Strategic approaches to develop optimal feeding program of brown midrib corn silage to lactating dairy cows in the intermountain west

Holt, Michael Shane Utah State University 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

ABSTRACT Strategic Approaches to Develop Optimal Feeding Program of Brown Midrib Corn Silage to Lactating Dairy Cows in the Intermountain West by Michael Shane Holt, Doctor of Philosophy Utah State University, 2013 Major Professor: Jong-Su Eun Department: Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences In two lactation studies reported in this dissertation, it was hypothesized that feeding 35% brown midrib corn silage (BMRCS) and 25% alfalfa hay (dry matter basis) would result in increased dry matter intake (DMI) around peak lactation compared with feeding conventional corn silage (CCS), causing longer peak milk production, and that feeding dairy cows in early lactation a 16% crude protein diet with fair quality alfalfa hay (FAH) in BMR-based diets would maintain milk production, reduce urinary N excretion, and improve N efficiency compared to those fed high quality alfalfa hay (HAH) in CCS- or BMR-based diets. A third experiment was conducted to assess in situ degradation kinetics of BMRCS harvested prior to or at maturity. The first lactation study was performed to determine the long-term effects of feeding BMRCS fed with a high dietary concentration of good quality alfalfa hay in a high-forage lactation diet on productive performance of Holstein dairy cows for the first 180 d of lactation. Feeding BMRCS-based diet did not affect milk production through peak lactation compared with a CCS-based diet; however, cows fed the BMRCS-based diet maintained heavier body weight through peak lactation and longer peak milk production, which resulted in increased milk yield post peak lactation, leading to greater overall milk production and milk protein yield. A second lactation experiment was performed to investigate if early lactating dairy cows fed with the FAH in BMRCS-based diets would reduce urinary N excretion and improve N efficiency compared to those fed the HAH in CCS- or BMR-based diets. Feeding BMR and HAH had better N utilization by decreasing concentrations of urea in blood, milk, and urine. In addition, feeding BMR-based diets decreased urinary N-to-fecal N ratio, and it was further reduced by feeding the HAH, which can represent an environmental advantage over traditional sources of forages in lactation dairy diets. A third experiment assessed in situ DM and neutral detergent fiber degradation kinetics for two new pre-matured BMR varieties (pmBMR1 and pmBMR2) that can be double-cropped by harvesting at tassel, compared with a sole crop mature BMR (mBMR) and CCS harvested at maturity in dry and lactating Holstein dairy cows. The potentially degradable NDF fraction was greater for BMR hybrids compared with CCS with the exception of the pmBMR2, which had the lowest potentially degradable NDF fraction in dry cows. Estimates of ruminal degradability of NDF were greatest for pmBMR1 in both dry and lactating cows. Feeding BMRCS exerted nutritive and environmental benefits when fed with typical Intermountain West lactation dairy diets. Further research is needed to understand interactive aspects of nutrient utilization with other dietary ingredients under different physiological conditions to take full potential benefits of BMRCS.

Appraisal and competence in moral judgment and behavior

Holt, Sonja Bunke 1980 국내박사

Verbal imitative behavior of normal and retarded children

Holt, Michael Mazet University of Alabama 1972 국내박사

Female sexual satisfaction and sexual identity

Holt, Laura Indiana University 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

A comprehensive review of current scholarship on sexual satisfaction is presented. The construct of sexual satisfaction is difficult to define, partially due to its subjective, socially constructed nature. Several definitions from previous literature are discussed, along with models of sexual satisfaction and its relation to relationship satisfaction. Sexual satisfaction is associated with several positive qualities, both for relationships and individuals. Differences in sexual satisfaction and associated relationship factors have not yet been satisfactorily explored in women and sexual minority groups, but current literature is reviewed. Measurement of sexual satisfaction has been difficult due to poor definition and operationalization; existing measures are based solely on theory or clinical experiences. Additionally, most measures have not been validated for use with women or sexual minority participants. Implications for practice, research, and advocacy are discussed. This study examined two research questions related to female sexual satisfaction: the creation of a new measure of female sexual satisfaction and evaluation of its validity compared to an existing measure and possible differences among female sexual identity groups related to factors that contribute to sexual satisfaction. Participants were 1,598 adult women of various demographic and sexual identity backgrounds. They completed an online survey including the following instruments: a demographic questionnaire, a Likert scale of sexual satisfaction, a qualitative measure of sexual satisfaction, the Holt Sexual Satisfaction Factors, and the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale. Means comparisons, internal consistency analysis, and qualitative analyses were performed to examine the research questions. More similarities than differences in factors related to sexual satisfaction were found for women of varying sexual identities. Implications for research, practice, and advocacy were discussed in light of the observed differences and possibly previously overlooked factors.

