경기 일부 지역 어린이집 원장과 조리종사자의 당류 저감화 인식도 및 급식 식단의 당류 함량 조사

강연록 수원대학교 일반대학원 2018 국내석사

The purpose of this research was to investigate several issues such as the perception of sugar reduction on the part of the childcare center heads and foodservice employees, educational status of sugar reduction, level of knowledge an but sugars, the status of added sugar in the childcare center menus, and the status of sugar reduction practices in Gyeonggi area. 88.4% of the subjects appeared to be aware that sugar reduction is important in the childcare center menus. It was found out that the childcare center heads in the Gyeonggi area have a high awareness rate about the importance of sugar reduction in the childcare center menus, necessity in actually putting the sugar reduction in practice. While the need for sugar reduction training on the part of the childcare center foodservice appeared to be high, the actual training and workshop related to sugar reduction was insufficient and the educational data and information appeared to be lacking. This is an indication that abundant opportunities for educational training and material about sugar reduction must be supplied first before anything else while efforts to raise awareness about sugar reduction should be carried out not only for childcare center heads in charge or planning childcare center menus but also for foodservice employees, children and parents. In addition, it can be concluded that there is a need to come up with a specific set of guidelines for sugar reduction in childcare center maels on the whole. The average sugar intake from food service was 45.97g. Furthermore, the analysis results of sugar content were in the decreasing order of breads (25.93g/100g) and steamed food (12.37g/100g). The habit of excessive sugar intake in childhood can be threaten health in adulthood. Thus, it is necessary for childcare center children to consume school menus that contain less sugar.

