MEDIA PEDAGOGY : NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND VISUAL CULTURE IN POSTWAR EDUCATION

GOLDFARB, BRIAN D THE UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER 1998 국내박사

Online Jewish Learning: Exploring the Collaborative Interpretation of Jewish Texts through Online Platforms

Goldfarb Cohen, Shai ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

While Jewish text study is an old tradition in Jewish culture and Jewish pedagogy, this dissertation illustrates that online tools can be used to promote this practice while also providing new opportunities. In this dissertation, I discuss and present findings from a comparative case study of two digital platforms for online collaborative Jewish text learning. The first case study discusses a digital havruta (paired-couple) learning platform called Project Zug. The second case study focuses on Sefaria, a digital library of Jewish texts. I frame Jewish learning broadly and then focus on adult learners, exploring the collaborative aspects of their online participation. Taken together, this dissertation illustrates how learners use Jewish ancient texts to learn not only about the texts but also about themselves and others through shared interpretation and discussion.

Consumer and firm behavior in advertising-supported Internet markets

Goldfarb, Avi Craig Northwestern University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation focuses on consumer and firm behavior in advertising-supported Internet markets. Chapter Two provides a description of market structure in this industry. Chapters Three and Four focus on methods of data analysis. The growth of the Internet has provided economists, marketers, and statisticians with a mountain of new data to analyze. One prevalent but relatively underused example of such data is clickstream data. This data format consists of each website visited by a panel of users and the order in which they arrive at these sites. Chapters Three and Four of this dissertation provide insight on how to interpret this data. Chapter Three aids with interpretation of the raw data and Chapter Four suggests that the econometric methods used to analyze grocery store purchases be used to analyze website choice. Chapter Five provides a theoretical model of switching costs in advertising-supported online markets. The importance of switching costs and customer loyalty to Internet companies is an often-repeated mantra in business research. The land-grab mentality that pervaded Internet strategies in the late 1990's was often justified by switching costs. Once locked-in, the argument went, website visitors could be turned into profitable customers. In this chapter, I show that user switching costs can create market power, even though revenues come from advertisers. Chapter Six brings the ideas of the previous three chapters together. It uses the findings of Chapters Three and Four to build a data set and develop an empirical framework. It uses this framework to measure true state dependence in the Internet portal market. From the theoretical perspective, the econometric phrase ‘true state dependence’ has the same implications as a switching cost. It finds large true state dependence, which the theoretical model in Chapter Five suggests leads to market power. Chapter Six also makes contributions to the econometrics literature on separately identifying true state dependence from spurious state dependence. It shows that random coefficients models overestimate true state dependence by underestimating heterogeneity. If it is necessary to do a random coefficients model, Chapter Six shows that models that allow for more heterogeneity are better.

Three essays in the economics of technological change

Goldfarb, Brent Daniel Stanford University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

<italic>Essay 1</italic>. The recent interest in the university-industry interface reflects a proliferation of industry funding of academic research activity. The debate suffers from a misunderstanding of both problems associated with the grant mechanism, as well as the nature of Federal funding of academic research in general. Exploiting a novel dataset that tracks the careers of academic engineers and their relationships with an applied sponsor, I find that (a) researchers who maintain a relationship with the directed sponsor experience a 25% decrease in publications implying that academics' careers may be a function of the type of funding received, not only talent, (b) research funds commonly go to researchers who produce results of moderate academic value, (c) if sponsors wish to entice academically-reputable researchers to work on applied problems, the grant-mechanism alone is inadequate, suggesting that the use of mechanisms such as equity by corporate sponsors are attempts to hold the interest of top researchers, (d) citation and publication measures of academic output are often not useful proxies of short-term commercial or social value. <italic>Essay 2</italic>. A comparison of policies pursued in Sweden and the US in the commercialization of university R&D is made. We argue that Sweden's lackluster performance in commercialization is due to the top-down nature of Swedish policies aimed at commercializing these innovations and an academic environment that discourages academics from participating in commercialization. In the US, Academics have significantly more freedom to interact with industry. <italic>Essay 3</italic>. Past study of the diffusion of pervasive technologies, has ignored the varied technological challenges in their application. I examine the diffusion of the electric motor in three industries: automobile manufacture, printing and paper-making. I establish that the technological difficulty of adapting the motor to particular tasks and the difficulty in reorganizing the production process has central explanatory power in the order of adoption. Significant variation in adoption rates can be found not only between industries, but also between different processes within industries and firms. The analysis suggests that an understanding of diffusion patterns of new technologies is highly dependent on an understanding of their varied uses.

