A Republic of Lost Peoples: Race, Status, and Community in the Eastern Andes of Charcas at the Turn of the Seventeenth Century

Weaver Olson, Nathan Weaver ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Minn 2017 해외박사(DDOD)

(The) Impact of Economic Development on Families and Society in south Korea

Weaver, Damien Ernest James 세종대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사

Abstract While Koreans vary demographically in their religious affiliations, the underlying culture that has effectively bound Korean society historically is distinctly Confucian. Although Confucianism originated in China nowhere else in the world have the values taken deeper root. In accordance with one of Confucianism's most defining traits, collectivism, Koreans experience shame-based pressure to conform to societal norms. This is in contrast to the West, where inward-looking guilt has been the more primary moral mechanism. While different in kind, until the recent past, the socializing forces of Confucian shame in Korea, and Christian guilt in the West have accomplished the cultural task of endowing private behaviour with larger meaning. Traditionally, stable families became the building blocks of a good society for Christians as well as Confucians because having one’s identity defined within the context of a family was both practically and biologically beneficial. Practically speaking, families bring meaning to an individual’s life while instilling order to the chaos of public life, while from a biological perspective, a stable family provides an ideal environment for the physical and psychological development of children who are expected to someday become parents themselves and contribute to society. While it’s easier to compare the differences between Western and Asian cultures, the forces responsible for the breakdown of marriage in both the West and the East as well as the vast intergenerational differences in attitudes across developing Asia, particularly in Korea, are illustrative of this greater phenomena, post-materialism. According to Inglehart and Wertzel, post-materialism, through the release of individual passions and a new focus on self-expression, transforms the world views of modern individuals. This culminates in a new quest for self-actualization and as a result marriages suffer as husbands and wives become less willing to make the sacrifices necessary to ensure their strength and stability. Korea has experienced some of the fastest growth recorded in modern times they and has one of the most significant intergenerational rifts in the world. When it comes to divorce, the differing opinions clearly divide into the traditional, older generation and the younger, modern one. As a result, Korea has seen their divorce rate rise faster than any other country following the tremendous economic growth in the latter decades of the 20th century. Once a bond held firm by societal pressures to conform and the desire of children to fulfill family responsibilities to their ageing parents, Koreans too are no longer prepared to sacrifice their individual happiness. To a degree, the socializing force of Korean culture has been lost. Similar to the situation in the West, the objective concern of society or even the extended family has been replaced by the subjective view of the individual. In Korea, over the course of only a few decades, a traditional, in this case, communitarian-based culture has moved rapidly in the direction of self-expressive, post-materialist values. This new generation is slowly replacing parents and grandparents of mostly agrarian backgrounds who were taught the importance of social harmony through individual subordination and a strict conformity to hierarchical relationships. Marriages are seen less as traditional bonds between families, securing the wealth and prosperity of future generations and more like the utility-based contracts between individuals less willing to sacrifice their individuality or happiness for the larger, shared goals of family. What I will argue over the course of this paper is that while the collectivist foundation of Korean culture may slow down the decline of marriage and rise of individualism, post-materialism is currently and will continue to erode these bonds in Korea. This is already evident in economic indicators, like lower rates of saving, a focus on the here and now instead of past and future generations; a decline in the respect for authority, including the elderly and the loosening of family ties; the improved rights of animals; a strengthening of democratic values and the rights of women; the abolishment of laws that had once guarded the traditional ideal of relations between men and women; changing attitudes towards suicide and euthanasia; and finally in the current dating behaviour and sexual activity of young people.

THE PHOTOJOURNALISM OF THE VIETNAMESE CONFLICT AS RELIGIOUS ART (ART, TILLICH PAUL)

WEAVER, JANN CATHER Graduate Theological Union 1992 국내박사

The impact of neighborhood problems and economic hardship on psychosocial maladjustment on low-income, urban black and Hispanic young adolescents: The mediating influences of maternal psychological distress and family functioning

Weaver, Scott R State University of New York at Albany 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Informed by the family stress model of economic hardship (R. D. Conger et al., 1992) and the transactional model of neighborhood influences (M. W. Roosa, et al., 2003), the present study examined a hypothetical model of the influences of mothers' perception of neighborhood problems and financial strain on concurrent levels and subsequent change in adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptom levels. Using data from the Welfare, Children, and Families: A Three City Study and advanced structural equation modeling techniques, maternal internalizing symptomatology, authoritative and disengaged parenting styles, mothers' knowledge of children's activities, and family routines were examined as putative mediators in a sample of 1037 low-income, urban Black and Hispanic young adolescents and their mothers. Measurement invariance and equivalence of hypothesized structural relations were investigated across ethnic/gender subsamples. Although a few hypothesized relations either were not observed or were of opposite valence, the hypothesized model was generally supported by the data. The pattern of relationships varied across ethnic/gender subsamples in both expected and unexpected ways. Mothers' internalizing symptoms emerged as an important mediator for all subsamples. Although each family and parenting construct emerged as a salient mediator, the salience of each construct depended on outcome factor (delinquency or internalizing symptoms) and on the ethnicity and gender identification of the adolescent. Potential explanations for the unexpected findings, directions for future research, and possible implications for preventive interventions are discussed. Major contributions of this study to the scientific literature include a focus on a Hispanic sample, which is vastly underrepresented among studies testing similar models, and inclusion of two constructs (notably, perceived neighborhood problems and family routines) that have been given mention in the theoretical literature but rarely examined empirically.

