The Hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal Phenotype and Its Implications in Cancer Metastasis

Jolly, Mohit Kumar ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Rice University 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

More than 90% of cancer-related deaths occur because cancer cells metastasize, i.e. invade the surrounding tissue, travel throughout the body, and form tumors at distant organs. Metastasis is often fueled by Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) that enables cells to migrate and invade, and its reverse Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition (MET) that facilitates cells to shed migration and regain adhesion to colonize other organs. While undergoing EMT or MET, cells can adopt a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) phenotype through which they can both adhere and migrate, leading to collective migration as clusters of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) that can be apoptosis-resistant and can initiate 50 times more tumors as compared to individually migrating CTCs. However, the hybrid E/M remains poorly characterized and has been tacitly assumed to be 'metastable' or transient. This study, through integrating mathematical modeling with wet-lab experiments, suggests that the hybrid E/M phenotype can be quite stable and its stability can aggravate tumor progression. First, we model the core regulatory network underlying EMT/MET---interconnected feedback loops among miR-34, miR-200, ZEB, SNAIL families---to predict that it can act as a 'three-way' switch enabling three phenotypes---epithelial (high miR-200, low ZEB), mesenchymal (low miR-200, high ZEB) and hybrid E/M (medium miR-200, medium ZEB). Second, GRHL2 and OVOL1/2 are predicted to stabilize a hybrid E/M phenotype and then confirmed experimentally in H1975 lung cancer cells that display a stable hybrid E/M phenotype. Third, modeling the interconnections of core EMT network with that regulating tumor-initiation potential (LIN28/let-7) predicts that a hybrid E/M, but not necessarily a fully mesenchymal, phenotype associates with higher tumor-initiation potential. Finally, integrating the core EMT network with intercellular Notch signaling, we predict that Notch-Jagged signaling can give rise to clusters of cells in a hybrid E/M phenotype. This prediction corroborates with our experimental observations that the drug-resistant tumor-initiating cells display elevated levels of Notch-Jagged signaling, reflecting the metastatic potential of hybrid E/M cells that can form clusters of CTCs. These results strongly argue that cancer cells in a hybrid E/M phenotype can be the key 'bad actors' of metastasis and identify novel targets---OVOL1/2, GRHL2 and JAG1---to curb metastatic load.

David Alfaro Siqueiros, Josep Renau, the International Team of Plastic Artists and their mural for the Mexican Electricians' Syndicate, Mexico City, 1939--1940

Jolly, Jennifer A Northwestern University 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

In August 1939 the Mexican Electricians' Syndicate commissioned David Alfaro Siqueiros to paint a mural in its newly constructed Mexico City headquarters. Siqueiros assembled Mexican artists Antonio Pujol and Luis Arenal, Bolivian Roberto Berdecio, and Spanish refugee artists Josep Renau, Miguel Prieto, and Antonio Rodríguez Luna to form the International Team of Plastic Artists and accept the commission. Their goal was to create distinctly communist art, defined by collaborative production, dynamic realist style, and content initially reflecting Popular Front ideology but later focused on anti-capitalism. Their production process, industrially inspired, resulted in a montage of contrasting forms and viewpoints, designed to engage its viewers. While the effects of such an agitprop conception are subjective, the mural's composition and montage-like form can be understood today as representing the conflicts and compromises that plagued the team's collaborative effort. Siqueiros's team aspired to tailor their production process to their electrician audience; however, the Syndicate rejected the muralists' attempt to create a work that kept up with changing Comintern policy. As a result, the extant mural in the Syndicate headquarters' main stairwell, <italic>Portrait of the Bourgeoisie</italic>, is far from Siqueiros's original vision. Following Siqueiros's May 1940 attempt to assassinate Leon Trotsky, the Syndicate brought Renau back to revise and complete the work. Renau balanced the needs of the anarchist Syndicate with his personal artistic vision and his communist convictions, transforming the original mural. Thus, the mural, typically discussed in terms of Siqueiros's artistic and political trajectory, is greatly indebted to Renau's decisive contributions and reflects the larger cultural and political agenda of its patron. With its apocalyptic allegory predicting capitalism's self-destruction, the mural remains a monument of Mexican Muralism and modern art not because it is Siqueiros's culminating work of the 1930s, but rather because it reveals choices made by politically committed artists and their patrons to overcome the political impasse faced by the Mexican and international left at the end of the Cárdenas regime and Popular Front period.