Mixture-process experiments with control and noise variables

Goldfarb, Heidi B Arizona State University 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

Mixture-Process experiments are commonly found in many industrial settings. At times, some of the process variables are uncontrollable or difficult to control and are therefore considered to be noise variables. The purpose of this research was to first develop models for analyzing and for evaluating prediction variance properties of the mixture-process-noise setting, including models in the presence of correlation among the noise variables. Models for both the mean and slope were developed. Graphical tools, Three-Dimensional Variance Dispersion Graphs and Fraction of Designs-Space Plots, were developed to assess and compare the variance properties of designs generated by standard software. The final part of the research used Genetic Algorithms to create designs with superior prediction variance properties than designs generated by standard alphabetic optimality criteria, such as the D criterion. The Genetic Algorithm was able to successfully find designs with lower maximum predication variance values than the standard approaches.

A study of gas fluidized bed collapse

Goldfarb, David Joseph Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - New B 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

<italic>Gas fluidized bed collapse</italic> refers to the slumping behavior immediately following the cessation of gas flow. This process is used in industry and academia for studying the “fluidization quality” of powders. Specifically, bubble hold-up is measured, thus predicting the fluidizability of a powder. This dissertation studies the collapse mechanism both to aid in the interpretation of industrial collapse tests and to shed further light on the mechanics of the fluidized bed system. Although the gas fluidized bed collapse technique has been in use for several decades, experimental methods leave room for improvement and gaps remain in the theoretical understanding of the phenomenon. We derive a full set of conservation equations and address several issues which have received scant attention in previous research. Specifically, we apply Kynch's theory for hindered sedimentation in liquid systems to the gas fluidized system. In addition, we address the issue of particulate stress in a fluidized bed system by extending previously derived steady-state analysis to the time-dependent collapsing bed system. Finally, we explore the impact of gas compressibility on such systems. Experimental data collected from collapsing gas fluidized systems has exhibited significant scatter due to variations in powders used and in experimental set-ups. We explore two of these effects closely, examining the effect of particle size distribution and investigating the consequences of the plenum volume below the distributor frit (which led to a proposed “regulated double vent” scheme to address data variability). Surprisingly, no reported publication compares the bed height and pressure decay curves; this dissertation fills that gap. Additionally, we use a novel vibrational monitoring technique to measure the collapse process. The technique, previously used to measure “granular temperature”, was only able to record signals in the initial “excess gas bubble dissipation” collapse stage. We successfully compare the experimental data with theory and note the surprisingly minimal role particle stress plays in the collapse process. This contrasts with steady-state “fluidization-defluidization” experiments in which hysteretic behavior, attributed to particle stress, has been observed. We directly link this hysteretic effect to particle packing and note its absence in liquid fluidized bed systems.

Mathematical Models of Cognitive Control: Design, Comparison, and Optimization

Goldfarb, Stephanie Eileen Princeton University 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

In this thesis, we investigate human decision making dynamics in a series of simple perceptual decision making tasks. The level of caution with which a human subject responds to stimuli is of central interest, since it influences the speed and accuracy of responses. We study the role of caution parameters in models of cognitive control processes. We first investigate the influence of stimulus likelihood on human error dynamics in sequential two-alternative choice tasks. Errors are understood to increase in frequency when caution is low. When subjects repeatedly discriminate between two stimuli, their error rates and mean reaction times (RTs) systematically depend on prior sequences of stimuli. We analyze sequential effects on RTs, showing that relationships among prior stimulus sequences and the corresponding RTs for correct trials, error trials, and averaged over all trials are significantly influenced by the probability of alternations. Finally, we show that simple, sequential updates to the initial condition and thresholds of a pure drift diffusion model (DDM) can account for the trends in RT for correct and error trials. Our results suggest that error-based parameter adjustments are critical to modeling sequential effects. These relationships have not been captured by previous models. In the remainder of the thesis, we compare models of human choice dynamics in tasks in which subjects must trade off between speed and accuracy in order to maximize reward rates. Caution is of critical importance: while errors decrease in frequency as caution increases, decision time increases. Direct manipulation of caution provides a framework with which to compare models. Recent work has compared the predictions of the Linear Ballistic Accumulator (LBA) and the DDM for simple RT tasks but has identified no important qualitative differences between the predictions of the two models. Comparing the fits of the two models for simple RT tasks in which subjects attempt to maximize reward rate, we show that while the pure DDM predicts a single optimal performance curve, the curve for the LBA varies significantly with model parameters. Critically, we find that while reward seeking behavior is predicted on average by an increase in caution in the DDMs, the same behavior in the best-fitting LBA model is instead predicted by a decrease in caution.