"Fruit of the vine, work of human hands": An archaeology and ethnohistory of slavery on the Jesuit wine haciendas of Nasca, Peru

Weaver, Brendan J. M Vanderbilt University 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

The Impact of Mycotoxins on Growth and Health of Swine

Weaver, Alexandra Clare North Carolina State University 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

Mycotoxins, fungal secondary metabolites, cause serious problems for producers of crops and animals. Pigs are known to be particularly affected by mycotoxins, but questions exist on how low to moderate concentrations impact these animals, or if there are reliable ways to reduce the adverse effects. Since the impact of mycotoxins begins with consumption, the first objective of this project was to investigate conditions promoting mycotoxin development. In Experiment 1, data was collected from corn tested for aflatoxin (AF) in North Carolina over 8 years to determine AF occurrence and development. Aflatoxin contamination over 20 mug/kg was observed in 43.7 % of samples (n=469), with an 8 year average of 110 mug/kg. Spring conditions were most influential in AF formation, with warm temperatures, low precipitation, and drought increasing the probability of higher levels. After examining conditions promoting mycotoxin occurrence, the second objective of this research was to determine mycotoxin impacts on pigs of varying ages, and to determine methods to reduce effects. In Experiment 2, the impact of deoxynivalenol (DON) at 3.0 mg/kg was investigated. By restrictively feeding control pigs to the level of feed consumed by mycotoxin fed animals, the impact of reduced feed intake was eliminated. The most notable impact of DON was on the jejunum, which showed localized gut inflammation due to an increase in the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha, along with a reduction in villus height and increased crypt depth. This response appears to be a direct effect of damage by DON, rather than a response to reduced feed intake. Experiments 3, 4, and 5 further investigated the impacts of AF, DON, and fumonisin (FUM) on sows, nursing piglets, and pigs at nursery and growing stages. These mycotoxins reduced nursery pig performance and caused tissue damage. The reproductive performance of sows fed low AF and FUM was not affected, nor was growth of their piglets. However, AF was transferred into milk as aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) at rates similar to ruminants. These experiments also investigated the ability of traditional and alternative ingredients to reduce mycotoxins. Yeast based additives provided a method to reduce some effects of DON. A clay additive was tested with sows, but conclusions could not be drawn on efficacy because AF and FUM did not severely impact sows or piglets. However, this additive did not eliminate AFM1 from milk. Finally, spray dried plasma protein (SDPP) was tested to reduce AF and FUM. Although this ingredient is commonly used in pig diets, it is not thought of as a product to reduce the impact of mycotoxins. However, pigs fed 6 % SDPP directly after weaning were minimally affected by subsequent consumption of AF and FUM. This response may be due to reduced weaning stress and improved gut health prior to the mycotoxin challenge. As shown in Experiment 2, the gut is a target of mycotoxins and SDPP may reduce the impacts at this location. In the last experiment, data from 7 studies was combined to make final conclusions on the impact of AF, DON, and FUM on pigs. Through statistical modeling, equations were developed to predict the effects of mycotoxin co-contamination on pig performance and health. Collectively, this series of experiments showed that mycotoxins have adverse effects on pigs at low to moderate concentrations, and that co-contamination may further increase the impacts. This project addresses the problem of mycotoxins in the swine industry in two ways: first, by modeling the climatic conditions that influence AF formation allowing the industry to predict when crops may be contaminated, and secondly through the investigation of feed additives that can reduce mycotoxin effects on pigs.

Injury as a barrier to physical activity and the moderating effects of intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, race and gender

Weaver, Nancy Louise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

Introduction. There is compelling evidence that engaging in physical activity (PA) is one of the best ways individuals can improve their quality of life and longevity. Despite numerous public health approaches used to promote PA, less than a third of the US population is active enough to achieve these benefits. Research suggests that having an injury is often reported as a reason for not engaging in physical activity. The aims of this dissertation were to describe the injury experience of study participants, to investigate the perceived effects that injury has on PA and the extent to which injury predicts PA in subgroups of interest. Method. Cross-sectional data were collected using self-administered questionnaires from 1,104 lower and middle-income African American and White adults, ages 18--65, from two public health centers in St. Louis, Missouri. Results. Thirty-three percent (n = 367) of participants reported at least one injury during the previous 12 months. Forty-four percent of injuries required in-hospital treatment and 69% interfered with daily activities for one week or more. Sprains and strains each accounted for 18% of the injuries and 34% of injuries were to the leg/knee/ankle/foot. African Americans were more likely to experience a severe injury than Whites. Participants perceived that their injury greatly affected their overall PA, types and enjoyment of PA, and the frequency, intensity and duration of PA. In adjusted logistic regression models, those with more severe injuries had 1.5 to 1.7 greater odds of reporting that their physical activity had decreased in the last 12 months compared to those who reported no injury. For African Americans, injury was not predictive of decreased PA, whereas for Whites, those who reported an injury had up to 2.3 greater odds of reporting a decrease in physical activity. For those with high self-efficacy or high motivation, injury was not a significant predictor of decreased activity. However, injured adults with low self-efficacy or low intrinsic motivation had almost twice the odds of reporting that their physical activity had decreased in the past 12 months. Conclusions. Efforts to promote PA will be more effective by addressing injury experience.