A Transcendent View of Things: The Persistence of Metaphysics in Modern German Lyric Poetry, 1771–1908

Jolly, John Andrew ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation explores the lyric poetry of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Eduard Morike, and Rainer Maria Rilke, and it contends that these modern poets retain, albeit uneasily, a view of things as symbols of the transcendent divine. It thus disputes the secularization theory of post-Enlightenment aesthetics. This study specifically challenges the view of symbolism as mere metaphor—an image constructed of arbitrary signs (Nietzsche)—by showing how the epiphanies of modern lyric poetry remain grounded in the metaphysics of analogia, even where (as in Morike) the writer seems to have left such entanglements behind. The modern poet’s desire to unveil a significant reality beyond subjective impression reveals that symbolic vision necessarily unfolds within the difference between the visible world and the transcendent divine. If signification entails likeness, yet lyric poetry always signifies in and through difference, then a constitutive analogy—that is, the simultaneity of likeness and even greater difference—emerges from within the dynamism of the lyric image itself. Part 1 begins by describing the symbolic image in Goethe’s lyric poetry to recover his view of things as expressing the “holy open mystery” of the cosmos. I show how his symbolism overcomes Enlightenment naturalism by depicting the antecedent order of analogia. Drawing primarily on Neoplatonic metaphysics, the Goethean symbol reveals the partial yet indisputable relatedness of things to the transcendent. Turning to Morike, part 2 charts his transition to an equivocal understanding of symbol that would sever the image from its numinous source of significance by confining the image to the scope of the poet’s own gaze. Yet Morike’s poetry also evinces a counter-veiling tendency to de-subjectivize the image, thus yielding a vision of things as they are prior to epistemic concerns, sentiment, and subjective preference. Part 3 contends that Rilke’s thing-poetry evinces a similar tendency to neutralize modernity’s biases against metaphysics. For his poetry recovers an apophatic understanding of symbolism as grounded in analogia that draws on Dionysian theology. His poems thus focus our attention on the thing’s unfathomable capacity for initiating a vision of the divine, of which the thing itself is a partial and fleeting manifestation.

Evaluation of Alpha Amylase Containing Corn on Finishing Cattle Performance and Digestibilty

Jolly-Breithaupt, Melissa L ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2018 해외박사(DDOD)

One digestion and four finishing trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of a new corn hybrid containing an alpha-amylase trait, Syngenta Enogen Feed Corn (SYT-EFC) on site and extent of digestion, ruminal fermentation parameters, and feedlot performance. Experiments utilized corn containing the enzymatic gene compared to controls, the near isoline parental corn (NEG) or commercially available corn grain (CON), processed as dry-rolled corn (DRC) or high moisture corn (HMC) in diets with dry [distillers grains plus solubles (DGS)] or wet (Sweet Bran) milling byproducts. The corn grain of the experimental diets were fed as the sole grain source, comprising 100% of the concentrate in the diet. Cattle fed SYT-EFC, processed as DRC with Sweet Bran had increased G:F resulting in feeding values ranging from 103 to 116% of CON or NEG. Steers fed SYT-EFC, processed as DRC with DGS had increased G:F resulting in feeding values ranging from 101 to 107% of CON or 105% of NEG. However, when processed as HMC, feeding SYT-EFC resulted in 96 and 102% that of NEG when fed with Sweet Bran or DGS, respectively. Marbling and 12th rib fat thickness data were mixed among trials with being increased in cattle fed SYT-EFC or observing no detectable difference among treatments. Cattle fed SYT-EFC had greater postruminal starch digestibility compared to NEG resulting in a 2.2 and 6.3% increase in total tract starch digestibility in DGS and Sweet Bran diets, respectively. Overall, feeding corn containing an alpha-amylase trait as DRC would suggest a slight improvement in feed efficiency.