Type-2 퍼지추론 기반의 다항식 RBF 뉴럴네트워크에 관한 연구

백진열 수원대학교 일반대학원 2009 국내석사

본 연구에서는 퍼지추론 기반의 다항식 RBF 뉴럴네트워크(Polynomial Radial Basis Function Neural Network; pRBFNN)와 Type-2 퍼지추론 구동형 다항식 RBF 뉴럴네트워크(Interval Type-2 Polynomial Radial Basis Function Neural Network; IT2pRBFNN)를 설계하고 입자군집최적화(Particle Swarm Optimization; PSO) 알고리즘을 이용하여 모델의 파라미터를 동정한다. 첫 번째로 제안된 pRBFNN 모델은 'If-then' 형식으로 기술되는 퍼지규칙에 의하여 조건부, 결론부, 추론부 세 가지의 기능적 모듈로 표현된다. pRBFNN 조건부에서는 커널함수(또는 RBF)의 정의를 통하여 입력공간을 분할하게 된다. 여기서 커널함수는 HCM(Hard C-Means) 클러스터링 알고리즘에 기반을 두어 구조가 결정되며, 가우시안 함수와 inverse-multiquadratic 함수를 RBF로써 사용하고, 이들 함수와 함께 커널함수로써 원뿔형(conic) RBF를 제안한다. 또한 입력 공간 분할시 데이터 집합의 특성을 반영하기 위하여 표준편차에 의해 결정되는 RBF의 폭을 각 입력마다 고려한다. 결론부에서 제안된 pRBFNN의 연결가중치는 다항식으로 표현된다. 이는 상수항의 연결가중치를 가진 일반적인 RBF 뉴럴네트워크의 확장된 구조이다. 모델의 최종 출력은 추론부의 퍼지추론에 의하여 결정된다. 제안한 pRBFNN의 성능을 평가하기 위해 2입력 1출력의 비선형 함수, 활성오니공정 및 가스로 시계열 데이터를 이용하며, pRBFNN의 결과를 기존 모델과 비교하여 근사화 및 일반화 능력에 대하여 토의한다. 두 번째로 제안된 IT2pRBFNN 모델은 pRBFNN 모델의 확장된 구조로 Input layer, Fuzzification layer, Type-reduction layer 그리고 Defuzzification layer의 4개 층(layer)으로 구성된다. IT2pRBFNN의 Fuzzification layer는 uncertain standard deviation을 갖는 가우시안 RBF 활성함수를 사용한다. 여기서 활성함수의 수와 중심 선택은 HCM 클러스터링 알고리즘을 이용한다. 또한 모델의 로컬 출력식을 표현하는 연결가중치는 Interval set 형태의 계수로 구성된 다항식으로 확장 표현하며, 다항식의 연결가중치 계수 결정에는 경사하강법(Gradient descent method)을 이용한 오류역전파(back-propagation) 알고리즘에 의하여 수행된다. 최적의 IT2pRBFNN 모델을 설계하기 위한 학습율 및 활성함수의 활성화 영역 결정에는 PSO 알고리즘으로 동조한다. 마지막으로, 제안된 IT2pRBFNN 모델의 평가를 위하여 모의 데이터집합 및 기계 학습 데이터(machine learning dataset) 그리고 자동차 엔진의 연료분사시간에 관련된 데이터를 적용하여, 기존 모델과의 근사화 및 일반화 능력에 대하여 논의한다. In this study, two types of RBF network architectures such as the extended Polynomial Radial Basis Function Neural Network (pRBFNN) and pRBFNN based on interval Type-2 fuzzy set (IT2pRBFNN) are introduced and the parameters related to their networks are optimized by means of Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) algorithm. The first proposed pRBFNN architecture consists of three functional modules such as the condition part, the conclusion part, and the inference part as fuzzy rules formed in 'If-then' format. In the condition part of fuzzy rules, input space is partitioned with the aid of kernel functions(or RBFs). Here RBF, which is given as the structure of kernel functions, is generated by using Hard C-Means(HCM) clustering algorithm. We consider three types of RBFs such as gaussian type, inverse-multiquadratic type, and conic type. In order to reflect the characteristic of dataset when partitioning input space, we use the width of RBF defined by standard deviation of dataset. In the conclusion part of rules, the connection weight of pRBFNN is represented as three kinds of polynomials such as constant, linear, and quadratic, unlike in most conventional RBF neural network constructed with constant as connection weight. The output of pRBFNN model is obtained by fuzzy inference method in the inference part of fuzzy rules. In order to evaluate the proposed model, nonlinear function with 2 inputs, waster water dataset and gas furnace time series dataset are taken into consideration. The results of pRBFNN model are compared with some other intelligent models. The approximation as well as generalization ability is discussed from the viewpoint of output performance. The second proposed IT2pRBFNN model, which is the extended structure of the pRBFNN, consists of four kinds of layers such as input layer, fuzzification layer, type-reduction layer, and defuzzification layer. In the fuzzification layer of IT2pRBFNN, we consider a gaussian RBF with uncertain standard deviation. The connection weights of Type-2 based network as local model output are represented as a interval coefficient unlike in the conventional Type-1 based network with single constant coefficient. Here in the condition part of fuzzy rules, a gaussian RBF used in the IT2pRBFNN is generated with the aid of HCM clustering algorithm. The interval coefficient of polynomial connection weights is obtained through back-propagation algorithm. Also, in order to design the optimized IT2pRBFNN model, the learning rate and the distributed coefficient are tuned by PSO. Finally, in order to evaluate the proposed IT2pRBFNN model, five kinds of dataset such as synthetic dataset, three types of machine learning dataset and dataset related to fuel injection time for automobile were used. The output results of IT2pRBFNN are compared with some other intelligent models and also the approximation as well as generalization ability is discussed in comparison with other models.

스톤블록을 이용한 보차도 포장의 적용성 평가연구

박상준 수원대학교 일반대학원 2009 국내석사

Recently, the maintenance period of sidewalk pavement proposed in Ministry of Construction & Transportation to be extended by more than 10 years. Therefore it takes many interests in Durability and the maintenance. Beside sidewalk pavement, block pavement happened problems in parking and road less than 20km/hr about bearing capacity and durability, the maintenance. It interests about importance of environmentally friendly sidewalk pavement. It compared engineering characteristics about strength and durability through general pavement comparison with stone block pavement. It estimate bearing capacity in actual si-tu site and test site. It experimented plate bearing test and field density test. It verified about durability of pavement by construction availability of geosynthetics that is constructed by purpose of filter. Stone block pavement evaluated about application of sidewalk/road pavement on the basis of result. In this research, laboratory and on-site testings for actual and test construction sites of the stone block pavement were conducted in consideration of the time elements against publicly used pavement at the time of construction completion and after construction completion. In the event of a laboratory testing, the pavement material and the strength and compactness characteristics of the pavement structure were analyzed whereas the durability of the pavement through the pavement settlement and compactness characteristics were analyzed using the on-site testing. Through the geotextile tensile strength test, the effects that geotextile, incorporated as the filter material in the pavement structure, has on the durability of the pavement structure in addition to the intended objective of the filter within the structure were analyzed. As a result of the research execution, it is determined that displacement difference does not occur immediately following the construction , but according to the geotextile construction, severity in the displacement difference develops in second and fourth week of the construction completion increasing the durability. Also, the results of the plate loading testing in comparison to commonly used pavements showed that there is less settlement in the stone block pavement therefore determined to have a superior durability and confirmed its applicability on sidewalks and roads. From the maintenance perspective, the point load strength test result revealed that stone block has a far greater strength compared to the interlocking block and less susceptibility to damages for longer life span and the tensile test result of the non-woven fabric showed that tensile strength of the non-woven fabric greatly decreased and appeared that partial pavement structural layer load is applied and we also concluded that there is an affect on bearing power of the pavement.

