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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Schweiger, Tristan James (검색결과 7 건)
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SCHWEIGER, CARL ANTHONY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 1999 해외박사(DDOD)
The optimization approach to process synthesis involves the representation of process design alternatives through a process superstructure and the mathematical modeling of this superstructure. Applying this approach to problems in engineering often requires the use of differential and algebraic equations to adequately represent dynamic models. In addition, integer variables are necessary to model discrete decisions such as the existence of process units in the flowsheet. This mathematical modeling results in a formulation classified as a mixed-integer optimal control problem (MIOCP). This type of problem arises in analyzing the interaction of design and control and in reactor network synthesis. In the interaction of design and control, the controllability aspects of the process are considered at the early stages of design by incorporating dynamic models and process control issues into the process synthesis framework. The tradeoffs between the controllability and the economic design of the process are addressed through a multi-objective framework. The reactor network synthesis problem deals with determining the optimal flow structure through network of tubular and tank reactors. The formulation involves dynamic models due to the modeling of the tubular reactors in the superstructure. The solution framework for a dressing the MIOCP formulation extends the concepts of mixed-integer nonlinear programming algorithms so as to handle dynamic systems. The MIOCP algorithm decomposes the problem into an optimal control primal problem which provides an upper bound on the solution of the problem and a mixed-integer linear program master problem which provides a lower bound. The optimal control problem is solved using a control parameterization technique where the dynamic system is integrated as a function of time invariant parameters. The algorithm is implemented in the framework MINOPT which is used as a computational tool for the solution of process synthesis problems. The proposed approach is applied to process synthesis examples in the interaction of design and control and reactor network synthesis to illustrate the features of the methodology.
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Essays on the role of institutions in productivity and reallocation dynamics
Schweiger, Helena University of Maryland, College Park 2006 해외박사(DDOD)
Recent empirical work has shown that the success of an economy depends largely on how successful it is in allocating inputs and outputs across businesses efficiently with minimum disruption and frictions. Reallocation of factors of production plays a major role in productivity growth and it is driven by technological and market forces, coupled with institutional factors. We examine the impact of institutions on allocative efficiency, job flows and wage structure, using longitudinal micro level databases. First, we estimate the impact of state aid for the rescue and restructuring of firms in difficulty on productivity and allocative efficiency. We use treatment effects estimators allowing for selection on unobservables and exploit variables that affect the chances of getting aid before 2002, but not after, to identify this impact. The empirical analysis indicates that state aid hindered the efficient allocation of resources and prolonged the life span of aid-receiving firms. Next, we assess the importance of technological factors that characterize different industries in explaining cross-country differences in job flows. We find that industry/technology and size factors explain a large fraction of the overall variability in job flows, but there remain significant differences in job flows that could reflect differences in business environment conditions. We use a difference-in-difference approach to examine the impact of regulations on worker hiring and firing. The empirical results suggest that stringent hiring and firing costs reduce job turnover and distort the patterns of industry/size flows. Finally, we study the structure of wages and the importance of firm and person fixed effects in explaining the variance of log real hourly wages in Slovenia, using a longitudinal matched employer-employee database. Most significant changes in employment and wage setting policies occurred in 1991, but incomes policies still suppressed the growth of managerial wages until 1997. We find that this change brought about a change in the wage structure, with an increase in returns to education for the most educated workers. Our results also indicate that person fixed effects account for an overwhelming majority of variation in log real hourly wages, whereas firm fixed effects are not nearly as important.