The self-presenter's paradox: Motivated reasoning in information integration

Weaver, Kim Princeton University 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

Research on impression formation shows that perceivers evaluate targets with multiple features by combining the features to form coherent and consistent overall judgments. Often, perceivers use weighted averaging strategies to satisfy this goal. Four studies examined whether individuals in self presentational roles anticipate evaluators' impression formation processes when self presenting. Consistent with previous work, participants taking evaluator roles used weighted averaging strategies to integrate information about job candidates (Studies 1–3) and manuscripts (Study 4). In contrast, participants taking self presentational roles failed to anticipate averaging on the part of their audience and, to their detriment, included mildly favorable information when designing portfolios. Study 3 addresses several of the psychological mechanisms that underlie this divergence. Results from Study 4 replicate and extend these findings using experts in the roles. Implications of these results for self presentation and the study of motivated reasoning are discussed.

Every good boy does fine: Policy ecology, masculinity politics, and the development and implementation of Australian policy on the education of boys, 2000--2005

Weaver-Hightower, Marcus B The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

In 2002, the Australian Government released the world's first national level policy on the education of boys, in the form of a report, Boys: Getting it Right. This dissertation examines the report, its production, and its implications over five years, along with the report's uniquely Australian cultural underpinnings, its conservative political contours, its resulting initiatives, and its application in select schools. Specific focus involves critically scrutinizing the strongly conservative politics of Boys: Getting it Right. Through analysis of interviews, public hearings, written submissions, and references, the study shows that recuperative masculinity politics were highly represented on the committee that produced the report, among the witnesses and experts relied on most, and in the resulting initiatives. I also develop a metaphor for understanding policymaking contexts as "policy ecologies" and argue for the report itself as a policy. Then, applying methods of critical qualitative research and analysis, I explore the international, national, and local contexts of the policy-report. In the international context, Boys: Getting it Right participates in a general "boy turn" in gender and education research and practice. Its national roots include Australia's colonial history; size, population, and geography; dynamics of gender, race, and class; and its particular, mythical brand of masculinity. The policy-report's local implications are examined in two case studies. One describes a cluster of schools conducting a Boys' Education Lighthouse Schools grant project, an initiative following from Boys: Getting it Right. The other investigates a private religious school, one with policy independence, to determine the ways it approached boys' education and the report. Using these cases, I discuss reasons educators pursue boys' education or do not and the ways in which they approach these issues. The study also considers the (pro)feminist resistance to the policy, and it offers suggestions for empirical hope and "situated strategizing" for progressive groups in the face of strong contextual shifts in favor of conservative boy advocates. Then, finally, the comparative lessons of Australia's boys' education policy and the policy ecology metaphor are applied to the United States, where boys' issues, by contrast, are more diffuse, localized, and structurally limited.

Theorizing atonality: Herbert Eimert's and Jefim Golyscheff's contributions to composing with twelve tones

Weaver, Jennifer L University of North Texas 2014 해외박사(DDOD)

In 1924, Herbert Eimert's Atonale Musiklehre was the first published text to describe a systematic approach to composing atonal music. It contains significant contributions to the discourse on the early development of twelve-tone composition. While Eimert uses the term "atonal" to describe his compositional approach, his definition of atonality demands that all twelve tones be present with none repeated, and that they present as complexes not ordered rows. Eimert's discussion of atonality differs from others of the same period because he focuses on vertical sonorities and introduces "interlocking complexes", wherein two separate statements of the aggregate can overlap by one pitch or by a set of pitches. Interlocking complexes are an important feature of Eimert's string quartet Funf Stucke fur Streichquartett, which was published in 1925 and composed at the same time as Atonale Musiklehre was written. In the foreword to Atonale Musiklehre, Eimert clarifies that he is not the originator of the concept of atonality, rather that he absorbed the ideas of Josef Matthias Hauer and Jefim Golyscheff. Twelve-tone complexes appear first in Golyscheff's 1914 String Trio. He refers to them as "twelve-tone duration complexes" and labels them in the score. As the name "duration complexes" implies, there are examples of serial rotation of rhythm in the Trio, a technique that is not developed further until the 1950s. Combined with the text of Atonale Musiklehre, the compositions of Golyscheff and Eimert from the year immediately following the book's publication provide insight into the early development of "atonality" and twelve-tone compositional methods. Investigation of these documents that have not been thoroughly discussed in print provides a broader perspective of the development of these methods of composition.