Korean youth's perception of human rights in the context of school and society

Malloy, Carrie L UMI 2002 국내석사

AFRICAN-AMERICAN VISUAL ARTISTS AND THE HARMON FOUNDATION (HARLEM RENAISSANCE)

MALLOY, ERMA MEADOWS 1991 국내박사

Robert Lansing and American neutrality, 1914-1917

Smith, Daniel Malloy University of California Press 1958 국내석사

The paradox of democracy: Catalan elites, Catalan nationalism, and the transformation of the Spanish nation-state (1971--1984)

Malloy, Michael James Indiana University 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

This Dissertation examines the political use of Catalan national identity during an extraordinary period of contemporary Spanish history (1971–1984). This period witnessed the end of 36 years of the Franco authoritarian regime (1971–1975), a period of political fluidity and change marked by a transition to democracy (1976–1979), and the early, critical years of democratic consolidation (1979–1984). This dissertation studies the actions of Catalan political leaders to determine how they used Catalan identity to create political influence during this period of democratization in Spain. This dissertation operates from the position that to properly study the actions of Catalan leaders one must understand how the essential characteristics of their political environment enable and constrain their actions. Therefore, it studies the causal interaction between elite actions and their changing political environments during this period. Research indicates three discrete political environments during the 1971–1984 period. By tracking the transformation of four “action variables” through these three environments, one can analyze the profound political changes underway in Catalonia, and by extension Spain. Such an analysis reveals that the practical exigencies of the transition period created short-term success at the price of long-term nationalist tensions exacerbated by the liberal democratic process. Hence, a “paradox of democratization” is that the process of creating a democratic regime may foster a political use of national identity which in fact threatens the long-term viability of democracy. At risk is not simply the proper functioning of democratic institutions; more importantly, the ethos of tolerance essential to democracy dissolves in the acrimonious struggle between political leaders who try to use nationalism to assure their political influence. This dissertation is a thick description case study. It uses a qualitative, interpretative approach to analyze information obtained through extensive field research (principally elite interviews and archival research).

The reluctant warrior: Henry L. Stimson and the crisis of "industrial civilization"

Malloy, Sean Langdon Stanford University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

Based on extensive research in the papers and diaries of Henry L. Stimson (1867–1950), my dissertation examines how Stimson's conceptions of international relations and international political economy contributed to the development of American foreign policy in the twentieth century. Stimson was unique among American statesmen in both the length and breadth of his service. Stimson first entered public life under Theodore Roosevelt in 1906 as the United States Attorney for New York. Following an unsuccessful run for the governorship of New York in 1910, Stimson was appointed Secretary of War to President William H. Taft from 1911–1913. Stimson served as a presidential emissary to Nicaragua and Governor General of the Philippine Islands during the late 1920s, and in 1929 he became Secretary of State to President Herbert Hoover. From 1940–1945, Stimson served as Secretary of War to Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman. Even in his well-deserved retirement, Stimson continued to serve the Truman administration by lending his good name (and considerable authority) to the campaign to enact the Marshall Plan as well as to an influential 1947 article that justified the use of the atomic bombs on Japan. Hailed as “the most durable statesmen of his generation,” Stimson's legacy was propagated in the second half of the twentieth century by well-placed protégés such as McGeorge Bundy and John J. McCloy. Understanding Stimson's approach to international politics and economics thus not only provides insights into specific historical questions, but also helps illuminate the intellectual foundations of modern American foreign policy. The central motif of Stimson's long public career was a concern with managing the effects of the industrial revolution and protecting the foundations of what he termed “world industrial civilization” from the ravages of war. His most notable (and at the time, most controversial) contribution was a four-decade long assault on the hallowed American tradition of neutrality and neutrality rights.

The geography of equity analysis

Malloy, Christopher James The University of Chicago 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

I provide evidence that geographically proximate analysts are more accurate than other analysts. Stock returns immediately following forecast revisions suggest that local analysts impact prices more than other analysts. Local analysts also supply forecasts more frequently than their distant counterparts. The well-documented underwriter affiliation bias in stock recommendations is concentrated among distant affiliated analysts; recommendations by local affiliated analysts are unbiased. Collectively these results suggest that geographically proximate analysts possess an information advantage over other analysts, and that this advantage translates into better performance.

Adaptive Methods and Theory for Sparse Signal Recovery

Malloy, Matthew Linn The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

The study of <italic>sparsity</italic> has recently been given tremendous attention within the signal processing community. Sparsity is the simple notion that a high dimensional signal or vector can be well represented by a relatively small number of coefficients; sparse signals arise in communications, coding, remote sensing, imaging, biology, medicine, and many more. <italic>Adaptivity, </italic> the ability to change behavior based on input from the environment, has long been recognized by engineers as a means to improve performance. The focus of this thesis is development of <italic>adaptive</italic> measurement techniques and theory for <italic>sparse</italic> signal recovery problems. Surprisingly, adaptive measurement systems can drastically improve performance by reducing the signal noise ratio (SNR) needed for successful inference of a sparse signal. The first portion of this thesis comprises contributions to the study of multiple-testing and sparse recovery problems from the perspective of sequential analysis. We propose a simple yet powerful adaptive procedure termed Sequential Thresholding, which can succeed with a relatively small number of adaptive measurements. We develop the fundamental performance limits of adaptive testing in this setting, and prove the asymptotic optimality of <italic>Sequential Thresholding.</italic> We then transition to the field of compressive sensing. In this setting we develop an adaptive, compressive, search procedure that is provably optimal in terms of dependence on SNR for a certain class of sparse signals. The fourth chapter of this thesis focuses on a problem termed the search across multiple populations. Here, sparsity manifests itself as the <italic> rare</italic> occurrence of some 'atypical' statistical population. A general theory is developed, with tight upper and lower bounds on the number of samples required to find such an atypical population. Instantiating the general theory results in the tightest known bounds for some well-studied problems. Lastly, this thesis focuses on the problem of non-coherent signal detection in multipath fading channels. Here, the signaling duration and bandwidth of the transmit signal are adapted to exploit the statistical behavior of the wireless environment. Sparsity arises as bandwidth and signaling duration become large.

