LOOKING AT PICTURES : APPEARANCE AND SUBJECTIVITY IN MIMETIC REPRESENTATION (LOCKE JOHN, GOMBRICH E. H. , ALBERTI LEON BATTISTA, RENAISSANCE)

HOROWITZ, GREGG M Rutgers the State University of New Jersey 1992 국내박사

The historical Jesus and the final judgment sayings in Q

Gregg, Brian Han University of Notre Dame 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation explores the twelve final judgment sayings found in Q in light of the historical Jesus. The study will begin with a survey of scholarly opinions regarding the historical Jesus and the final judgment, followed by a discussion of the methodology to be employed. The next section, an analysis of the characteristics of the final judgment in late second temple Judaism, will seek to establish the cultural and conceptual contexts of Q's final judgment sayings. Finally, the bulk of the study will be devoted to an exploration of the twelve sayings and their parallels, including careful exegesis of each saying in its original gospel context, a reconstruction and consideration of the Q form of each saying, and an application of criteria of authenticity. The results of the study are three-fold: (1) It establishes the authenticity of ten of the twelve final judgment sayings in Q, thereby demonstrating that eschatology in general and the final judgment in particular were important components of the historical Jesus' message. (2) It identifies the characteristics of the final judgment propounded by the historical Jesus and compares them to the characteristics of the final judgment texts of the late second temple period. (3) It demands that the potential historicity of all of Q's source material be taken seriously, including those elements often assigned to a secondary redactional layer, Q2.

Factory Productivity, Firm Organization, and Corporation Reform in Late Imperial Russia

Gregg, Amanda Grace Yale University 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation shows how firm organization affected factory performance in the Russian Empire. The first chapter documents the impact of incorporation on firms' production technology and productivity. The second chapter studies the effect of a change in Russia's commercial code in 1901, a reform that improved the rights of small corporate shareholders. In the third chapter, I show how geography and legal forms of organization determined horizontal and vertical integration in the Russian cotton textile industry. The dataset at the heart of the project allows for a rare empirical study of the effect of organization on production at the factory level. Chapter 1: Factory Productivity and the Concession System of Incorporation in Late Imperial Russia, 1894-1908 In late Imperial Russia, long-term capital was scarce. Incorporation in the Russian Empire required a time-consuming and expensive Imperial concession, yet over four thousand Russian firms incorporated before 1914. I identify the characteristics of firms that chose to incorporate and measure the gains in productivity and growth in machine power enjoyed by corporations using a newly-constructed panel database of manufacturing enterprises I compiled from Imperial Russian factory censuses conducted in 1894, 1900, and 1908. Factories owned by corporations were larger, more productive, and grew faster. Higher productivity factories were more likely to incorporate, and after incorporating, they added machine power and became even more productive. Results from an instrumental variables regression suggest that selection into incorporation was not determined solely by productivity and could be influenced, for example, by connections to government officials. Comparing two kinds of corporations shows that firms sought not just access to stock markets but the corporate form's full set of capital advantages. Chapter 2: Shareholder Rights and Share Capital: The Effect of the 1901 Russian Corporation Reform, 1890-1905 The Russian 1901 corporation reform increased the rights of small shareholders and removed bankers from corporations' boards of directors. The reform affected one type of corporation (the A-Corporation) more than another type (called the Share Partnership) because one provision of the law created a loophole for Share Partnerships. I thus apply a differences-in-differences approach, studying the differences in corporations of these groups founded before vs. after the reform. The RUSCORP Database (Owen 1990) provides initial charter information from all Russian corporations and from all surviving Russian corporations in 1905. I find that, in response the reform, A-Corporations increased the par value of their shares, reduced their total capitalization, and reduced the number of shares they issued. The reform increased the cost to the firm of having small shareholders; thus, corporations affected by the reform began to resemble the more closely held Share Partnerships. Chapter 3: Vertical and Horizontal Integration in Imperial Russian Cotton Textiles, 1894-1900 When do firms produce their own inputs instead of purchasing them on the market? In one explanation firms engage in vertical integration to save the cost of transacting on the market, especially when markets are thinner and therefore price risk is greater (Coase 1937). On the other hand, firms that wish to vertically or horizontally integrate may be unable to do if they face financial constraints, because integration requires additional capital. In the third chapter, I find evidence for a thin markets explanation of integration within the Russian cotton textile industry in 1894 and 1900. The 1894 data provide especially rich information on firms' horizontal and vertical integration: the data list a complete description of each factory's internal activities and final products. Both vertically and horizontally integrated factories and firms were larger in terms of number of workers and tended to be located outside of European Russia, where markets were thinner. Vertically integrated firms were older, had more workers and machine power, and produced more revenue per worker given the same machine power. Corporations produced more revenue per worker than non-corporations, even controlling for vertical integration. Data Appendix: Imperial Russian Manufacturing Establishments Database: 1894, 1900, and 1908 The dissertation includes an appendix in which I describe the formation of a new database of manufacturing establishments in the Russian Empire based on manufacturing censuses conducted in 1894, 1900, and 1908. The database will allow for new studies of the Russian economy and of factory performance in developing economies. This appendix provides a codebook with variable definitions and a description of the censuses' sampling frame. The database matches factories over time, so I include an analysis comparing matched to unmatched factories. Finally, I describe differences in results that use the enterprise-level data and the aggregate data.

