Making a National Crime: The Transformation of US Lynching Politics 1883-1930

Seguin, Charles Franklin ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

Between the Post-Civil War Reconstruction era and stretching into the beginning of the Civil Rights era, a dramatic shift occurred in the public representations of lynching. Lynching was originally framed as a form of rough justice and popular sovereignty---a necessary response to the heinous crimes of blacks and slow courts. But, over this period, roughly 1883-1930, lynching came to be understood as a form of brutality, anarchy, and "barbarism". This dissertation addresses the causes and consequences of the changing meanings of lynching. I argue that lynching was increasingly criticized as lynch mobs victimized people from outside of the usual black Southern victims, and thus expanded the scope of anti-lynching politics.

Evaluating educational sustainability: Effects of training and program delivery on adults implementing diversity awareness programs for children at 11 Michigan summer camps

Seguin, Christine Anne Koenig Wayne State University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

This research gauges the effectiveness of the staff preparation component of a Diversity Awareness at Summer Camp (DASC) training program, a project of the National Conference for Community and Justice (NCCJ) and the Skillman Foundation. Camps may be ideal school laboratories for practicing organizational application of educational program concepts; camps also provide ideal microcosms for learning about human and cultural diversity. This work defines a concept of sustainable education, linking it to multicultural education, the taxonomy domain of affect and affective education, and to priorities of physical, emotional, and physical safety in educational settings. Sustainable education requires leadership willing to confront taboos of silence and denial over institutional inequality, privilege, and power. Changes in attitudes, beliefs, and values among 260 participating staff are observed with a pretest/posttest questionnaire. These results are compared to outcomes researched with campers in order to determine the program's educational sustainability. Further quantitative and qualitative material is analyzed in addition to the survey data used to address the initial research questions guiding this study. For the questionnaire's statistical analysis a paired t-test was made at the .05 level for three groups of scales: beliefs, attitudes, and values. Statistically significant change was found in responses to the values scale questions for the whole group. When analyzed by age and gender groupings, statistically significant change was found in responses to the values scale questions for the youngest and oldest staff, and for women. Men exhibited statistically significant change in their responses to items on the beliefs and attitudes scales. The statistically significant staff results from this research on the DASC program points to a path of promising practices for sustainable education curriculum development of diversity awareness programs. Diversity awareness programs such as this can be included in most violence prevention programs, anti-bias/anti-racism programs, and multicultural education efforts in all venues serving the needs of children: schools, camps, recreation centers, and youth groups.

Constructivist high school teachers in a metropolitan school district: Three case studies

Seguine, Denise Dianne Wichita State University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

As a result of several societal and educational trends, many teachers have been compelled to transform their classroom instructional techniques to prepare students for an unknown future in American society. While the structure and curriculum of elementary schools lend themselves toward constructivist practices, high school teachers find themselves in a culture where teaching with constructivist methods is overwhelmingly difficult. This multiple-case study tells the story of how 3 purposively selected high school constructivist teachers have attained their knowledge and skills and how these knowledge and skills translate into classroom applications in the high school setting. The researcher conducted yearlong, ongoing interviews and observations with selected participants and reviewed documents provided by each constructivist teacher. Data were analyzed and compared using constant comparative and content analysis procedures. Selected major findings and reflections verified that constructivist teachers believed they were born with the propensity toward teaching. Crystallizing events formed the foundation of their personal learning theories, which these constructivist teachers described clearly in metaphoric language. Their classroom practices evolved over time to become more congruent with their belief systems and reflected core constructivist tenets. Constructivist teachers fostered strong relationships with their students and taught beyond the prescribed curriculum to ensure meaningful student learning. These constructivist teachers enacted their practice with or without administrative support and desired professional development that addressed their needs and promoted an active learning environment. They were outliers among their high school colleagues, and they embraced teaching as a lifetime passion. The study provides implications for teachers, educational leaders, and teacher preparation programs. One implication of this study is that constructivist practice in American high schools is still the exception rather than the rule. Another implication highlights the tension between the current push for accountability and the constructivist practice that facilitates student learning. Other implications inform teacher preparation programs by providing examples of constructivist practice at the high school level.

Essays on the Economics of Climate Change, Biofuel and Food Prices

Seguin, Charles University of California, Berkeley 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