"Holding [Tanganyika] by the sindano": Networks of medicine in colonial Tanganyika

Malloy, Patrick Thomas University of California, Los Angeles 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation in African history borrows insights from recent social studies of science in order to examine the materialities and discourses of medicine in colonial Tanganyika. The study covers the colonial period, with special emphasis on the inter-war years, and its source materials are largely archival, making special use of Swahili-language sources. The argument presented herein is that colonial medicine in Tanganyika represented a kind of mixed authority, interweaving civil, medical and epistemological powers. In so doing, Western medicine played an important role in creating and maintaining the colonial society of Tanganyika. Chapters 2 through 4 address material aspects of medical networks. Chapter 2 examines the organization of African therapeutics and the rise of a relatively centralized biomedicine with links to governments and the colonial project. Chapter 3 discusses the role of the <italic>sindano</italic>, the needle, as a political and therapeutic instrument. Chapter 4 analyses the network of spaces produced by the colonial medical system, specifically hospitals and tribal dispensaries. The remaining three chapters address Swahili-language discourses of medicine, from the (supposed) authority of the printed word to the charged speech of rumor. Chapters 5 and 6 focus primarily on printed Swahili, which differed from the spoken language because European-run institutions largely controlled access to this form of mass-produced communication. This new language form was part of an explicit strategy on the part of European interests to culturally transform East Africa. Chapter 6 performs close readings on Swahili medical texts published during the colonial period. It looks at the description of the body, the microbial origins of disease, and new models of hygienic domesticity. Finally, Chapter 7 looks at African rumors and biomedical practices, focusing on rumors of the exsanguination of Africans in order to turn their blood into the medicine mumiani. These rumors, in turn, are examined in light of the peculiar economy of biomedical research and its demands on peoples' bodies.

Towards constraints on the epoch of reionization: A phenomenological approach

Malloy, Matthew University of Pennsylvania 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

Based on observations of the early Universe, we know that shortly after the Big Bang, the Universe was composed almost entirely of neutral hydrogen and neutral helium. However, observations of nearby quasars suggest that the gas between galaxies today is neutral to less than one part in 104 . Thus, it must be the case that some process occurred that stripped the electrons from almost all atoms in the intergalactic medium. Understanding the timing and nature of this process, dubbed ''reionization'', is one of the great outstanding problems in astrophysics and cosmology today. In this thesis, we develop several methods for utilizing existing and future measurements in order to make progress toward this end. We begin by proposing two novel approaches for searching for signatures of underlying neutral hydrogen in the Lyalpha and Lybeta forest of distant quasars. We show that, if the Universe is >5% neutral at z ~ 5.5, then damping-wing absorption from neutral hydrogen and absorption from primordial deuterium should leave observable imprints in the Lyalpha and Lybeta forest, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of neutral islands should qualitatively alter the size distribution of absorbed regions. We continue by discussing the ability for the intergalactic medium to retain a thermal memory of the reionization process at redshifts z ~ 5, which in turn affects the small-scale structure in the Lyalpha forest. Motivated by this, we model the temperature of the intergalactic medium after reionization and develop a temperature measurement technique that should be able to distinguish between scenarios where reionization ends at z ~ 6 and at z ~ 10. Lastly, we turn our attention to 21-cm observations during reionization. We demonstrate that, while precise mapping of 21-cm emission from neutral hydrogen should be infeasible by first and second generation interferometers, it may be possible to make crude maps of the reionization process and identify individual ionized regions. This would provide us with direct confirmation that we are observing reionization and provide information regarding its timing and the nature of the ionizing sources.

Teacher professionalism in charter schools: An exploratory study (California)

Malloy, Courtney L University of Southern California 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of the present exploratory study was to investigate the impact of charter policy on the work experiences of teachers in charter schools. The origins of the charter school concept and charter school policy draw on the belief that increased teacher professionalism will lead to better instruction and student achievement. Reformers and policymakers believed that teachers should be granted more autonomy and authority in schools and offered expanded professional opportunities. This study sought to investigate the extent to which teachers were experiencing the professionalism envisioned by reformers. The study examined two specific aspects of teacher professionalism: teacher involvement in school-decision making and professional community. Case studies of six Los Angeles area charter schools were conducted. Data collection involved one-one-one interviews with principals, teachers, and instructional coordinators, and review of archival documents. Results from the study suggest that teachers in five of the charter school studied were active participants in school decisions, including curriculum and instruction decisions, personnel decisions, professional development decisions, budget decisions, and overall school management decisions. Teachers in the sample school managed by an educational management organization (EMO) did not report high levels of involvement in school decision-making; nearly all decisions of consequence were made by the central office of the EMO. Teachers at all six charter schools reported that administrators offered ample opportunities to meet and discuss practice. Teachers also reported participating in professional cultures that fostered sharing and reflection on practice as well as shared visions that united the work of teachers. Overall, the findings suggest that teachers in the six charter schools studied generally enjoyed their professional lives, their colleagues, and the school's educational philosophy. However, teachers also acknowledged many challenges including struggling to balance their many commitments and administrative duties, working long hours, and worrying about burnout. As an exploratory study, the dissertation concludes with recommendations for future research.