작물의 성분함량이 에탄올 생산에 미치는 영향 및 에탄올 생산 균주 개발

이경은 수원대학교 일반대학원 2009 국내석사

The contents of starch, moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and ash of different varieties of several crops such as brown rice, barley, corn, sweet potato were analyzed. The average starch contents of brown rice, barley, corn, and sweet potato were 70.1±0.4~72.2±2.1, 68.7±0.2~71.4±1.2, 67.6±0.8~69.4±1.8, and 21.7±0.9~28.3±0.5%, respectively. The ground powder of each starchy substrate was suspended in distilled water, and then liquefied, saccharified, and fermented by dried active yeast at 30℃ for 4 days. By statistical analysis, the effectiveness of the contents of the different components of the crops on the ethanol production were examined. The results showed that the starch content positively affected the ethanol production in all the tested cereals and sweet potato. In brown rice, ash content affected negatively the ethanol production. In barley, protein content affected negatively the ethanol production, while fiber content affected positively the ethanol production. The sweet potato containing higher content of moisture produced less amount of ethanol. Various cereals were fermented for ethanol production using 25 different strains of yeast. The cereals used were barley (variety, Gwang -an), corn (variety, Gang-da-ok), triticale (variety, Shin-young), and wheat (variety, Wu-ri). The strain producing the highest amount of ethanol was KL5 for barley, KL23 for corn, KL5 and for triticale, and KL21 for wheat. Therefore, the results indicated that different yeast strains are required for producing the highest amount of ethanol from different cereal substrates.

일반여성의 생활무용 참여가 신체상(Body-Image)에 미치는 영향

전유범 수원대학교 일반대학원 2011 국내석사

The emergence of a new concept for health has been led the change of the cultural style in life. As three seems to be harmonized health between one's mind and body together with the increasing level of desire for the formation of the body image, the field of life dance which is believed to satisfy the physical and psychological desires is getting much attention. As a result, this study focuses on the analysis and specification of the influence of the participation by ordinary women in the field of life dance on the body image. The subject group of the study consists of 333 women in total. The group is classified into the experimental group which includes the women between 19 and 55 years old in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, who have participated in the program of life dance at least once a week for more than three months and the comparative group which includes the women not participating in the program of life dance. The questionnaires related to the measurement of the body image are based on the study executed by Junghwan Cho and Geumju Song (2002). In order to certify the credibility of the measuring tool, the Cronbach's alpha coordinates have been calculated. Also, the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) WIN 17.0 program has been used for the collected data, while t-test, one way ANOVA and the simple regression analysis have been executed. As a result, the following results have been drawn. Firstly, there seems to be statistically a noticeable difference in all the sub-fields of the body image in regard to the body image according to the participation by ordinary women in the field of life dance. Secondly, there seems to be difference for the body image according to the personal characteristics of ordinary women. There seems to be statistically a noticeable difference in all the sub-fields of the body image in regard to the body image according to such factors as ages, occupations and the experience of cosmetic surgery and diseases for ordinary women. On the other hand, there seems to be statistically no noticeable difference for the body image according to such factors as income and level of education for ordinary women. Thirdly, the level of participation by ordinary women in the field of life dance influences the body image. As the period of participation by ordinary women in the field of life dance becomes longer, there seems to be a positive influence on such factors as the level of interest and social dependency on one's dressing-up, the evaluation of one's health and stamina, the influence on the effect of one's exercise and the overall evaluation of one's appearance. As the frequency of participation by ordinary women in the field of life dance becomes greater, there seems to be a negative influence on the level of interest on one's dressing-up and the overall evaluation of one's appearance. As the intensity of participation by ordinary women in the field of life dance becomes longer, there seems to be a positive influence on the evaluation of one's health and stamina. Through this study, it can be concluded that the participation in the field of life dance influences the formation of a positive body image. Also, it can be regarded as an optimal way for the formation of an appropriate body image.

