Muskelmorphometrische Befunde der Neuropathien bei Diabetes mellitus und deren Korrelation zu klinischen Befunden

Wroblewski, Katja Universit¨at Hamburg 1996 국내박사

What happens after 3:00? Social relationships of adolescents with Down syndrome

Wroblewski, Rene Elizabeth State University of New York at Buffalo 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

Relationships with others are crucial for social, psychological, and physical well-being. These relationships help to define who we are. Social relationships of people with significant disabilities have been a topic of discussion and research for many years. What is missing from this research base is what we, as humans, find most important about social interactions that is, the essence of the interactions themselves. Additionally, most prior research on the social relationships of individuals with significant disabilities has studied the relationships of young children. Social relationships of adolescents with significant disabilities have been examined primarily through the use of quantitative research methods within the context of the classroom. The present study developed a multiple case study to examine the social relationships of individuals with significant disabilities outside of the parameters of the school day. Furthermore, the present study examined the social relationships between individuals with disabilities, while prior research studies have focused on the relationships between people with disabilities and their nondisabled peers. Four research questions regarding the social lives and interactions of adolescents with Down syndrome were addressed through participant observation and interviews. Steps were taken to assure informed consent by the participants' parents and assent by the participants. Strategies were utilized to increase the trustworthiness of the results. Findings indicate that participants participated in integrated, nonintegrated and semi-integrated social activities, gave and received various social supports and utilized humor in a variety of ways. Social arenas were created through interplay of the actions and characteristics of the participants and others in the social settings.

Paternity and father-offspring relationships in wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii

Wroblewski, Emily Elizabeth University of Minnesota 2010 해외박사(DDOD)

Hamilton's seminal theory of kin selection asserts that because relatives share a certain proportion of genes, individuals can increase their inclusive fitness by helping and/or not harming kin, as long as the benefits to kin outweigh the costs to the individual. We would expect animals to attain maximal inclusive fitness by discriminating both the available maternal and paternal kin from non-kin in their social groups. The primate order is a useful taxon in which to study kin selection and kin discrimination because most primates live in permanent social groups with both kin and non-kin between which to discriminate, and their complex social interactions provide many opportunities to both hurt and aid others. However, the prevailing view has been that the discrimination of paternal kin does not occur in most species. Despite emerging studies that suggest otherwise, study of paternal kin discrimination thus far has been limited in primates. Furthermore, study has been restricted to matrilineal species with male-biased dispersal. Paternal kinship could also be important in a patrilineal species such as chimpanzees as males will remain with fathers and other paternal kin for life, as will females until they disperse. Thus, this study aimed to further our understanding of importance of paternal kinship in social behavior by examining the most direct paternal relationship, that of fathers and offspring, in the chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Identifying fathers and offspring and characterizing their relationship is a necessary first step on the way to testing for kin discrimination amongst non-descendent paternal kin. Thus, in Chapter 1, I first determined paternal relationships and explored patterns of male reproductive success relative to dominance rank and the priority of access model, as well as fathers' mating strategy and age. Then in Chapter 2, I examined whether fathers showed parental investment in their juvenile and adolescent sons. Finally, in Chapter 3, I investigated whether there was inbreeding avoidance between fathers and daughters.

Human Skeletal Muscle Units for the Repair of Volumetric Muscle Loss

Wroblewski, Olga Maria ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Mich 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a common pathological condition caused by traumatic loss of skeletal muscle that exceeds the muscle’s regenerative capabilities and results in functional impairment. Current standards-of-care fail to fully recover contractile function. To address these limitations, our laboratory has developed scaffold-free tissue engineered skeletal muscle units (SMUs) for the treatment of VML. Isolated skeletal muscle stem cells (satellite cells) and fibroblasts are cultured into a confluent cell monolayer before being rolled into a cylindrical 3D construct. SMUs are biocompatible, incorporate into surrounding muscle tissue upon implantation, and have shown efficacy to partially repair a 30% VML in rat and sheep models. Ideally, SMUs could be engineered from small autogenic muscle biopsies, alleviating the limitations of donor site morbidity and immune rejection seen in current VML treatments. There are two key challenges that must be resolved to successfully translate our technology to a human cell-sourced model. To date, it has been difficult to grow human cell-sourced SMUs with contractile function. Secondly, many satellite cells are required for SMU fabrication. Any methodology that can optimize the number of cells obtained in a human skeletal muscle biopsy and enhance the functional properties of the resultant muscle tissue will advance SMUs towards clinical use. The work described in this thesis addresses these challenges.Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) has shown promise enhancing myobundle formation and contractile function in vitro, but the impact of hEGF treatment on SMU fabrication had yet to be evaluated. We investigated the effects of hEGF on SMU fabrication, structure, and biomechanical function. Our results indicated that hEGF treatment was an effective means to enhance contractile function in human cell-sourced SMUs as evidenced by the 30 times higher force generated by SMUs treated with 7.5nM hEGF. The higher force was primarily due to increases in SMU myosin content.Due to the small numbers of satellite cells present in skeletal muscle, we also sought to optimize our methodologies so that fewer satellite cells are required for effective SMU fabrication. By altering the timing of our fabrication protocol and allowing cell cultures to reach >90% confluency in media that promotes proliferation, we found that we could lower starting cell-seeding density by 90% compared to ovine models to 1,000 cells/cm2 with no detrimental impact to monolayer development or SMU function.To further expand the capabilities of satellite cells from a single autogenic skeletal muscle biopsy, we evaluated the impact of in vitro cell proliferation (increasing cell number by cell passaging) on human primary skeletal muscle cells within an engineered skeletal muscle tissue environment. While cell passaging decreased the percentage of Pax7-positivecells in the total cell population from 17% to >10%, the size and contractile function of skeletal muscle constructs formed were not different from those created with unpassaged cells. With a cell-seeding density of 1,000 cells/cm2, a single passage can increase the total cell yield from a human skeletal muscle biopsy fiftyfold compared to cells harvested without a passage.Overall, this work significantly contributed to the field of skeletal muscle tissue engineering by advancing fabrication methodologies to develop SMUs of appropriate structure and function for human application. We addressed key limitations in human cell-sourced skeletal muscle tissue engineering by optimizing cell culture conditions to increase the cell yield from a single skeletal muscle biopsy and also promoting SMU biomechanical function.