Exploring Personal Wellness of Ohio School-Based Agriscience Education Teachers: An Explanatory Mixed Method Study

Gregg, Colby Ryan The Ohio State University ProQuest Dissertations & 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

Wellness as a concept has existed for hundreds of years, with practices varying from culture to culture. While working models and definitions of wellness vary, most maintain elements of being holistic, multidimensional, and integrated. One such model, the Indivisible Self, has a multiple-decade history of refinement through the scientific process.The purpose of this study was to apply a holistic view of wellness (as defined by the Indivisible Self) to Ohio SBAE teachers, to determine how SBAE teachers conceptualize wellness, and to uncover how wellness is played out through SBAE teachers' lives. Wellness measures and teacher experiences are examined to determine how SBAE teachers practice and prioritize wellness within their lives.This study utilized an explanatory mixed method (quant → QUAL) sequential research design. Research was conducted in two strands of methods: the first focused on the quantitative methodology, while the second focused on qualitative methodology. This design was chosen so participants in the qualitative strand of the study can be identified from extreme scores in the quantitative strand and allows convergence of data at the end of data collection to help paint a clearer picture of how wellness manifests in participants' lives. Quantitative data collection and analysis followed a cross-sectional survey design while using the items from the 5-Factor Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle. All Ohio SBAE teachers were offered to complete the instrument and resulted in 212 completed responses.The second phase of this research followed a collective study design that identified participants through extreme scores in any of the five domains of wellness. Nine teachers were interviewed, with each participant creating their own conceptualization of wellness in addition to completing the interview. These data sources were used with researcher field notes and interview recordings to synthesize qualitative findings. Quantitative results indicated that the present sample had average wellness scores higher than the midpoint of the 5f-Wel scale, indicating that the sample exhibited more healthful behaviors than unhealthful ones. Additionally, social wellness was a clear strength relating to the sample. Finally, in comparing the sample to norm groups, results indicated that the sample scored higher in creative, social, and essential wellness, while scoring lower in coping and overall wellness. The largest difference between individual factors of the 5F-Wel occurred in the leisure factor, with the sample scoring significantly lower.Qualitative findings indicated the three groupings of wellness elements of The Self, The World, and The Interface, and a variety of ways in which these groups of elements interact. Convergent findings sought to describe variation in the quantitative scores related to physical wellness, social wellness, and vocational wellness. Ultimately, a new holistic model of wellness was proposed to encapsulate participant conceptualizations of wellness. This model has potential to increase communication between those who supervise pre- and in-service teachers and the teachers themselves. Of particular note, these conversations should be centered around personal goals and actions, rather than expectations.

The hare and the tortoise: The origins and dynamics of explicit and implicit attitudes

Gregg, Aiden Patrick Yale University 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

A model (the ‘Hare and Tortoise’, or ‘HAT’, model) is presented specifying how attitude change differs at an explicit and implicit level in terms of its etiology and dynamics. Across four experiments, subjects are led to develop positive attitudes toward one imaginary social group and negative attitudes towards another. In some cases, an attempt is then made to change these attitudes. Attitudes are always measured both explicitly (by rating scales) and implicitly (by the Implicit Association Test, or IAT). Common or conflicting patterns yielded by these measures test experimental hypotheses derived from the HAT model. The HAT model posits that explicit measures of attitude largely reflect conscious constructions (opinions of which one is aware) that are informed by interpretable criteria derived from a variety of sources, including both attitudes, in contrast, largely reflect primitive dispositions (inclinations of which one may not be aware) that are directly engendered by simple associative in particular those that involve envisaging hypothetical states of affairs, impact conscious constructions to a greater extent than they impact primitive dispositions. Hence, such considerations are one potential source of dissociation between explicit and implicit attitudes. On the whole, the HAT model is empirically supported. Experiment 1 finds that explicit preferences form more readily than implicit preferences. Experiment induction of attitude, reverse explicit but not implicit preferences. Experiment 3 shows that a counter-induction procedure is more effective at reversing either before or after the original attitude induction. Experiment 4 shows that merely understanding that one should hold a given preference, and then expressing that preference multiple times in a dichotomous way, does not suffice to induce implicit preferences, but that assigning semi-arbitrary ratings to stimuli does, probably because it requires more concrete elaboration of evaluative associations. Links between the HAT model and contemporary social psychological research are noted, and implications for prejudice reduction in the real world are discussed.