THE MOLECULAR DOSIMETRY AND DNA REPAIR OF VINYL FLUORIDE-ASSOCIATED ADDUCTS (HEMANGIOSARCOMAS, ALKYLPURINES)

HOLT, SHARON THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL 1998 해외박사

DEGRADATION AND DISPOSAL OF CHLORIMURON, CHLORSULFURON, AND PYRITHIOBAC HERBICIDES BY OZONATION (PHYTOTOXICITY)

CARSON, KATHERINE HOLT UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS 1999 해외박사

Maternal harshness and the mother-child relationship in the toddler years: Associations with behavior problems at school entry

Holt, Elizabeth Clare University of Pittsburgh 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

Both harsh parenting and insecure attachment have been identified as potential risks for behavior problems in young children. Previous research, however, has typically investigated these factors separately and has tended to focus on the development of externalizing rather than internalizing problems. This study examined relations between observed maternal harshness and attachment insecurity in the toddler/preschool years, as well as associations among these same early parenting and relationship variables and their interaction with child negative affect, and child behavior problems in early grade school (Grade 1/Grade 2) and investigated whether associations differed for girls and boys. Participants consisted of a subset (N = 111) of families from the Pittsburgh site of the on-going, multi-site study of child development, the NICHD Study of Early Child Care. Mothers and their children participated in two laboratory interactions when children were 2 and 3 years, a shared snack and a semistructured play task, and observed maternal harshness and child negative affect were coded from these videotaped interactions. At 3 years, a modified Strange Situation was used to assess the degree to which the child's attachment relationship was observed to be insecure or secure, rated qualitatively on a 9-point scale. Teachers completed questionnaires when the children were in first/second grade to assess internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Results showed that early maternal harshness predicted child internalizing symptoms 5 years later even after controlling for demographic risk and child negative affect. Early maternal harshness also predicted teacher-rated externalizing problems but only in conjunction with child negative affect: higher levels of child negative affect were only associated with increased risk for externalizing problems when paired with increased maternal harshness. Furthermore, mother-child attachment security moderated the association between harshness and internalizing in a manner suggesting that attachment security was not protective in the context of early maternal harshness. Results examining associations as a function of child sex revealed a complex pattern of interactions, giving some indication that boys may be differentially susceptible to the rearing environment and suggesting the need to consider the interplay between parenting, attachment and behavior problems separately for boys and girls.

Acceptable Risk: Law, regulation, and the politics of American financial markets, 1878--1930

Holt, Daniel Stephen University of Virginia 2008 해외박사(DDOD)

"Acceptable Risk" uncovers the history of early twentieth-century securities regulation and shows how laws and policies aimed at new small investors shaped the ideas and institutions that defined the modern stock market. As more Americans began to speculate in corporate stocks, lawmakers, regulators, and financial leaders sought to structure new investor behavior by controlling the investments they were offered and the institutions in which they operated. In the process, they raised important questions about how best to balance economic growth with financial stability and market democratization with investor safety. State public utility commissions sought to curb "watered" stock (whose par value was in excess of physical assets) in gas, electric, and railroad corporations in order to purge the speculative element from those industries and make them safe investments for the public. With the cooperation of the nation's stock exchanges, lawmakers moved to shut down so-called buckets shops---where only pretend buying and selling of stocks took place---and distinguish between gambling and legitimate speculation. State "blue sky" commissions sought to limit high risk and fraudulent stock promotions in order to preserve public savings and encourage conservative investment---a cause also taken up by the federal government during World War Ito assist in the sale of Liberty Bonds. Finally, financial leaders responded to new government action by policing the margins of their industry through new self-regulatory institutions, instructing the public on the principles of investment, and pushing for changes to corporate law that emphasized the intangible, market-driven nature of economic value. By the mid-1920s, the new mix of public and private institutions brought Americans from the margins to the center of the national securities market.

