Bertrand Russell의 倫理思想에 관한 硏究

김춘태 嶺南大學校 1986 국내박사

Operator state estimation for adaptive aiding in uninhabited combat air vehicles

Russell, Christopher A Air Force Institute of Technology 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Chris Russell's research, sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory Human Effectiveness Directorate, demonstrated significant improvement of mission effectiveness using adaptive automation and the operator's mental workload in Uninhabited Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV) missions. His work is the first example of closing the loop between the human and the machine by using mental workload based on physiological signals from the operator to adapt the system. Implementation of his research is being demonstrated in a variety of applications, including the Uninhabited Combat Air Vehicle control workstation, Tactical Tomahawk Weapons Control System, and the Objective Force Warrior Program.

Styling blackness: African American hair styling practices in late twentieth century America and the phenomenology of race

Russell, Paitra Denise The University of Chicago 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation investigates the relation between hair texture and hair styling in contemporary African American efforts to construct individual and collective identities. Using the quotidian contexts in which black Chicagoans deal with and talk about hair, this investigation shows the ways that race remains morally and ontologically central in the lives of African Americans as racially marked people. Four broad themes are discussed: the taxonomy of terms Americans use to assign symbolic value to hair texture, the relation between ideas of modernity and bodily representation, the ongoing struggles to re-evaluate traditional ideologies about hair texture, and the intersection of modern American consumer culture and hair practices. Historical and anthropological consideration of these issues shows how hair texture has emerged as a dominant organizing principal in racial ideologies, such that race and racism continue to be very much grounded in ideas about the body and particular physical attributes. Bodily referents play a crucial role in the panoply of terms through which Americans continue to understand and advocate “difference,” and physiological racial markers continue to factor strongly in the material and oppressive power relations that give race continued life in America. As well, the effects of racism are shown to include economic as well as corporeal material components, which work together to delineate subjugation. Black hair styling practices, then, as a mode of cultural and political identity production, also strongly allude to social relations of power as they are ordered and negotiated under modern capitalism. Broadly speaking, then, this dissertation presents an exploration of how hair works as a key component in the construction and maintenance of African American racial identity in contemporary American contexts. The research argues that the history and culture of hair are very much implicated in the racialized power struggles that characterize contemporary American life, and are especially relevant to philosophical and political discussions of race and the endurance of racism in America.

Lay presidents in Jesuit higher education: Examining a culture of companionship

Russell, Stephanie Rossiter University of Pennsylvania 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

Since 2006 there has been a notable increase in the number of American Jesuit colleges and universities selecting non-Jesuit leaders to serve in the position of president. These "lay" presidents (i.e., not ordained priests) now comprise approximately one-third of all chief executives in Jesuit institutions, giving rise to questions about the effects of such appointments on the historic identity of Jesuit schools. In an effort to better understand this emerging phenomenon, Lay Presidents in Jesuit Higher Education: Examining a Culture of Companionship addresses two essential research questions: • How does the appointment of lay presidents affect the religious and academic mission and identity of Jesuit institutions? • What qualities of presidential leadership are necessary to sustain and advance the Catholic and Jesuit mission and identity of Jesuit colleges and universities in the future?. The study was conducted using a collective case study method and cross-case analysis. Data were gathered on-site at three Jesuit colleges and universities that have appointed lay presidents since 2006, through personal and telephone interviews with key institutional leaders (presidents, chief academic officers, trustees, and administrators), focus groups with faculty and members of the Jesuit community, and documentary scans. Site-specific data were amplified by additional interviews with participants who are or have been leaders in Jesuit higher education, but have no current institutional affiliation with a particular Jesuit college or university. Drawing on the work of Edgar Schein and William Tierney, the organizational cultures of the cases were examined, paying particular attention to the mechanisms presidents employed to communicate and embed the school's mission and identity. The study sought to emphasize those phenomena of presidential leadership that were common across institutions, rather than highlighting the differences among individual cases. The triple-hermeneutic of "loss, evolution and call" was advanced as a means of understanding how presidents and other participants view lay presidencies and how this fundamental outlook affects current and future institutional decision making in advancing the academic and religious mission of Jesuit universities and colleges.

A tale of two paupers: Polarized perceptions of the poor

Russell, Ann Marie Therese Princeton University 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

Attributions for poverty lead to fundamentally distinct reactions to the economically disadvantaged. While attributional beliefs have been shown to differ between individuals (e.g., on the basis of political orientation), the current research suggests that reactions to the poor are polarized within the individual perceiver. In the first three studies, participants evaluated a poor or wealthy target exhibiting either high or low work ethic. As expected, work-ethic main effects, favoring the hardworking and denigrating the lazy, significantly interacted with social class, such that differentiation for the poor was always bigger. In Study 1, perceived work ethic polarized evaluative, affective, and behavioral reactions to the poor, but not the non-poor. Study 2 replicated a similar pattern of results with a mostly lower-middle and working class non-student sample, demonstrating that this effect relates to societal status, not merely ingroup/outgroup processes. Study 3 examines some consequential implications of these biases in an evaluation of polarized social class attitudes on job candidate assessments. Studies 4--6 shift the paradigm and identify some apparent instances of polarization toward the rich and muted reaction to the poor. Theoretical implications of the results across the six studies are discussed.

