화에 따라 내부 공간 활용도 빠르게 변화한 것을 확인할 수 있다. 취사공간은 노에서 구들시설의 위치 변화에 따라 주거 공간 중앙에서 우측벽으로 이동한다. 이와 함께 저장공간은 주거지 양 측벽에서 단벽 쪽으로 함께 이동 변화한다. 취사, 저장공간의 이동에 따라 공용·취침공간도 위치 변화하게 되는데, 노가 설치된 주거지는 취사공간 위, 아래에 위치하며 좁은 공간을 분할하여 사용한 것으로 보인다. 구들이 설치된 주거지는 취사공간 좌측공간에 위치하며, 평면형태가 이전보다 더 넓어진 오각형, 육각형의 형태지만, 구들시설의 면적 증가로 인해 취사공간의 면적이 늘어나게 되면서, 공용·취침공간은 이전과 비슷하거나 약간 넓어진 정도이다. 그러나 노가 설치된 주거지에 비해 공용·취침공간은 이동 동선이 원활해 졌으며, 이전보다 공간 활용하기에 더 효율적인 것을 확인할 수 있다. 백제 한성기에는 육각형 평면형태, 무주공의 평면형태, ‘ㅣ’자형 구들, 거치토기의 내부시설물이 획일화되어 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 이에 따라 원삼국시대에 다양한 내부공간이 나타나는 것과 비교해 획일화되고 정형화되는 것을 파악할 수 있었다. 주거지 오벽 쪽으로 취사·난방시설이 이동하면서, 자연스레 취사공간이 구획되었다. 취사 토기와 도구도 이전과 다르게 공통적으로 배치되는 것을 유물배치구조를 통해 확인할 수 있다. 취사공간은 연도가 짧아진 구들과 효율적인 토기, 도구 배치를 통해 이전보다 사용 공간은 좁아졌지만, 집약적이고 효과적으로 변화한 것을 확인할 수 있다. 저장공간은 ⑦,⑨번

북한강 유역 중도식 주거지 내부 공간 활용의 변천

정지왕 경북대학교 대학원 2018 국내석사

The purpose of this research is to infer from the built environmental context of how the inner space of the jundo style dwelling in Bukhangang River basin was utilized. It also identifies how this is stereotyped and what the background is. To this, the dwelling was divided into fixed feature elements and semifixed feature elements. Analyze of the fixed feature element is change of a dwelling on the dwelling style and the hearth. The plane form changed from Pentagon to hexagon. From Pentagon to Hexagon dwelling, we found that the living space decreased gradually. In addition, the frequency of installing the inner pillar decreased in the hexagon dwelling compared to the Pentagon dwelling. The semifixed feature elements is artifact. Analyzed of the semifixed feature elements is devide of stereotyped of arrangement of artifact. Inner space of dwelling are divided into seven areas and different types depending on the arrangement of artifacts excavated from the wall space. In the Pentagon-hearth dwelling, arrangement of artifact is distributed across the entire surface of a wall area. In the Hexagon-hearth dwelling, arrangement of artifact is concentrated in the back wall area of the dwelling. In the case of a Hexagon-heated floor dwelling, the tendency of the concentrated in the back wall area of the dwelling is followed and space division of pottery and iron tool is arised. Based on this, inner space of dwelling can be divided into kitchen·heating space, storage space, sleeping·inddor activity space. Various types of inner space utilization are identified in the Pentagon-hearth dwelling. Hexagon-hearth dwelling and Hexagon-heated floor dwelling are used to reduce the inner space utilization, and to transform the center of the residential space into a wider range of residential areas. The first factors affecting the change in the use of these inner spaces are the changes of plane form. In addition, the area of residential areas decreased, and the frequency of installing the inner pillar is reduced. Thus, the development of architectural technology has greatly affected the efficiency of the use of inner space. For the artifact excavated inside the inner space, it is possible to observe increasingly enlargement of artifact. This means that the limitations of indoor storage capacity have expanded, allowing the use of more efficient housing. Furthermore, the formation of a large pottery vessel will increase the fixed nature of the artifact and the back wall space will be used to store the space. The change in house form type has affected the use of inner space in the first place, which has resulted in changes in the type of arrangement of artifact. Changes in the production system of the pottery have increased the efficiency of space utilization in interactive with changes in the house form. Also, the spatial differentiation of the functional space of the inner area has been induced.

송국리취락의 변화와 그 의미

이동희 전북대학교 일반대학원 2014 국내석사

본 논문에서는 최근 발굴 조사성과를 바탕으로 부여 송국리유적의 유구와 유물을 분석하였으며, 총 5단계로 나눠 취락의 구조와 변화과정을 살폈다. 분석결과, 송국리유적의 변화상은 먼저 유구에 있어서 ① 대지조성 공사 후 중⋅소형의 방형A 주거지 및 1호 대형 굴립주 건물 단계 →② 구릉정상부에 목주열축조및 원형A 주거지 단계 →③ 대개 목주열보다 후행하는 소형~대형의 방형B 주거지 단계 →④ 소형~초대형의 방형C 주거지 및 설상대지의 2호 대형 굴립주 건물 단계 →⑤ 50‧55지구에 집중분포하는 원형B 주거지의 단계로 설정되었다. 또한 이러한 유구의 변화상을 출토된 토기와 석기에 대한 분석결과와 종합하면 송국리유적은 비교적 단시간 내에 유구의 반복축조 과정에서 형성된 것으로 이해되었다. 이처럼 비교적 짧은 시간 동안 유구의 잦은 축조와 폐기가 확인되는 배경으로 주변 집단들과의 마찰을 최소화하기 위한 경관의 사회적 이용 및 건축물 축조 비용의 최소화 등 자연자원의 효율적 활용 가능성을 제시하였다. In this writing, the features and artifacts from Songuk-ri site in Buyeo were analyzed based on recent excavation results. And structure and transition process of settlements was reviewed being divided into 5 phases. As a result, Songuk-ri site’s dwellings can be divided into; ‘Phase 1: making small- and medium-sized, rectangular A-type dwellings after making the base and making large-sized, No.1-type on-floor building’ → ‘Phase 2: making row of wooden poles on top of the hills and making round A-type dwellings’ → ‘Phase 3: making from small to large-sized, rectangular B-type dwellings which are mostly later than the row of wooden poles’ → ‘Phase 4: making from small to extra large-sized, rectangular C-type dwellings and making large-sized, No.2-type on-floor building’ → ‘Phase 5: making round B-type dwellings which are mostly found in area 50 and 55’. Moreover, considering this transition of dwellings together with the analysis of ceramics and stone tools, Songuk-ri site is understood as it was formed through re-building process in a relatively short term. And the possibility of effective use of natural resources to minimize conflicts with nearby groups, like social-usage strategy of landscape and minimizing the cost of building, was suggested as a reason of frequent production and destruction in a relatively short term.