Prevailing in a future conflict : conventional deterrence and defense strategies with a special Reference to the defense planning of the republic of Korea

이정민 Tufts Univ. 1988 해외박사

Network structure and mechanical properties of amine cured epoxy

손동우 Tufts Univ. 1993 해외박사

디아민계 에폭시 수지(DGEBA/DDS)의 구조와 물성의 상관관계를 반응조건 별로 비교 연구하였다. 상기 조성물을 120℃∼190℃ 범위 내에서 등온과 계단식방법 등의 다양한 방법으로 반응조건을 달리하여 경화하였다. 최종구조는 Fluorescence 와 UV-visible spectroscopy 를 이용하여 아민기의 반응정도 및 그에 따른 각각의 생성물 (예: chain ends, branch points, crosslink )의 조성비를 구하였다. 또한 에폭시기의 반응정도는 FTIR spectroscopy 와 DSC techniques를 이용하여 산출 하였다. 여기서 Fluorescence spectra 와 IR spectra 로부터 가각 아민-에폭시 반응과 에폭시기의 소멸반응 정도를 비교하였다. 그 결과 기초의 반응정도는 서로 거의 같았으나, 반응이 마무리되는 시점에서는 상당히 다른 양상을 보였다. 아민-에폭시 반응이 거의 Saturation 되는 것을 보일 때에도 에폭시기의 소멸반응 정도가 계속하여 증가하는 것을 볼수 있었다. IR spectra상에서 에테르 peak (107 cm ¹ )를 검사한 결과 등온 경화 시 온도가 140℃ 이상에서 그리고 대체로 반응말기 시점에서 에테르 구조의 형성이 현저함을 보였으며, 일반적으로 약 5 내지 10%의 에폭시기가 이러한 구조로 반응되어 소멸되는 것으로 나타났다. 서로 같은 에폭시기의 반응정도를 갖은 에테르 구조 함량에 차이를 갖는 조성물의 물성을 비교한 결과 에테르 구조 함량이 높을수록 fracture toughness 가 낮고, equilibrium moisture sorption 은 높았다. 또한 같은 아민-에폭시 반응정도를 갖으면서 아민기 생성물의 조성비를 달리한 조성물의 물성을 비교한 결과, crosslinks 양이 높은 것이 낮은 fracture toughness 값을 보였으나, dynamic mechanical properties 나 유리전이온도 등에서는 별 차이가 없었다.

Expression of a smooth Muscle Actin during the Haploid Phase of Spermatogenesis in the Mouse : 김은희

김은희 Tufts Univ 1990 해외박사

생쥐의 정소는 2. 1kb와 1. 5kb의 actin mRNA를 갖는다. 2. 1kb mRNA는 cytoplasmic β와 γ actin을 생성하며, spermatogenesis의 전 과정에 걸쳐서 발견되나 1. 5kb mRNA 는 감수분열 후의 세포들에서 발견된다. 본 논문에서는, 감수분열 후기의 1. 5kb actin mRNA가 smooth muscle actin(SMGA)임을 밝히고, 그 cDNA의 염기서열을 결정하였으며 그 유전자가 single copy gene으로서 생쥐 염색체 6번에 mapping됨을 보였으며, 그 유 전자의 부분적인 염기 서열도 보고하는 바이다. 생쥐의 SMGA로 부터 추론한 아미노산 의 서열은,359번 glutamine이 proline으로 바뀐 것을 제외하면 닭의 Smooth muscle ac tin과 거의 동일하다. 생쥐의 SMGA의 3'과 5' UT 부분의 염기서열은 다른 포유류의 ac tin들의 isotype들과 많이 달랐으며, 이로써 actin유전자의 UT 부분의 염기서열은 다 른 포유류의 actin들의 isotype들과 많이 달랐으며, 이로써 actin유전자의 UT부분은 포유류의 진화과정에서 잘 보존되지 않았음을 보여주었다. 정소의 SMGA 3'UT부분을 이 용하여 극히 specific한 probe가 얻어졌다. 1. 5kb actin mRNA 는 aorta, 소장, 자궁 등에서 발견되었으며 뇌,염통, 비장에서는 발견되지 않았다. 정소 SMGA mRNA는 sperm atogenesis cytoplasmic β와 r actin mRMA는 감소하여 대조를 이룬다. SMGA 단백질은 haploid spermatid 에서는 발견되나 epididymal sperm에서는 발견되지 않았다. 본 논 문은 male haploid germ cell에서 SMGA의 존재를 밝혔다. male germ cell에서의 SMGA 의 존재의미가 논의되었다.

The paralysis of culture: Developing a cultural awareness process to increase cross-cultural understanding in international organizations; the case of the World Health Organization

Johnson, Theodore A Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy (Tufts Univer 2009 해외공개박사

The culture of International Organizations is an amalgam of National and Organizational impacts on staff relationships which affect organizational efficiency and effectiveness. The research for this dissertation took place within the World Health Organization (WHO) and followed a qualitative process based on Grounded Theory. Data was obtained from several hundred WHO staff members who participated in workshops, interviews, focus groups and an online survey. A recurring theme from the data revealed that culture operated as a kind of paralysis, preventing people from expressing themselves comfortably, making it difficult to know what behavior was acceptable or expected and suppressing the ability to be assertive when necessary-all of which dampens the potential of an internationally diverse workforce. National Culture was examined following Hofstede's "4D" dimension of Individualism / Collectivism, Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance and Masculine /Feminine. Organizational Culture was examined from traditional functionalist theory, the impact of Haas' research on Epistemic Communities and Barnett and Finnemore's Bureaucratic Actor Models of structure and dysfunction. The research also examined the impact of National and Organizational Culture on communication and relationships among staff and management during meetings and negotiations. A significant finding is that Organizational Culture overrides National Culture in staff-to-staff relationships, creates a top down hierarchical environment that impacts decision-making leading to a pattern of bureaucratic normalization that fails to take advantage of cultural and gender diversity. The dissertation recommends that WHO and international organizations in general institute a process of discovering their cultural landscape as a resource and a potential of untapped power with which to further their missions and objectives. A further recommendation is to view cultural differences through a lens of "Consilience" where National, Organizational and Communication Cultures converge to produce holistic new approaches in research, analysis and practice in order to benefit both efficiency and effectiveness as well as to improve international integration.