The syntax and placement of Wolof clitics

Russell, Margaret A University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation investigates the placement of nominal and verbal clitics in the Wolof clause. Specifically, nominal clitics are pronouns that undergo XP movement and appear in [spec, TP]. Their ordering relative to one another can be accounted for under the 'tucking in' phenomenon of Richards (2001). However, ordering patterns also reveal that pronominal clitics may need to be re-ordered in phonology. The position and sequencing of verbal clitics, on the other hand, is derived by head movement and left-adjunction, with the highest verbal element appearing in T0. However, the placement of both types of clitics also interacts with the phenomenon of focus, which is encoded syntactically in Wolof. Specifically, the focus phenomenon requires a focused XP or X0 to appear to the immediate left of a focus marker. Different clitic orders arise depending on what type of element is focused. When the focused element is or contains a clitic, then the clitic is subject to the movement requirements of the focus phenomenon. I propose that nominal and verbal clitics be positioned relative to both the CP and TP layers of clause structure, and that there are two independent types of clitics in Wolof (XP and X0). Both clitic types are ordered due to a property of T0, and are further positioned due to requirements of the C-domain. This analysis of nominal and verbal clitics also addresses issues such as the status of sentence-initial lexical subjects as topics, differences between syntactic topics and foci in Wolof, and how clitics are positioned in non-finite clauses.

Slicing and characterizing typical-case behavior for component-based embedded systems

Russell, Jeffry Thomas The University of Texas at Austin 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation addresses the problem of assisting a designer to characterize typical-case behavior in support of early, system-level decisions during codesign of component-based embedded systems. A source code description of system behavior is assembled from a configuration of components whose behavior is expressed using a hardware description language, such as Verilog, or a programming language, such as C. Specifically, solutions are proposed to the problems of (1) navigating, understanding, and exploring a lengthy, complex hardware-software source code specification, and (2) interactively identifying a characterization of typical-case behavior in such a source code specification. The proposed solution to the first problem extends a form of source code analysis called program slicing to enable examination of a combined hardware-software source code specification. A slice is a subset of source code that affects the computation at a specific point in the source code specification. Extensions to graph-based slicing are proposed to model, both, a partial system specification, and the behavior implemented in hardware and software components, focusing on interactions across the hardware-software boundary. An algorithm to compute a context-sensitive, inter-process slice is proposed. This extended form of slicing for codesign is especially helpful when an embedded system designer needs to identify a subset of a combined source code specification for subsequent detailed analysis. The proposed solution to the second problem is an evaluation scenario, which is a set of control-flows specified on an underlying flow graph representation of the source code. A notation is proposed to annotate the flow graphs, as well as an interactive algorithm to assist a designer to specify the control-flows. The evaluation scenario is useful in that it identifies paths that correspond to typical-case behavior, as distinguished from worst-case (or best-case) behavioral paths identified in traditional static analysis approaches. The first key contribution, slicing for codesign, proposes a novel set of dependence relationships to model hardware and software, as well as a context-sensitive slicing algorithm with precision enhancements for certain inter-process dependences. The second key contribution, the evaluation scenario, proposes a notation and interactive specification algorithm that characterizes typical-case behavior based on a static analysis of source code.

Single and multicomponent protein adsorption and diffusion in cationic polyacrylamide hydrogels: Visualization and analysis

Russell, Shawn Michael University of Virginia 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Gel-filled particles are an important part of many biological separation processes and offer desirable adsorption behavior in protein chromatography. The determination of transport mechanisms in these materials is critical. However, it is difficult to acquire a detailed understanding of the transport mechanisms from macroscopic particle studies. In contrast, protein transport can be directly observed on a microscopic level by synthesizing these gels within transparent capillaries. In this case, protein transport can be visualized either by using a colored protein or by using proteins labeled with a fluorescent probe that minimally changes the size and effective charge. This work extends previous single component protein adsorption studies in anionic polyacrylamide gels to the case of cationic gels. More importantly, it extends the prior work to the case of multicomponent protein systems. Initial studies focused on single component transport using myoglobin, alpha-lactalbumin, ovalbumin, and BSA. The quantitative results obtained in this work shed light on the mechanism of protein transport in these gels, paving the way for the development of transport models and the design of molecularly engineered stationary phases for protein chromatography. For example, the diffusivity and binding capacity of the proteins determined from the microscopic data compared favorably to those determined using Q-Hyper D, a gel-filled particle chemically similar to the gels synthesized in these experiments. Based on this, the stationary phase could be altered to offer optimal transport for proteins in this media. Concentration profiles for transient adsorption involving multiple proteins were also obtained by labeling the proteins with non-interfering fluorescent probes. Proteins were introduced either sequentially or simultaneously in the experiments. A Fickian model combined with the Steric Mass Action (SMA) model were used to predict the multicomponent behavior based on the single component data. Based on this model, predictions accurately described the co-adsorption behavior. The concentration profiles were also qualitatively predicted for sequential cases. This suggests that a simple transport model can describe the binary protein transport mechanism and provides a useful benchmark for future multicomponent modeling work.

