Consuming identities: Response, revision, and reimagining in adolescent transactions with branded young adult fiction

Peterman, Nora Ann ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Penn 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

While children's and young adult literature has always been a product marketed and sold for profit, the past two decades have seen a dramatic upsurge in young adult literature that is transmediated and commercially "branded" (Sekeres, 2009), positioning these books as only one product of many sold in a franchise. Despite the popularity of branded young adult fiction, little is known about how adolescent readers are navigating and valuing the myriad commercial products that are part of their reading experiences. The growing popularity of young adult literature, its increasing commodification as branded fiction, and concomitant concerns about its diminishing literary quality and implicit consumerist socialization of youth make the present an especially important moment to learn more about the literacy practices of adolescents engaging with branded young adult fiction. This dissertation study investigated how a group of Hispanic youth read between and across print, media, and material branded young adult fiction texts, critically analyzing how participants made sense of these texts through social interactions and considering the ethical and political implications of their engagement in the literature. Drawing from intersectional, feminist research traditions, this qualitative study is grounded in a conceptual framework of critical, sociocultural perspectives of literacy, resource orientations toward youth culture and identity, and transactional theories of reader response. Eleven ninth grade students participated in a weekly afterschool group in which they collectively engaged in an inquiry into branded young adult fiction. Additional data were collected through focus groups, semi-structured interviews, participant observation, survey, and artifact analysis. This research provides insight into possibilities for branded young adult fiction to occupy multiple and contradictory spaces in adolescents' lived worlds. Participants' transactions with these texts reflected the ambiguous positioning of print novels within franchises, contested traditional notions of reader, author, and interpretive authority, and suggested pedagogical opportunities for conceptualizing reading and reader response as embodied and materially situated. As participants engaged with branded fiction, their negotiations offer new understandings of the agency enacted by youth as they, through their entanglement with popular culture and prevailing consumerist forces, take critical positions, audition different identities, and create and inhabit multiple worlds.

Spinoza's Physics

Peterman, Alison Northwestern University 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

My goal in this dissertation is to show that Spinoza is a more central and innovative figure in natural philosophy than has been appreciated by recent scholarship. I demonstrate that Spinoza rejects Cartesian physics in its essentials and in its details, contrary to the dominant view that Spinoza's physics is a derivative of Descartes'. In its place I develop a novel Spinozistic account of the proper conduct and content of physical science. I begin, in the first chapter, by developing interpretations of a number of Spinoza's metaphysical doctrines, demonstrating that Spinoza has a carefully considered account of the nature and interactions of finite things that is grounded in substance monism. This furnishes resources for dealing with natural philosophical questions about the causes of motion, the grounds of inter-body causation, and the explanations of the behavior of finite things. I go on in Chapter 2 to discuss Spinoza's philosophy of science. I argue first that Spinoza takes a dim view of both empirical and mathematical methods for investigating the physical world. According to Spinoza, all sensory or "imaginative" cognition is inadequate, and all contingent facts or generalities are classified as sensory cognition. Applied mathematics is an empirical method and so is subject to the same critique. While we have access to truths about finite things through reason, we only know about the nature of the physical through the common notions, which, I argue, are instances of the third kind of knowledge, or intuition. Chapter 3 draws from the previous two chapters to show that Spinoza rejects the central claim of Cartesian physics: that physics should be based on three-dimensional and local motion. I argue that by "Extended thing" Spinoza does not mean a thing extended in three-dimensions, and by "motion" Spinoza does not mean local translation in space. Finally, in Chapter 4 I discuss a common contemporary interpretation of Spinoza as a kind of explanatory physicalist. I argue that given Spinoza's account of physical science, he does not believe that we have better knowledge of the physical than the mental.