Men and women in community college leadership: A qualitative study

Gregg, Kori Ann The University of Texas at Austin 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

This study identified characteristics, attributes, and behaviors perceived to contribute to success in the community college presidency. In addition, this study also examined differences in those perceptions according to gender. The study utilized two focus groups, which were selected and delineated by gender. The focus groups consisted of current community college leaders at the director level and above and were asked to identify factors (affinities) that they believe lead to the success of a community college president. Each focus group identified twelve affinities. Interviews of twenty current community college presidents (ten men and ten women) were then conducted to examine their experiences with each of the affinities. Each president was interviewed from the affinity list determined by his or her respective gendered focus group. The findings were (1) Factors that lead to success in the community college presidency are not gender bound. Leadership is androgynous and the attributes needed to be successful in the presidential role can be the same for both men and women. (2) Stereotypes lead to perceptions that men and women are different. Women are more attuned to the effects of stereotyping. (3) Some differences are attributable to how men and women process language. Men and women process language differently and this may be mistaken for differences in content. Although women and men may use different labels, oftentimes the content of what they are talking about is the same. (4) There are some differences between men and women in leadership styles. Women focus on relationships and interactive communication, men focus on independence and information dissemination. (5) Leadership is a learned behavior and it is possible to gain knowledge and skills to continually enhance personal leadership attributes.

Online graduate students' experiences with asynchronous course discussions

Gregg, Andrea ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The Pennsylvania S 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

Engaged dialogue is so central to Western beliefs about education (Burbules & Bruce, 2011) that one of the top faculty critiques of online education relates to perceptions of and experiences with low-quality interaction in online courses (Jaschik & Lederman, 2014; Lederman & Jaschik, 2013). A significant amount of empirical research has been done in the area of studying the quality of asynchronous online discussions (e.g., Bai, 2012; Mooney, Southard, & Burton, 2014; Wise, Hausknecht, & Zhao, 2014) but there is a lack of in-depth work pertaining to learners' own experiences with their online course discussions (Rourke & Kanuka, 2007). This literature gap combined with the importance of learners' experiences (Dewey, 1938; Parrish, Wilson, & Dunlap, 2011) and the growth of online higher education (Allen & Seaman, 2015) grounded this study exploring online graduate students' experiences with their asynchronous course discussions. The primary data were repeated interviews with eight individual graduate students resulting in over 26 hours of student-interview data that included a stimulated recall where participants demonstrated how they participated in their course discussions. This student-interview data was contextualized with instructor interviews, course analyses, and discussion forum postings. The cases naturally fell along a continuum from learners more positive about their discussion experiences to those notably more negative of the discussions as an activity: from the learner who said "I love the discussion boards" to the learner who said she was "underwhelmed by this method of interaction." The data were also considered thematically (Braun & Clarke, 2006) and it was found that even the students more positive about course discussions tended to regard them as a mostly low-quality deliverable, wherein they were "going through the motions." Findings suggest that potential reasons for the low quality experience are a lack of consistent instructor presence; the ways in which assignment requirements shape participation; factors inherent to asynchronous, written communication; and limitations of the discussion forum user interface. In spite of all of this, all but one of the participants would keep the discussions as an activity and described valuing the opportunities the discussions provided for social connections, idea articulation, and collaboration. Key implications of the study are the need to re-conceptualize online course discussions as something other than the online equivalent of face-to-face discussions; establish pedagogical clarity regarding the purpose of online course discussions and actively facilitate them; improve LMS discussion forum interfaces such that they afford more positive engaged experiences; and explore the use of video tools to augment social presence.