A pilot investigation of the influences of planned exercise on food choices in school age children

Holt, Carol Frances University of California, Los Angeles 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

There is an incomplete understanding of how and to what extent exercise influences food choices. Lifestyle and behavior patterns are still be developing during youth; therefore, an understanding of the food choices of children could lead to interventions that could have a long term impact on the prevention of obesity. The purpose of this pilot investigation was to determine the influence of a short-bout of intense exercise on nutrient selection and food choices in school age children. Animal studies have shown a pattern of decreased fat intake and increased carbohydrate intake after exercise. Previous human studies, however, have not verified the pattern observed in animals. To date, none of these studies has involved junior high school age children. This pilot study compared food choices in 30 junior high students after intense exercise and after a non-exercise stimulus in a controlled laboratory setting. Fat consumption was increased in adolescents at the meal immediately preceding exercise (p-value 0.0373). However, once macronutrient intake was adjusted for the total changes in caloric intake no significant differences were found between groups. When solely looking at all subjects during just their first intervention day results showed a statistically significant increase in fat intake in the exercising subjects for calories (p = .001) and for percentages (p =.007) of fat intake. Sedentary subjects showed a significant increase in carbohydrate (p = .034) intake at the first exposure to the buffet meal. Exercising subjects ate significantly more calories (p =.046) than sedentary subjects. Yet, when looking at the second visit there were no significant differences in intake patterns amongst the two groups. A better understanding of eating patterns based on an individual's activity level may help health care professionals better understand the needs of obese patients and to better plan prevention programs.

Intimate bonds: Slavery and the production of social relationships in the nineteenth-century Bahian Reconcavo and Sabara, Brazil

Holt, Katherine Ellen Princeton University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

This thesis compares family life in two nineteenth-century Brazilian slave societies: the Bahian Reconcavo, a coastal region home to large sugar plantations, and Sabara, Minas Gerais, an interior state in which small farms employing both slave and free labor predominated. I show how the private lives of free and slave people adapted to - and sometimes altered - these different ways of organizing production in slave societies, for despite their authority, slave masters could not completely regulate private lives. Brazilians across social divisions had sex, raised children, attended church, sold commodities, and worked in the fields in ways that drew blacks and whites, free people and slaves, and women and men together. One of my central themes is the nature of affective relationships within a slave society. I examine affective ties within unequal relationships - both slave and free - as well as the often violent coercion necessary to maintain so hierarchy a division of power. I argue that the different demographic compositions and systems of property relationships in the Bahian Reconcavo and Sabara shaped the ways in which social relationships between members of different racial groups and across free/enslaved status evolved. On Reconcavo sugar plantations, more attention was paid to maintaining a rigid social hierarchy that minimized public recognition of the intimate ties that developed across racial divides or between masters and slaves. In Sabara, the greater domestic proximity between masters and slaves and a culture of work that drew fewer distinctions between appropriate tasks for free and enslaved dependents, evolved into a society where racial hierarchies were more fluid. My focus on Brazilian domestic life, both as an avenue for understanding the daily lives of ordinary families, and a tool for understanding familial social patterns that are projected on the larger society, promises a more nuanced understanding of the historical construction of race, class, and gender. This study challenges ideas of how freedom and bondage were experienced in slave societies throughout the Atlantic world. Ultimately, the convergences between slave societies with similar political economies illuminate Atlantic slavery and the social relationships it fostered far more than artificial divisions along national boundaries.