광 경화 유화아스팔트 물성 연구

전태용 수원대학교 일반대학원 2009 국내석사

Recently, much concerns are focused on global warming weather which is attributed to carbon dioxide. The researches about emulsion asphalt have started to reduce the carbon dioxide which is generated from the traditional hot asphalt mixing and pavement. However the durability of the emulsion asphalt is poor, so it is damaged easily. In this study, polymers, specifically polymer latex such as water dispersed PU, SBR latex, NR latex were used to improve the durability of emulsion asphalt. Also SB was added as a second modifier to improve the property by using of light(UV) irradiation. Results showed that among the first modifiers, Revertex(NR latex) gave the best properties, and SB added emulsion asphalt showed superior properties to without. TGA result revealed that the superior properties were endowed to the crosslinking structure formed by SB reaction with light(UV), which was manifested by the fact that higher weight fraction was remained in the case of SB added emulsion asphalt. Also TPO gave better properties than SB alone used.

그라우팅 보강영역의 투수계수와 점착력이 터널 거동에 미치는 영향 분석

가필순 수원대학교 일반대학원 2011 국내석사

Recently, domestic is increasing interest in the subsea tunnel. For example, subsea tunnel of first constructed 3.7 km connecting Busan and Geoje Island in korea was completed. In addition, the Boryeong - Taean Yeonryukgyo between the subsea tunnel and the cable-stayed bridges are planned. In this manner, domestically the subsea tunnel is attracting more and more attention and a new demand is emerging for construction of subsea facilities, including expansion of social infrastructures around coastal areas. Besides, not only domestically but also internationally, brisk studies in the middle of strong attention are under way on Korea-Japan and Korea-China subsea tunnel. Given the high underground water level and the vulnerability to influx of underground water the subsea tunnel may involve, construction of any subsea tunnel may require a solution for revamping the structure. As one solution, reinforcing the foundation with grouting method is expected to reduce the variables around the ground surface or the tunnel, effectively isolating the inflow of underground water. In this study, targeting subsea tunnel located in deep underground, the purpose that look at the impact of tunnel behavior regarding grouting permeability and cohesion. And the original research on the considered parameters and the not considered parameters(grouting permeability, cohesion) of sensitivity analysis for analyze the relationship between rock class, the thickness of shotcrete, grouting reinforcement area with different carried out numerical analysis. The results of sensitivity analysis through the effect of the tunnel behavior for grouting permeability and cohesion was found. When decreasing a grouting permeability if a special value reaches, a changes of the safety factor was insignificant, when increasing cohesion was found to increase the safety factor. Because it is an analysis aimed at subsea tunnel located in deep underground, we think that should be aware of the impact of tunnel behavior regarding grouting permeability and cohesion.

동양적 자연관을 통한 손애경의 작품에 관한 연구

손애경 수원대학교 일반대학원 2009 국내석사

According to Oriental Naturalism, Nature means not only Biological organism but also all creatures including Sky and ground. Begin of the spring goes to until winter and another getting spring, full moon goes to empty then slowly fill it up and being empty form again. It'll be distinct and reproduced again any plastic chair or wood chairthe circulation principal of nature like this is not only beyond our recognition and symbol but beyond time and space so that is everywhere, having a circular, unlimited concept. I tried to apply this concept to our lives, and then, accepting that, I made my work. I think we can feel the originally pure world if we take things as they are. They are not artificial and controlled. I made my work using the wood. The wood is the carrier of purity. The dead tree will be never extinct even if a living tree could have died. Because the nutrient of a dead tree can make a soil fertile so that can make the forest rich. The tree in my work is processed but the tree is alive so it can disappear and appear again. I wants to recognize the present of my work through a process of making my work. The recognition of the present will be the important basis to a forward way and i hope you will pursuit a better life as you look back on the meaning of life.