Climate change is likely to be the most important global pollution problem that humanity has had to face so far. In this dissertation, I tackle issues directly and indirectly related to climate change, bringing my modest contribution to the body of human creativity trying to deal with climate change. First, I look at the impact of non-convex feedbacks on the optimal climate policy. Second, I try to derive the optimal biofuel policy acknowledging the potential negative impacts that biofuel production might have on food supply. Finally, I test empirically for the presence of loss aversion in food purchases, which might play a role in the consumer response to food price changes brought about by biofuel production. Non-convexities in feedback processes are increasingly found to be important in the climate system. To evaluate their impact on the optimal greenhouse gas (GHG) abate- ment policy, I introduce non-convex feedbacks in a stochastic pollution control model. I numerically calibrate the model to represent the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions contributing to global climate change. This approach makes two contributions to the literature. First, it develops a framework to tackle stochastic non-convex pollu- tion management problems. Second, it applies this framework to the problem of climate change. This approach is in contrast to most of the economic literature on climate change that focuses either on linear feedbacks or environmental thresholds. I find that non-convex feedbacks lead to a decision threshold in the optimal mitigation policy, and I characterize how this threshold depends on feedback parameters and stochasticity. There is great hope that biofuel can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel. However, there are some concerns that biofuel would increase food prices. In an optimal control model, a co-author and I look at the optimal biofuel production when it competes for land with food production. In addition oil is not exhaustible and output is subject to climate change induced damages. We find that the competitive outcome does not necessarily yield an underproduction of biofuels, but when it does, second best policies like subsidies and mandates can improve welfare. In marketing, there has been extensive empirical research to ascertain whether there is evidence of loss aversion as predicted by several reference price preference theories. Most of that literature finds that there is indeed evidence of loss aversion for many different goods. I argue that it is possible that some of that evidence seemingly supporting loss aversion arises because price endogeneity is not properly taken into account. Using scanner data I study four product categories: bread, chicken, corn and tortilla chips, and pasta. Taking prices as exogenous, I find evidence of loss aversion for bread and corn and tortilla chips. However, when instrumenting prices, the "loss aversion evidence" disappears.

Quantification and characterization of Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M.B.) dinitrogen fixation

Seguin, Philippe University of Minnesota 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

Kura clover (<italic>Trifolium ambiguum</italic> M.B.) is a persistent forage legume whose use is currently limited by slow establishment. The objectives of the present study were to determine the role of N₂ fixation in establishment and to quantify N₂ fixation in this legume. In a first study, the effects of rhizobial inoculation and N fertilization on Kura clover growth and N₂ fixation in the seeding year were determined. Kura clover response to a commercial rhizobial inoculant was limited, while response to N fertilization was constantly positive. This limited response to inoculation was associated with slow nodulation. As a consequence, N₂ fixation in the seeding year averaged only 17 kg N fixed ha<super> −1</super> and 24 %Ndfa (percent N derived from the atmosphere) across three environments. Kura clover however responded to inoculation early in the post-seeding year, while maintaining its response to N fertilization done the preceding year. A second study estimated Kura clover N₂ fixation in post-seeding years. N₂ fixation decreased with each subsequent harvest, while %Ndfa was stable. We found that across 4 environments, Kura clover fixed about 155 kg N ha<super>−1</super> yr<super>−1</super> with a %Ndfa of 57%. These values were similar to those observed in the same study for birdsfoot trefoil. The first study suggesting that Kura clover establishment may be N-limited due to the poor efficiency of rhizobial strains currently used; we estimated the diversity of Kura clover rhizobia in established stands across North America. The genetic diversity of Kura clover rhizobia in 9 environments was found to be extremely limited, with all rhizobial isolates being closely related to two strains found in a locally available commercial inoculant. In contrast, diversity observed among isolates from one environment from Kura clover's center of origin (Krasnodar, Russia) was three times greater. The performance of this legume in the USA will be improved, by either modifying current establishment practices or through plant breeding. However, these studies will have to be paralleled by more collection and evaluation of rhizobia from its center of origin, in order to identify superior rhizobial isolates.

Genre Experience Maps and Their Role in the Analysis of Post-2000s Popular Music

Seguin, Abigail University of Cincinnati ProQuest Dissertations & 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

Genres in popular music, particularly post-2000s popular music, are constellations of components that may or may not be active on any given track. In addition to this, recording techniques and technology also significantly impact the concept of genre because as they grow and evolve, so do the genres they are employed in. This creates a musical repertoire that is constantly changing and that is dependent on the technology and trends around it for its definition. Because of the evolutionary history of genres in popular music and because of their fluidity, there will always be some degree of component overlap between genres. This overlap of components between genres is of particular importance when the music is examined from the listener’s perspective because each individual listener brings their own background knowledge to hearing a song. As a result, different musical connections may arise for different listeners based on what music they typically listen to. The presence of these two characteristics suggests that analysts may want to examine this repertoire from the listener’s perspective.To carry out this type of examination, I have created a two-pronged analytical tool comprised of Meta-Categorical Frameworks and Genre Experience Maps that approaches the music from the listener’s perspective. The tool allows the listener to track not only what components they hear as propagating the genre of the song, but also allows them to visually depict musical associations they uncover. The first step, Meta-Categorical Frameworks, are charts that help the analyst break a track down into its genre components and gather their thoughts. The second step, Genre Experience Maps, are visual webs that place the components from the Meta-Categorical Framework into nodes so associational lines can be added to connect related components, emphasizing relationships the listener hears in the music.To demonstrate the wide range of analytical applications for Meta-Categorical Frameworks and Genre Experience Maps, this dissertation provides three case studies that each utilize a different approach to the deployment of Meta-Categorical Frameworks and Genre Experience Maps. First, the Bloomian relationship between the punk and emo genres is explored to show how emo tends to use the opposite components of its punk parent predecessor in an attempt to break free and carve out its own space in the musical world. Next, a number of anime openings are examined to show how sonic conflict between rock and classical genre components is leveraged in the music to convey different types of narrative conflict present within the show. Finally, NateWantsToBattle’s rock opera Songs of Time is explored to show how he effectively composes with genre components, utilizing musical concepts and excerpts from the video game The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time to reinforce the narrative of the album.