Adolescents raised by their grandmothers: Perceptions of parenting style and attachment representation

Peterman, Debianne Georgia State University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

There is a paucity of literature addressing the parenting style of custodial grandmothers and the attachment behavior of adolescent children being raised by their grandmothers. A descriptive correlational study based on Bowlby's (1969, 1973, 1982, 1983) Attachment Theory was designed to study the grandmother's and adolescent grandchild's perception of parenting style using Lamborn's (1991) Parenting Style Questionnaire (PSQ). Attachment behavior in the adolescent was measured by utilizing the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) developed by Armsden and Greenberg (1987) and the Adolescent Unresolved Attachment Questionnaire (AUAQ) developed by West, Spreng, Rose, and Adam (2000). Quality of interaction between the grandchild and their biological mother was measured using the Family Bonding Scale (FBS) developed by Liddle and Rowe (1998). Participants for the study were recruited from a population of grandparent-headed families who were past participants in an ongoing intervention study affiliated with a large southeastern metropolitan university. A convenience sample of 79 grandmothers between the ages of 30 and 75 years of age and 79 adolescent grandchildren between the ages of 11 and 18 were randomly selected. A one-time home visit was conducted to interview the participants and collect data. Data were analyzed using hierarchical regression to predict the effect of grandmother parenting style, age of the grandchild, length of time living with the grandmother, and amount and quality of interaction with the biological mother on the adolescent's attachment to the grandmother. The results indicated that three variables (the Warmth/Involvement and Strictness/Supervision Scales and the parenting interaction score of the PSQ) were found to be significant predictors of the grandchild's attachment to the grandmother. Two variables explained 57.2% of the variance of the dependent variable (attachment). With the addition of parenting style interaction, 61.2% of the variance was explained (p = .029). Findings indicate that grandchildren who are being raised by grandmothers who are warm, involved, and providing age appropriate supervision (authoritative) are more likely to be securely attached to their grandmothers. Nurses should be involved in developing support programs that provide parenting curriculum for grandparents that are raising grandchildren.

Development and implementation of an in situ blackbody infrared radiation source in an FT-ICR mass spectrometer

Peterman, Scott Matthew Texas A&M University 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

A high temperature source contained in an ICR cell is designed to perform blackbody irradiation dissociation studies to characterize reaction dynamics of gas-phase ions. Unimolecular dissociation reactions of gas-phase ions are used to generate thermochemical data, <italic>i.e.</italic> Arrhenius activation energies and relative A-factors, to characterize reaction mechanisms of gas-phase ions formed from electron impact ionization. In addition to thermal activation, collisional activation is used as a comparative means to induce chemical reactions of gas-phase ions. Localization of the blackbody heat source has greatly increased the temperature envelope of experimental capabilities in a FT-ICR mass spectrometer. Experiments are routinely performed at temperatures in excess of 1000 K without adversely effecting the cryogenics of the superconducting magnet. Results demonstrate the ability of the heated wire ion-guide (WIG) cell to vibrationally excite gas-phase ions sufficiently to overcome activation barriers in excess of 1.5 eV. The WIG cell has shown to be extremely efficient requiring irradiation times of only <italic>ca.</italic> 20-seconds to attenuate the initially formed reactant ion population to 20% of its ion abundance at the onset of irradiation. Performing high temperature studies in an ICR cell enables competition between unimolecular and bimolecular reactions. Both temperature and neutral reagent pressure may be varied to study competition between multiple reaction channels. The low operating pressures (between 1 × 10<super>−8 </super> and 4 × 10<super>−7</super> torr) of the ICR-cell serve two functions, (i) reduce collisional contribution to increasing the trapped ions internal energy and (ii) providing a measure of control on the ion-neutral collision rate. Measurements of product ion abundances that arise from competing reaction channels are used to characterize the structure and/or energetics initially formed by precursor ions.