Through eyes that can see: Traditional agriculture, security and prosperity in the Allier, 1870--1914 (Emile Guillaumin)

Russell, Stephen John The University of Connecticut 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

In the wake of France's humiliating defeat in the 1870 war with Prussia there was a national soul searching to determine the reasons for the defeat and future directions. In addition to the obvious military and political analyses, no area of social and economic life escaped scrutiny. Economists contended that a second-rate industrial establishment was at fault. They blamed a backward rural society for the defeat and then for a subsequent decline in grain prices in the 1870s. Agronomists rebuked the <italic>paysans</italic> for their continuing insistence on self-sufficiency and their rejection of modern agriculture. Most twentieth-century historians of rural France echoed these sentiments. Concerns about rural backwardness prompted not only an outpouring of commentary, but also several comprehensive government data collection efforts. Using data from small rural communities in the <italic>département </italic> of the Allier in the center of France, this dissertation views traditional agriculture and rural society from a different perspective. In its location, terrain and agricultural products the Allier is a good representation of the entire country. It is also the home of the novelist and social activist Émile Guillaumin (1873–1956). Using his work as a major source, we find that <italic> paysans</italic> had, by building self-sufficient and diversified household economies, greatly improved material conditions since 1870. They also mobilized the local governmental structure that the Great Revolution established to claim a more equitable share of the wealth they produced. They continued a tradition of independent agency that the great historian of the Middle Ages Marc Bloch found to be invisible to historians who ignored the complexities of farm work and the rural community. Using Bloch's approach, this dissertation relies not only on Guillaumin's observations, but also on government statistics. Remarkably, these statistics actually validate Guillaumin's observations and support his reliability as a source. They reveal growth in cereal and livestock production and in commerce in agricultural products and consumer goods. I argue that the <italic>paysans</italic>' selective adaptation of modern techniques and the diversification of household enterprises made the countryside an engine of economic development not a drag on the national economy. This contributed to France's position since 1945 as Europe's preeminent agricultural power.

The effects of family functioning, child behaviors, and asthma beliefs on asthma management in children and adolescents

Russell, Linda Moreno The University of Texas at Austin 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

Although asthma education programs are widespread and asthma pharmacotherapy continues to advance, asthma prevalence, mortality, and morbidity continue to rise. Numerous theories have been proposed to explain the inclining asthma rate, but none have been successful in accounting for the increase. One reason for the lack of effective interventions for this illness may be the failure to consider certain psychosocial factors which may affect the management of asthma. The purpose of this study was to examine the relations of family functioning, child behaviors, and asthma beliefs on asthma management in children and adolescents to asthma severity. Participants for this study were recruited from five locations. The locations included (a) four asthma camps in Texas, (b) a private allergy and asthma clinic, (c) a public health clinic, (d) a local Annual Asthma Walk, and (e) a private dental office. The instruments which were used in this study were: (a) FACES III, (b) The Asthma Beliefs Questionnaire, (c) The Behavior Problem Index, and (d) The Asthma Management Behavior Questionnaire. In addition, an asthma classification severity form and a demographic information form were also used. Bivariate correlations were computed and tested for significance. They were followed by a series of multiple regression equations to test the proposed analytical model. The individual bivariate correlations indicated a significant relationship between asthma severity and asthma management (<italic>r</italic> = .23, <italic>p</italic> < .05), and asthma management and asthma beliefs (<italic>r</italic> = .46, <italic>p</italic> < .01). Results from the multiple regression models reinforced these findings. There was a statistical trend for the relation between asthma beliefs and asthma severity (<italic> r</italic> = .13, <italic>p</italic> < .10). The recognizing and arresting symptoms asthma beliefs subscale was the most powerful variable in predicting asthma management in the exploratory multiple regression analysis (<italic> r</italic> = .55, <italic>p</italic> < .05). These results suggest that interventions should focus on asthmatic childrens' beliefs because they are related to their asthma management behavior and ultimately their asthma severity. Interventions should be implemented when the children are old enough to understand facts about asthma, but not too old to have ossified their existing beliefs.