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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Palle Paul Mejame Mejame (검색결과 2 건)
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Palle Paul Mejame Mejame 강원대학교 일반대학원 2016 국내석사
Looking at the demand for a cleaner environment, we expect worldwide demand for platinum and palladium to grow moderately in the next few years. Economies today are in search of more sustainable and renewable energy and material sources. These critical metals (Pt and Pd) are highly desirable for modern high -tech devices because of their valuable properties. As a result their demand in applications has only been of an increasing rate globally. The focus of this work is to use Material Flow Analysis (MFA) combined with Heavy Metal Weighting Factors derived from established life cycle impact-based assessment methodologies to analyze the amount of heavy metals generated in waste stream globally and the associated environmental impacts from their flows and processes. This work quantifies Pt and Pd flows from exporting countries to importing countries, the extracted and consumed amount in applications including their recycling and recovery rates. Based on this, we evaluated the potential environmental impacts of the use of these metals and the importance of their recovery. We proposed sustainable strategies to avoid or reduce the impacts via resource efficiency and eco-efficiency practices .The aftermath is material saving benefits. Overall, the extraction of Pt and Pd from recycled materials results in significantly lower emissions, resource consumption and energy demand than from equivalent amounts of Pt and Pt generated by virgin material inputs. With a recovery efficiency rate of 70%, there will be a significant fall in the demand for virgin material inputs. Optimizing Pt and Pd recycling offers clear environmental benefits. The Potential convention of open loop recycling systems to closed loops, using state-of-the-art recycling technologies, optimized waste collection chain and infrastructures would serve to increase the supply of secondary materials (more than 183.1 and 210.0 metric tonnes of Pt and Pd respectively) and reduce dependence on mine production. Where this is to be achieved, increase supply of secondary material would represent reduced emissions in mine production of 139948.6 and 94833.1 (Metric tons CO2-eq.) from Pt and Pd used respectively. In terms of energy demand, this will represent 42147.0 and 4729.4 GJ tonnes of recycling energy demand reduction potentials (tonnages of GJ energy equivalent avoided) from Pt and Pd used respectively. However, major recovery interest should be emphasized in the auto-catalyst, jewelry and electronic sectors as they consumed more than 95% of these materials. Putting in place better policies in such areas will only produce sustainable environmental benefits which can be reduction in CO2 emissions, energy use, landfill disposals, increase in reuse rate, product recycling rate and even a possibility of new job emergence.
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