Trade, technology and security : United States bilateral export-control negotiations with South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Australia

Sheen, Seongho Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy (Tufts Univer 2001 해외박사

From the early state of the Cold War, the United States initiated worldwide export controls as an economic containment policy against the Soviet Union. The U.S. government tried to block any transfer of militarily sensitive items and technologies to the Soviet Union, which may benefit the Soviet military strength. Although initially conceived as a temporary measure, the export controls became a major strategy to fights against communist threats in the name of national security. In order to make its efforts valid, the United States asked its allies for international cooperation of export controls. The United States and its western allies created Coordinated Committee(CoCom) as a multilateral regime of export controls. The United States also created extensive regimes of bilateral export control agreements with its non-Western allies. As technological capacity of some non-CoCom allies, such as Asian Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs), grew rapidly in the 1980s, the United States asked these allies to adopt CoCom level export controls. The U.S. negotiations with Asia-Pacific countries in the 1980s, later known as Third Country Cooperation(TCC), however, brought limited success. Despite their dependence on the United States and broad agreement on security interests, some countries did not cooperate with U.S. initiative as they saw divergent national interests with regard to export controls. The case studies of South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Australia shows that the four Asia-Pacific allies followed their own preferences in economic development, trade, and technology in deciding their cooperation with the U.S. demands. In particular, the U.S. government did not use its coercive leverage-denial of U.S. technology exports-against South Korea and Taiwan despite their non-cooperation due to concern for domestic industry’s business interest. This confirms that weaker allies’preference as well as hegemonic power is important determinant of regime cooperation.

The dynamics of binational environmental regime formation in the North American Great Lakes basin

Hagen, John O., Jr Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy (Tufts Univer 2009 해외공개박사

This study examines the development of water pollution management regimes by the United States and Canada in the Great Lakes basin. The analysis of three water pollution crises in the Great Lakes basin shows how jurisdictional differences between the two federal governments and the basin's state and provincial governments impede the formation and maintenance of pollution management regimes. For each crisis, the degree of public interest and the public framing of the problem are analyzed as independent variables that could potentially overcome the barriers to regime formation caused by federalism. The 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty established a legally binding norm that neither country would pollute water crossing the boundary to the injury of the other, thus creating a weak binational water pollution regime. Three subsequent cases of transboundary water pollution moved Canada and the United States to consider strengthening the binational regime to limit the injury caused by the pollution. In each case, overlapping government jurisdictions in the basin impeded regime strengthening. States and provinces, which controlled resource development, could not legally enter into binding regimes. The two federal governments could legally commit to a stronger regime, but had limited means to assure state and provincial compliance. Further complicating pollution management in the basin, the costs and benefits of an enhanced regime could not be evenly distributed among the different basin governments. In each crisis, the degree of public interest and the problem as framed by the public influenced government acceptance of potential regimes. Between 1910 and 1930, transboundary water pollution was framed as a public health problem that was characterized by persistent typhoid epidemics. Following World War II, water pollution was framed as an economic problem of balancing the use of the lakes as a sink for pollutants against the use of the lakes as a water source for municipalities and industries. By 1960, water pollution was framed as an environmental problem in which the mere presence of the pollution was intolerable to the public. The historical analysis across the three cases reveals that in a federal system, all levels of government participate in regimes, with each government using regime institutions not only to address pollution, but to influence the behavior of the other level of government in its own domestic system.

Evaluation use in non-governmental organizations: Unlocking the "do--learn--plan" continuum

Karan, Lakshmi Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy (Tufts Univer 2009 해외공개박사

This dissertation explored the factors that influence evaluation use and the challenges non-governmental organizations (NGOs) face in adapting learning practices and systems that enable use. While there has been much theoretical work done on evaluation use and learning in general how NGOs can build systems and practices to promote use has been missing. The research addressed this gap - it developed a utility model that identifies the key factors that influence use and the practical steps NGOs can take to implement the model. To get at the answers, the research reviewed the theoretical models - within evaluation and organizational theory - that promote use; conducted a survey to understand the current state of use within the NGO sector and the systems that provide an effective link between doing evaluations, knowing the results and learning from them. The final evaluation utility model presents a fundamental shift in how NGOs must approach program evaluation. It challenges the conventional thinking in the NGO sector with the notion that it is no longer sufficient to focus on use only at the program level. The utility model revealed that influencing factors must extend to include the larger context of organizational behavior and learning.

ON THE ROCKS: GORBACHEV AND THE KURILE ISLANDS (SOVIET UNION, JAPAN, RUSSIA, MIKHAIL GORBACHEV)

BERNSTEIN, LISBETH TARLOW FLETCHER SCHOOL OF LAW AND DIPLOMACY (TUFTS UNIVER 1997 국내박사

An Institutional assessment of the steel minimill industry and its implications for a dynamic model of technology transfer (steel industry)

Moonan, Shastri Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy (Tufts Univer 1996 국내박사

The Competitiveness of Argentina : from sheltered markets to global rivalry

Ingham, Veronica H Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy (Tufts Univer 1995 국내박사