A longitudinal analysis of extradyadic involvement in dating relationships

Peterman, Michael A The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

Extradyadic involvement (EDI) refers to physical or emotional intimacy that takes place outside an existing romantic relationship. When EDI violates relationship standards of exclusivity, infidelity is said to have occurred. Although EDI and infidelity are both fairly prevalent, their underlying causes have not been well understood historically, and many questions remain about why some individuals become extradyadically involved while others do not. Prior research has uncovered several factors that might contribute to EDI, perhaps the most notable of which have been individual attitudes, relationship quality, and contextual opportunity. General trends suggest that forbidding beliefs, high relationship quality, and low contextual opportunity serve to diminish the likelihood of EDI. However, effects have by no means been unequivocal, in large measure because of the methodological limitations of earlier work. Specifically, the predictors of interest have not been appropriately examined within a longitudinal framework, nor have they typically been integrated into a unified theoretical model. Moreover, opportunity and beliefs have almost uniformly been assessed using measures with questionable psychometric properties, whereas relationship quality has been operationalized differently from one study to the next. In an effort to redress these limitations, and thereby better elucidate the underlying determinants of EDI, the current study integrated relationship quality, individual beliefs, and contextual opportunity into a unified theoretical model of EDI development and tested its validity within a longitudinal framework. Relationship quality was operationalized in terms of commitment, as defined by the Investment Model, and beliefs and opportunity were evaluated using newly devised scales exhibiting sound measurement properties. As predicted, lower opportunity, along with more forbidding beliefs about extradyadic participation, diminished the likelihood of subsequent EDI. Importantly, the effects remained even after controlling for the level of extradyadic engagement observed at time 1. In contrast, commitment had no discernable impact on the development of EDI. However, because of a restricted range in commitment, its non-significant effect may have been spurious.

A strain map of the human distal tibia during the stance phase of walking, from dynamic cadaver experiments and finite element analysis simulations

Peterman, Marc McMeen The Pennsylvania State University 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

Prolonged exposure to micro-gravity causes substantial bone loss (Leblanc et al. 1996) and treadmill exercise under gravity replacement loads (GRLs) has been advocated as a countermeasure. To date, the magnitudes of GRLs employed for locomotion in space have been substantially less than the loads imposed in the earthbound 1G environment, which may account for the poor performance of locomotion as an intervention. The success of future treadmill interventions will likely require GRLs of greater magnitude. It is widely held that mechanical tissue strain is an important intermediary signal in the transduction pathway linking the external loading environment to bone maintenance and functional adaptation, yet, to our knowledge, no data exist linking alterations in external skeletal loading to alterations in bone strain. In this preliminary study, we used unique cadaver simulations of micro-gravity locomotion to determine relationships between localized tibial bone strains and external loading as a means to better predict the efficacy of future exercise interventions proposed for bone maintenance on orbit. Bone strain magnitudes in the distal tibia were found to be linearly related to ground reaction force magnitude (R<super> 2</super> > 0.7). Strain distributions indicated that the primary mode of tibial loading was in bending, with little variation in the neutral axis over the stance phase of gait. The greatest strains, as well as greatest strain sensitivity to altered external loading, occurred within the anterior crest and posterior aspect of the tibia, the sites furthest removed from the neutral axis of bending. We established a technique for estimating local strain magnitudes from external loads, and equations for predicting strain during simulated micro-gravity walking are presented.

Self-disclosure in the everyday conversations of kindergarten-aged children

Peterman, Karen Michelle Duke University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