From farms to forest: Federal conservation and resettlement programs in the Blue Ridge and Green Mountains (Vermont, Virginia)

Gregg, Sara M Columbia University 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation analyzes the politics of land use and the coalescence of reform ideas that led to fundamental changes in the approach of government to private lands during the 1920s and 1930s. The transition from subsistence landscapes to federally managed public spaces that was initiated during this period reflects the intersection of Progressive-era planners' ambitions to promote recreation and consumption with conservationists' efforts to monitor forest protection and production. This project charts the negotiations over land use and the changes that ensued within both the eastern forests and the communities that shared the mountain landscape. By assessing the environmental impacts both of farming in marginal uplands and the new land uses---recreation and forestry---introduced by the federal government into the Appalachian range in Virginia and Vermont, this project broadens the history of federal and state land management. I analyze the creation of the Shenandoah National Park in Virginia and the Green Mountain National Forest in Vermont in order to demonstrate how local influence was exerted on federally sponsored land utilization projects. These case studies demonstrate how regional politics and the relationship between the states and the federal government had a significant influence on the planning for eastern forests in the decades between 1924 and 1976. Examining the development of plans for the eastern national parks and forests through an environmental lens helps to illuminate the intersections between land use policy and contemporary trends in American conservation and social reform that led to some of the most innovative programs of the New Deal era. The landscape changes that resulted from these federal reforms have reshaped the eastern mountain landscape, and created a new, largely recreational, landscape out of the Appalachian Mountain chain.

Nineteenth-Century American Medicine: The Implications of Professionalism, Capitalism, and Implicit Bias

Gregg, Amy The Ohio State University ProQuest Dissertations & 2017 해외박사(DDOD)

An examination of the history of medicine and pharmacy uncovers evidence of struggles among rival groups of practitioners in the process of establishing modern professional standards. Within these struggles, there is unmistakable evidence of bias during the nineteenth century that privileged the perspectives of the wealthy elite of American society. Drawing upon critical race theory, and the process of racialization as described by Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic, this dissertation explores the development of medicine and pharmacy in the United States during the nineteenth century with respect to their maturation as it relates to the struggle for authority between sectarian and allopathic practitioners. It focuses on the impact that implicit bias had on what was considered legitimate medicine and who was valued as an authentic physician. The work of Dr. Francis Peyre Porcher constitutes a significant illustration: Porcher's fifty-year career as a medical practitioner, researcher, and influential writer represents a synthesis of his interests in botanic medicine and the most advanced medical practices of his day, which he learned from his studies at the Medical School of South Carolina and France's Paris Clinic. The ensuing period from the late nineteenth century through the twentieth century effectively sidelined practices such as botanic medicine as industrialization and capitalism institutionalized medicine and pharmacy into large corporations. It is this dissertation's primary purpose to demonstrate that from a social and cultural standpoint, implicit biases deeply influenced the process of medical professionalization during the nineteenth century; and thus must be acknowledged as having impact on how medicine and pharmacy are practiced, distributed, and received in modern American society.

Telehospice: Changing health care policy to enhance social support for caregivers in rural areas

Gregg, Jennifer L Michigan State University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

Until the early 20<super>th</super> century death could occur at any age, usually from acute infectious disease or accident (Stillion, 1995). Death in childhood is rare today, however, because of antibiotics and immunizations. An adult child is much more likely to provide care for an elderly parent who is slowly dying from chronic illness. Accessing the services they need may prove to be a significant challenge for people living in rural areas (Buckingham, 1996; Buehler & Lee, 1992). Hospice caregivers deal with a wide range of stresses every day, both physical and emotional. Not only is a hospice caregiver dealing with their own emotional adjustment to the death of a loved one, often a spouse, but also they are managing the physical symptoms of the illness for the patient. According to the 1997 National Caregiver Survey, more than 22 million U.S. households—nearly one-quarter of the population—contain someone caring for an older relative or friend (Caregiving & Persons, 1997). The value of family caregiving to society is estimated conservatively to represent nearly $200 billion per year (Caregiving, 2002). Caring for a loved one at the end of life is difficult, to say the least. Caregivers often feel isolated and experience stress from the burden of caregiving itself and from balancing caregiving, work, and other family responsibilities (Caregiving, 2002). Telemedicine, the use of telecommunication technologies to deliver health services over a distance, may be one means of potentially alleviating the stress on caregivers. The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the role of telehospice in providing support to caregivers of hospice patients. The researcher's goal was to evaluate the feasibility of using telehospice to meet the emotional needs of caregivers in the home setting and to examine the legislative context surrounding this added dimension of service to caregivers. Using a framework of social support theory and both qualitative and quantitative methods, the researcher found that perceived social support was correlated with caregiver quality of life. Furthermore, caregivers in rural Michigan reported that although they have a social support network in place, very little respite care is available, and there is very little, if any, support from extended family. Although pilot projects with hospice patients have shown that patients and physicians feel telehospice is a beneficial service, caregivers are hesitant to use telecommunication technologies for their own support. The researcher concludes that for telehospice to be successful in enhancing social support networks of caregivers in rural areas, a significant education component from hospice providers is necessary to illustrate benefits of the service for caregivers. Furthermore, policy needs to be enacted to provide for telehospice services to caregivers.