Fragile kinships: Family ideologies and child welfare in Japan

Goldfarb, Kathryn Elissa The University of Chicago 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

In contemporary Japan, exclusion from "normal" family forms often results in exclusion from caregiving relationships that last over time. This dissertation argues that the uneven distribution of care throughout the Japanese population is itself a category of difference, similar to other markers like class or citizenship, which maps onto durable forms of social inequality. The fact that caregiving is so often tied to a normalized family space becomes a social justice problem when that family space is lacking, appearing always as an ever-present normative absence. As a category of difference, this unevenness of care is also a hinge between shifting categories of "normal" and "abnormal" social relationships. This dissertation elaborates the ways in which inhabiting something called a normal family or a normal subject position is a heterodox process rather than a state of being: one appears as normal in a moment of doing, but one may as quickly be non-normal in a different moment, in a different setting. While "the Japanese family" often emerges discursively as an object predetermined by affinal ties and descent, people touched by the child welfare system---those who grew up in state care, adoptive or foster parents, bureaucrats in charge of child welfare placements---are highly aware of the ways in which kinship ties are both contingent and emerge over time. While "traditional" Japanese cultural forms, like the extended family, may be represented as normatively inert, they are in fact always moving targets. In contrast to discourses that frame "the Japanese family" as a predetermined object, my ethnographic material illustrates the ways in which kinship emerges in embodied daily practice, through engagement with material forms that themselves index histories of care, and within bureaucratic and legal regimes that frame and enact ideologies surrounding kinship. In this dissertation's title, "fragile kinships" points to the ways in which kinship is constantly in flux, both created and transformed but also attenuated and fractured. The title also expresses the fragility of the articulation between family ideologies and the objective of providing for the wellbeing of state wards.

The Influence of Motion on Causal Self-Perceptions

Goldfarb, Micah Bryan The Ohio State University ProQuest Dissertations & 2017 해외박사(DDOD)

Physical motion is a ubiquitous feature of everyday experience. The present research extends theories about physical causality judgments (White, 2006a) into the domain of social causality judgments and identifies an impactful route by which physical motion shapes psychological reality. I distinguish between self-motion; where the self moves in relation to the environment; and environment-motion; where the environment moves in relation to the self. I hypothesize that self-motion (vs. environment-motion), causes people to adopt a schema in which the self is a generally more powerful causal agent, and this schema shapes social judgments. Thus, physical motion in one situation can influence assessments of the self's causal power in social events unrelated to the motion. In five experiments self-motion (vs. environment-motion) caused participants to take more responsibility for their actions unrelated to the experience of motion, and these judgments of greater perceived responsibility predicted greater responsibility-dependent emotions of regret, shame, and guilt for negative outcomes (Experiments 1-4) and pride for positive outcomes (Experiment 5). The effects of motion persisted regardless of generation of motion (Experiment 2), or not (Experiments 3-5), regardless of whether participants imagined generating the motion (Experiment 3), and regardless of whether the motion constituted approach or avoidance (Experiment 4 and 5). Findings suggest a novel mechanism contributing to previously documented psychological effects of physical motion. Ongoing extensions of the research demonstrate effects of motion on causal perceptions in the context of voting behavior and intergroup conflict. Further, assessments of the self's causal power are fundamental to psychological processes in a variety of domains, from group dynamics to mental health. Thus, the present findings have implications for understanding and improving outcomes in a range of everyday settings.

Teacher Leadership: A District's Human Capital Investment Approach for Elevating Professional Learning

Goldfarb, Alexandra The College of William and Mary ProQuest Dissertat 2020 해외박사(DDOD)