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Planters, mariners, nabobs, and squires: Masculine types and imperial ideology, 1719-1817
Schweiger, Tristan James The University of Chicago 2015 해외박사(DDOD)
On 1 December 1783, Edmund Burke delivered an impassioned speech in the House of Commons, urging Parliament to reform the East India Company, which Burke argued was ruling Bengal with venality, cruelty, and corruption. If Parliament failed to act, Burke cautioned, not only would Britain's Indian subjects suffer the consequences but so would Britain itself. Burke's fear that the imperial project was corrupting the moral pedagogy of young British men illustrates the intricate links in the British imagination between empire and masculinity. As a range of writers with diverse social and political allegiances attempted to make sense of the unfolding imperial modernity, two questions appeared inseparable: what it meant to rule an increasingly vast, transoceanic empire and what it meant to become a man, specifically a gentleman. Although I take as my object of inquiry the eighteenth-century gentleman, my work develops, as well as contests, recent accounts by critics such as Nancy Armstrong, Felicity Nussbaum, and Srinivas Aravamudan. These studies have greatly expanded our understanding of the central role of women, members of the non-propertied classes, and colonial subjects in the ideologies and historical-political struggles of the age. By renewing attention upon the British gentleman, I argue that even within the most idealized, authorized versions of masculine identity, the ambivalences and upheavals brought about by imperial modernity roil just below the surface. The arc of the dissertation encompasses four masculine types, to assess how the interplay between representations of masculinity and imperial ideology transformed over the century. But I also assess striking commonalities that illuminate the evolving set of discourses these figures sought to reconcile. My first chapter treats Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719), a novel generally understood as oriented emphatically around a Whig view of commerce and empire but riddled with Crusoe's repeated assertions of absolutist patriarchalism. This chapter argues that Defoe sets these assertions against the novel's Whig and proto-capitalist ethos to suggest the creeping tyranny that could develop in young men abroad, laboring far from the civilizing constraints of British society. Masculinity in Defoe's novel is thus a site of possibility and a lens through which to critique the drives and desires that made empire so alluring. Chapter Two reads Tobias Smollett's Roderick Random (1748) alongside Henry Fielding's magnum opus, Tom Jones (1749), as it works toward a theory of how the eighteenth-century novel reenvisioned squirearchy. I contend that Smollett and Fielding both conceive gentlemanliness as a social performance and that, this performativity at once allows for a liberating self-fashioning and throws into question the nature of masculine agency itself. The two novels explore a moral and behavioral pedagogy that ostensibly enables the modern would-be gentleman to persuasively inhabit his social position and gain control over his economic destiny by mastering a gendered performance; but these novels are also subtended by a fear that gentlemanly authority so founded becomes show without substance. Thus, this chapter treats the insufficiency of an historic symbol of gentlemanliness alongside the failure to fully conceive a stable, alternate possibility. Chapter Three discusses James Grainger's 1764 georgic, The Sugar-Cane, which follows the English squire to sea, recasting the Caribbean planter as of a type with historic modes of masculinity in a bid for cultural relevance and to establish command over an alien, hostile place. I then analyze Samuel Foote's 1772 farce, The Nabob, which explores the deleterious consequences for Britain itself if one vision of corrupted power and agency were to supplant enervated forms of gentlemanliness. Foote's text, I argue, reverses Grainger's concepts of imperial authority, envisioning wealth produced in the colony as the means for projecting power from the periphery back toward the metropole with vitiating malevolence. Finally, Chapter Four assesses the role of the country gentleman in early nineteenth-century national tales and historical novels. I contend that Sir Walter Scott's Rob Roy (1817), Maria Edgeworth's The Absentee (1812), and Sydney Owenson's The Wild Irish Girl (1806) all deploy reformulated patriarchs in ultimately ambivalent attempts to anchor their vision of Union. In these three texts, all of which work through the place of the near-colony in the burgeoning empire, the reiterated squire is at once a stabilizing force of reconciliation and benevolent governance and a figure of tyranny and caprice who is paradoxically teetering on the verge of obsolescence. By exploring the instabilities inherent in supposedly dominant gentlemanly typologies, and the ways that those instabilities are registered and mediated in literature, I aim to complicate received accounts of the ideological turmoil at the heart of empire in the long eighteenth century and to produce a more complete understanding of this turmoil's continued reverberations. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
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