CHRISTIAN CONTENT IN SELECTED WORKS OF GESTURAL ABSTRACTION (ACTION PAINTING)

JOLLY, ROBERT MORRISON University of Georgia 1987 국내박사

Black Collegiate Athletes at Historically White Institutions: Perceptions of Holistic (Under) Development in Academic, Athletic, and Community Settings During the BLM Era (Post-Summer 2020)

Jolly, Shannon University of Georgia ProQuest Dissertations & The 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of Black collegiate athletes and their holistic development in the context of historically white institutions (HWIs). The BLM era (post-Summer 2020) was particularly selected for this study to understand the implications of the current socio-cultural mo(ve)ment on the experiences of these athletes in academic, athletic, and campus community settings. A qualitative exploratory case study design was used in this dissertation. The theoretical framework that guided this research investigation was critical race theory. The methods used comprised two focus group interviews. Fifteen semi-structured individual interviews were conducted, with photo elicitation being incorporated into the individual interviews for triangulation purposes. The participants in this study were comprised of Black men and women athletes who attended DI HWIs in the southeastern region of the United States. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques to determine emergent themes to make up the findings of this dissertation. The findings revealed that Black collegiate athletes at DI HWIs in the BLM era (post-Summer 2020) experienced the following: a). unconscious adaptive behavior as resistance; b). Black feminine liberation c). BLM social reckoning of cancel culture; and d). BLM resurgence of the bridge builder. The implications of this dissertation include the development of policy changes and programming that center the development of Black collegiate athletes at DI HWIs. .

Direct democracy on trial: A multi-state study of the initiative, the referendums and the courts

Emrey, Jolly Ann Emory University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

There exists a common wisdom in many of the initiative states that direct democracy, as an alternative policymaking process, has become an exercise in futility. This prevailing attitude among voters is predicated on the notion that once a ballot measure has been enacted into law, the new statute or constitutional amendment will be challenged in court. Moreover, the assumption is that these legal contests, more often than not, result in the invalidation of the policy. For the voters the judiciary has become an overwhelming obstacle to the implementation of their policy preferences. Researchers have examined the role of courts focusing on the rate of judicial invalidation of initiatives in the state of California (Holman and Stern 1998) and a comparative study of California, Oregon and Colorado (Miller 1999). These projects have demonstrated that the judiciary does play a very active role in the initiative process in these specific states. Evidence from these studies supports the conclusion that direct legislation tends to be litigated on a consistent basis. While this information is very beneficial, it is limited in that it does not yield any explanation as to why the outputs of direct legislation tend to end up in court with such frequency. Nor do previous studies tell us why some initiatives and referendums are challenged in court while others are not. Additionally, researchers have yet to examine a range of initiative states that extends beyond those on the West Coast. The purpose of this research is twofold. First, I examine under what conditions the validity of an initiative or referendum is most likely to be challenged in a court; and second, I attempt to identify factors that explain what happens to initiatives and referendums when their validity is challenged. I analyze these phenomena across court levels, 17 states, and four substantive issue areas, to provide evidence to support or negate existing theoretical arguments about the direct democracy process. The study of the relationship between direct legislation and the courts is important for students of democratic theory and judicial politics. The factors I find to predict court challenges to direct legislation include the form of direct legislation (initiative vs. referendum), subject matter of a ballot measure (civil rights and civil liberties policies), the presence of organized opposition to an initiative or referendum prior to its enactment (“vote no” campaigns), and the level of voter support at the ballot box. With regard to judicial decision making, I find that prevailing theories regarding individual voting behavior of jurists such as the attitudinal model (Segal and Spaeth 1993) and methods of judicial selection (Hall 1987) are not good predictors of outcomes when the act reviewed is an initiated or referred law.

Anti-inflammatory activity of Rumex abyssinicus, Lipidium sativum and Guizotia abyssinica on LPS-induced inflammation in BV-2 microglial cells

NINSIIMA JOLLY 덕성여자대학교 2017 국내석사

In spite of the fact that, it has been previously suggested that consuming medicinal plants may increase amounts of polyphenols which have proved to have an impact on the inflammation and the researchers also pointed out that this effect depends on the chemical nature, dose, and time of exposure [7], it is in this line that the three traditional plants used Ethiopia traditional medicine were selected; namely, Rumex abyssinicus, Guizotia abyssinica and Lipidium sativum to study their anti-inflammatory activity, however; their effect upon microglial cell LPS-induced inflammation is not known, thus; the results of this report are hoped to academically contribute to their documentation.