What function does self-disclosing conversation play in the conversations of young children? Two studies were conducted to investigate how 5 ½ year old children self-disclose in their everyday conversations. Both studies video-recorded children's self-disclosing conversations while they participated in an art activity. Study 1 investigated the effect of two conversational partner characteristics (age of partner and partner familiarity), and of the conversational context on children's self-disclosing behavior. Children were paired with an unfamiliar adult, an unfamiliar peer, or a familiar peer play partner, and conversations were recorded in three interaction contexts. Self-disclosure was found to be a more frequent topic of conversation in a fairly barren conversational environment than during an art activity. In each context, however, children self-disclosed at least twice as often with an unfamiliar as with a familiar play partner. There was no difference in self-disclosing behavior for children paired with an unfamiliar adult or an unfamiliar peer. Study 2 was designed to investigate a possible function for increased self-disclosing with an unfamiliar partner: that children use self-disclosure in early conversations with unfamiliar partners to gauge the desirability of future interaction. It was hypothesized that children would evaluate unfamiliar partners who did not participate in self-disclosure less favorably than children paired with a self-disclosing partner. A methodology was designed to allow children to think they were talking to another child when they were actually speaking with a researcher trained to talk like a five-year-old. Children were randomly paired with a play partner who either reciprocated or did not reciprocate self-disclosing conversation, and behavioral and evaluative reactions were measured. Results indicated that children paired with a non-reciprocating partner became less persistent in their self-disclosing initiations over time. Children paired with a reciprocating partner self-disclosed at similar levels throughout the interaction. Evaluative differences were also found. Children paired with a non-reciprocating partner rated the unfamiliar peer significantly lower than children paired with a partner who reciprocated self-disclosure. Based on these findings, it was concluded that young children are differentially sensitive to the self-disclosing behavior of unfamiliar conversation partners, and that they use participation in self-disclosure as a gauge for establishing initial connections with unfamiliar partners.

State - Level Regulation's Effectiveness in Addressing Global Climate Change and Promoting Solar Energy Deployment

Peterman, Carla Joy University of California, Berkeley 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

Paper 1, Local Solutions to Global Problems: Climate Change Policies and Regulatory Jurisdiction, considers the efficacy of various types of environmental regulations when they are applied locally to pollutants whose damages extend beyond the jurisdiction of the local regulators. Local regulations of a global pollutant may be ineffective if producers and consumers can avoid them by transacting outside the reach of the local regulator. In many cases, this may involve the physical relocation of the economic activity, a problem often referred to as "leakage." This paper highlights another way in which local policies can be circumvented: through the shuffling of who buys from whom. The paper maintains that the problems of reshuffling are exacerbated when the options for compliance with the regulations are more flexible. Numerical analyses is presented demonstrating that several proposed policies to limit greenhouse gas emissions from the California electricity sector may have very little effect on carbon emissions if they are applied only within that state. Paper 1 concludes that although local subsidies for energy efficiency, renewable electricity, and transportation biofuels constitute attempts to pick technology winners, they may be the only mechanisms that local jurisdictions, acting alone, have at their disposal to address climate change. Paper 2, Pass-Through of Solar PV Incentives to Consumers: The Early Years of California's Solar PV Incentives, examines the pass through of incentives to California solar PV system owners. The full post-subsidy price consumers pay for solar power is a key metric of the success of solar PV incentive programs and of overall PV market performance. This study examines the early years of California's most recent wave of distributed solar PV incentives (2000-2008) to determine the pass-through of incentives. Examination of this period is both intellectually and pragmatically important due to the high level of incentives provided and subsequent high cost to ratepayers; policymakers' expectations that price declines accrue to consumers; and market structure characteristics that might contribute to incomplete pass-through. This analysis shows that incentive passthrough in the California residential solar PV programs was incomplete. Consumer prices declined 54 cents for every additional dollar of incentive received. A large share of the incentive is captured by the solar PV contractor or other actors in the solar PV supply chain. The finding of incomplete pass-through is persistent across specifications. The analysis also identifies a lower degree of incentive pass-through for consumers in the highest income zip codes. Whether expectations of incentives' pass-through align with reality is critically important in the beginning years of emerging clean energy technology programs since this can affect the likelihood of future government investments and public support. Given the often-held policy assumption that consumer prices are declining in response to incentives, it is useful for policymakers to understand the circumstances under which such an assumption may not hold. Paper 3, Testing the Boundaries of the Solar Photovoltaic Learning System, tests how the choice of experience curves' geographic and technology assumptions affect solar PV experience curve results. Historically, solar PV experience curves have assumed one experience curve represents both module and non-module learning and that this learning happens at a global scale. These assumptions may be inaccurate for solar PV since the learning system, and technology and geographic boundaries, are likely different between PV modules and non-module components. Using 2004 to 2008 PV system price data from 13 states, and a longer time series of PV price data for California, some evidence is found that cumulative capacity at the state level is a better predictor of non-module costs than U.S. or global capacity. This paper explores, but is unable to significantly determine, how knowledge spillovers from neighboring states can influence a state's non-module costs. Given data limitations, and limitations to the two-factor experience model methodology itself, it is not possible to conclusively determine the correct geographic boundary for the non-module learning system. Throughout the paper ways in which the experience curve model and data can be augmented to achieve a better estimation are discussed. 2.

The effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth anxiety on sleep problems

Peterman, Jeremy S Temple University 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

Research supports shared neurological, cognitive, and environmental features among youth with sleep-related problems (SRPs) and anxiety. Despite overlap in interventions for SRPs and anxiety, little is known about the secondary benefit on SRPs following anxiety-focused treatment. The present study examined whether SRPs improved following cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for youth with anxiety disorders. It also examined whether variables that may link anxiety and sleep problems (e.g. pre-sleep arousal, family accommodation, sleep hygiene) changed across treatment, and whether said changes predicted SRPs at posttreatment. Youth were diagnosed with anxiety at pretreatment and received weekly CBT that targeted their principal anxiety diagnosis at one of two specialty clinics (N = 69 completers, Mage = 10.86, 45% males). Youth completed a sleep diary between pretreatment and session one and again one week prior to posttreatment. All other measures were administered in the first session and at the posttreatment assessment. Results indicated that parent-reported SRPs improved from pre- to post-treatment and that treatment responders yielded greater improvement than nonresponders. Specific areas of bedtime resistance and sleep anxiety showed significant improvement. Youth reported lower rates of SRPs and no pre- to post-treatment changes. Pre-sleep arousal and parental accommodation decreased over treatment but did not predict lower SRPs at posttreatment. However, higher accommodation positively correlated with greater SRPs. Sleep hygiene evidenced no change and did not mediate accommodation and posttreatment SRPs. Clinical implications for the treatment of anxious youth are discussed and suggestions for future research are offered.

Parents of college-aged students with learning disabilities: Experiences, information acquisition sources, and adult learning theory applications

Allred, D. Peterman University of Missouri - Saint Louis 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Parents' experiences and perspectives of higher education and disability is a neglected area of research. This study explored the experiences of parents of college students with learning disabilities who had children attending colleges or universities in eight states. A semi-structured interview format was used with parents (n=21). A qualitative analysis based on grounded theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1990) was conducted and common themes were identified. Data analysis revealed four degrees of parent support for students with learning disabilities at the college/university level. Other categorical results gave the parents' perspectives on the reasons for their son/daughter's success or failure in higher education. Ten reasons for success and ten reasons for failure emerged from the data. The study findings describe the frequency and type of information acquisition sources used by the parent participants who sought information about learning disabilities in general or learning disabilities in a context of higher education. The study investigated the experiences of parents of college students with learning disabilities and analyzed these experiences using three adult learning theories as framework: informal and incidental learning (Marsick and Watkins, 1990, 1997, 2001; Marsick and Volpe, 1992; Morris Basket & Marsick, 1992), andragogy (Knowles, 1970, 1975, 1978, 1980, 1989, 1996; Knowles, Holton, Swanson, 1998), and transformational learning (Mezirow 1981, 1991, 2003; Mezirow and Associates, 2000; Wiessner & Mezirow, 2000). Results of the study have implications for college faculty, access office staff, and administrators, high school professionals, parents, students, and learning disability associations and agencies.