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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Zelner, Bennet Andrew (검색결과 2 건)
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Zelner, Bennet Andrew University of California, Berkeley 2001 해외박사(DDOD)
This dissertation examines how the strength of a firm's “interest group competitors”—rival interest groups with which the firm has a distributive or allocative conflict, such as the consumers of its products or the suppliers of substitute products—interacts with the political and regulatory institutions that define the “rules of the game” to affect the firm's investment choices. It contributes to the growing body of research on politics and firm strategy by suggesting that the manner in which such institutions shape a firm's investment decision is not uniform, but rather depends on the strength of its interest group competitors. When the firm faces strong political competitors, “responsive” institutions that fail to limit the discretion of political actors confront the firm with the risk from unfavorable distributive or allocative policies. The expectation of adverse treatment leads the firm to pursue “defensive” strategies, of which reduced investment is one form. In contrast, when the firm faces weak interest group competitors, it anticipates favorable treatment by political actors. In this case, responsive institutions facilitate the promulgation of favorable policies toward the firm, and lead the firm to pursue an “opportunistic” strategy characterized by increased investment. The dissertation applies these arguments to the investment strategies of firms engaged in the generation of electricity. It contains two empirical applications, both of which feature the political influence of the business consumers of electricity, as measured by the ratio of business to total consumption of electricity (the “B/T ratio”). The first application is a cross-national econometric analysis of the investment choices of up to 78 countries during the period 1970–1994. The econometric model relates country-level measure of institutional responsiveness and the B/T ratio, as well as other relevant influences, to a country's growth rate of generating capacity. The second application examines how differences in US state-level regulatory selection methods and partisan unity, together with a state's B/T ratio, influence the planned investment strategies of US investor-owned electric utilities during the period 1990–1996. This analysis complements the cross-national analysis by focusing exclusively on private sector firms, and also identifying the effects of specific political institutional attributes rather than aggregate measures of institutional attributes. Both of the empirical analyses are generally supportive of the hypotheses.
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Zelner, Jonathan L University of Michigan 2011 해외박사(DDOD)
This dissertation addresses infectious disease transmission at several levels: within households, communities, and villages within a region. At each level, we consider the elements of social behavior and social structure relevant for understanding infectious disease transmission dynamics and risk of infection. In the first chapter, which focuses on the household level, we analyze a series of household outbreaks of norovirus (NoV), a common gastrointestinal pathogen. This paper takes advantage of a natural experiment in which many households were infected at once after exposure to an infectious food-handler. This allows us to examine within-household transmission in a way that is separated from other social processes. In the second paper, we focus on community level norovirus transmission, incorporating insights from the household-level analysis in paper one with empirical data on social processes. We focus specifically on age-structured contact patterns in order to build a community-wide model of norovirus transmission. This model sheds light on the role social behavior plays in the community-level epidemiology of gastrointestinal pathogens. Finally, in the third paper, we focus at the geographic regional level, examining the risk of gastrointestinal illness across communities. This paper looks at how variability in remoteness and community-wide social networks impacts risk of gastrointestinal illness in a group of 19 villages in rural, northern coastal Ecuador. Taken together, these papers address a number of theoretical and methodological issues that are important to both the epidemiology of infectious diseases and the sociology of health and illness.
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