벼에서 존재하는 OsPIF1 전사 인자의 기능분석

Yong Ju, Lee 수원대학교 일반대학원 2009 국내석사

Phytochromes are red and far-red absorbing photoreceptors that provide plants with circadian, seasonal, and positional information which is critical for the control of germination, seedling development, shade avoidance, reproduction, dormancy, flowering, and sleep movement. Phytochromes are unique among the plant photoreceptors in their capacity to interconvert between a red-absorbing form (Pr form) which is biologically inactive and a far-red absorbing form (Pfr form) which is biologically active. Phytochromes regulate various light responses through interacting with signalling proteins such as PIFs (phytochrome interacting factors) and PILs (PIF like factors) in Arabidopsis thaliana. We have identified and characterized a PIF in rice (Oryza sativa) for the first time. We named it as a OsPIF1. OsPIF1 is one of the bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) transcription factors. We have compared the phenotype of T-DNA insertional mutant of OsPIF1, activation tagging line of OsPIF1, and wild type. The coleoptile length of knockout mutant and activation tagging line was shorter than the wild type in far-red light and dark grown seedlings. The amounts of chlorophyll of knockout mutant were less than the those of wild type, and the amounts of chlorophyll of activation tagging line were more than those of the wild type in the red light grown seedlings. The germination rate of the knockout mutant is below 20% of the germination rate of the wild type. In conclusion, OsPIF1 involves in the regulation of coleoptile elongation, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and the germination process.

損傷制御試驗을 利用한 結晶質 巖石의 脆性破壞 特性硏究

박현익 수원대학교 일반대학원 2009 국내박사

Most crystalline rocks have much higher compressive strength than tensile strength and show brittle failure. In-situ rock mass, strong enough in general sense, often fails in brittle manner when subjected to high stress exceeding strength in due of geometrically induced stress concentration or of high initial stress. Therefore, it is necessary to verify the brittle failure characteristics of rock and rock mass for proper stability assessment of underground structures excavated in great depths. In this study, damage controlled tests were conducted on biotite-granite and granitic gneiss, which are the two major crystalline rock types in Korea, to obtain the strain dependency characteristics of the cohesion and friction angle. A Cohesion-Weakening Friction-Strengthening (CWFS hereafter) model for each rock type was constructed and a series of compression tests were carried out numerically while varying confining pressures. The same tests were also conducted assuming the rock is Mohr-Coulomb material and results were compared. Finally, this model was used to observe the failure mode of the rock around tunnels excavated in various depths and the minimum possible depth of brittle failure was determined for the rock types concerned. The result of the damage-controlled test shows that the maximum and residual cohesion of the granitic gneiss were 58 MPa and 12 MPa respectively, and the maximum angle of internal friction was 50. Also, the plastic strain limit for cohesion loss was 0.45%, limit for full mobilization of the friction was 0.75%. Corresponding cohesions for biotite-granite were 53 MPa and 7.5 MPa and friction angle being 60. and the plastic strain limit for cohesion loss was 0.35%, and the limit for full mobilization of the friction was 0.75% . Examination of the result reveals that the damage parameters are dependent on rock type and thus have to be obtained from the test on the rock in concern. To analyze the failure characteristics of the rocks, compression tests were carried out numerically. When modeled by CWFS criterion, the rock showed clear brittle-ductile transition with the increasing confining pressure, but failed to show this transition by the M-C criterion. A tri-linear failure envelope proposed by Kaiser and Diederichs et al. was established from the plane plots of the Hoek-Brown failure envelope, obtained from the regression analysis of the laboratory test results, along with the initial and residual strengths predicted by CWFS model. Stability analyses of the tunnels excavated in great depths were also conducted under the assumption that the rock mass fails by the CWFS criterion and that strength and elastic moduli of the rock mass are 1/4 of those of intact rock. Notch-shaped brittle failure was observed for the case of K0=2.0 at the depth of 500 m, and for all cases (K0=0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) at the depth of 1,000 m. From this result, it was believed that the minimum ratio of is 0.6. Results by the M-C criterion show no sign of brittle failure except rather thick regions of plasticity at the bottom of the tunnel. Support systems using rockbolts and shotcrete were proposed, but failed to rule the brittle failure out . As can be seen from the results above, the brittle failure of rock and rock mass is difficult to cope with the ordinary support system and is hardly predicted with the conventional failure criteria. Therefore, it is concluded that for the design of an underground structure in a great depth where brittle failure is expected, a thorough investigation of the site including related laboratory tests followed by numerical approaches using strain-weakening criteria, e.g. CWFS criterion, is more than necessary.