GEORGE JOHN PINWELL : A VICTORIAN ARTIST AND ILLUSTRATOR, 1842-1875 (PINWELL GEORGE JOHN, ENGLAND)

CURRAN, PAMELA J University of Kansas 1991 해외박사

Relationships between a model for library growth and development and decision-making by library leaders

Curran, Charles C 1977 국내박사

THE EXEMPLARY PAST? BRITISH HISTORY SUBJECTS IN LONDON EXHIBITIONS, 1760-1810 (NATIONALISM)

MCPHEE, CONSTANCE CURRAN University of Pennsylvania 1995 국내박사

How representations of the parental marriage predict marital quality between partners during the transition to parenthood

Curran, Melissa Anne The University of Texas at Austin 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

This study examined how couples' representations of the parental marriage predict emotional attunement between marital partners prenatally and following the transition to parenthood, 24 months postpartum. Couple partners (N = 121) were interviewed individually about their parents' marriage prenatally. Two aspects of these representations were assessed: content (memories of conflict, affection, and communication in the parents' marriage) and process (making connections between their own and their parents' marriage and presenting a believable, consistent picture of the parents' marriage). Emotional attunement (i.e., dyadic emotional communication and connection) was rated from couple interactions observed prenatally and at 24 months (N = 89 couples). Surra and Bohman (1991) proposed that during relatively stable times in couple relationships, individuals use lower order, automatic processing when evaluating relationships, whereas their thinking during relatively unstable times is characterized by higher order, extensive processing. Thus, it was hypothesized that individuals would automatically recreate the content of the marital patterns they recalled from childhood in their own marital interactions prenatally, since this is assumed to be a relatively stable time compared to the postnatal period. Based on attachment theory and methods (Bowlby, 1973, 1980, 1988; Main, Goldwyn, & Hesse, 2002), it was also hypothesized that individuals high on process would score higher on emotional attunement both prenatally and postnatally, since they should view their parents' marriage more objectively and work on avoiding negative aspects of their parents' marriage at any time. The role of content during the relatively unstable postnatal period is less clear, however. When high-processing individuals automatically draw on recollections of the parental marriage, will they recreate positive recollections, or will positive memories result in disappointment and reduced emotional attunement? Results from path analyses revealed that prenatally, husbands and wives high on process showed higher emotional attunement toward their partner. Postnatally, wives who recalled low content using high process showed a greater increase in emotional attunement toward their partner than did wives in other groups, indicating that for high processing women, anticipating some problems and stresses about marriage following the transition to parenthood may result in greater attention to the marital relationship.

The construction of "dependency": Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) and professional social work in early Cold War America, 1946--1963

Curran, Laura Ann University of California, Berkeley 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

Through a discursive analysis of professional social work literature, this dissertation examines the professional social work response to the legislative and popular attacks on the Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) program in the early cold war era (1946–1963). The ADC program grew at an unprecedented rate during this period and increasingly served deserted, divorced, and never-married women as well as growing numbers of African-American families. Critics charged the program with promoting illegitimacy, immorality, laziness, and socialism. States enacted multiple, restrictive measures to contain program growth and composition. This dissertation illustrates how social workers avidly defended the program against popular criticism, decried the use of restrictive measures, and called for the expansion of welfare state provision for poor children and their caretakers. Like program critics, however, social workers believed that extended reliance on state assistance signaled an undesirable “dependency.” Social workers understood the factors underscoring ADC receipt as not solely economic in nature and generally did not advance a socio-structural analysis of poverty. They instead turned to psychoanalytic discourse and portrayed ADC recipients as suffering from “character disorders.” They simultaneously drew on developing social scientific notions of “culture” to explain poverty and welfare use, thereby laying the groundwork for the “culture of poverty” thesis. The mid-century welfare debates also proved a critical juncture for social work's historically “maternalist” philosophy, as social workers increasingly accepted the possibility of maternal employment and displayed a “proto-feminist” rhetoric. In their attempt to reduce caseloads and “cure” welfare dependency, social workers marketed their own product, arguing that professional casework services could “rehabilitate” recipients and move them into the economic and social mainstream. With the help of federal welfare bureaucrats, they pushed their social services agenda. While they met some level of initial success, their services solution ultimately proved a failure. This dissertation analyzes these developments within the larger context of the period's anti-communism, racial and gender politics, and social work's profession-building agenda. It provides an intellectual history of social work, illustrates the relationship between discourse and policy-making, and examines the contested relationship between the social work profession and the welfare state.

Development and application of feline immunodeficiency virus vectors for gene therapy

Curran, Michael Andrew Stanford University 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

In an effort to develop a vector system capable of stably and safely delivering genes to both dividing and nondividing cells, we undertook development of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) vectors. A first generation, two-plasmid test system was developed and used to map the optimal 5<super>′</super> packaging region, as well as to transfer a LacZ marker to target CRFK cells. Low titers in this early work suggested the need for adaptation of the vector system for high-level production in human 293T cells. Second and third generation three-plasmid vector systems, termed FELIX, were then constructed. To enhance vector production, the weak FIV LTR promoter was replaced with the hCMV enhancer/promoter. To construct a minimal system in which Gag-Pol was the only viral protein present, the Cytoplasmic Transport Element (CTE) was used in place of the FIV Rev-RRE system to facilitate nuclear export of Gag-Pol and the transfer vector. Unconcentrated vector titres routinely exceeded 1 × 10<super> 6</super> IU/mL for most constructs tested. Second and optimized third generation vectors were capable of efficiently infecting G₁/S and G₂/M arrested cells. FIV-based FELIX vectors transduced human dendritic cells, hepatocytes, HUVECs, and aortic smooth muscle with similar efficiencies to a control 3T3 cell line. All three of these primary cell types were transducable by both the second and third generation FELIX vectors, demonstrating that FIV Gag-Pol alone contains the determinants necessary for transduction of primary cells. In cross-packaging tests, we observed that HIV Gag-Pol does not substantially package FIV vectors; consequently, use of such vectors in HIV-infected cells should not lead to efficient mobilization of the inserted gene. Subsequently, the FELIX vectors were used to investigate the anti-angiogenic effects of angiostatin and endostatin, as well as to engineer pancreatic islet β-cells to render them resistant to killing prior to transplantation. Clearly, these FIV-based FELIX vectors have a broad potential as gene transfer agents at both the bench and bedside.

United States Board on Geographic Names: The impact of controversy, 1890--present (Benjamin Harrison)

Curran, Michele Jane Arizona State University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

In 1890, President Benjamin Harrison established the Board on Geographic Names to standardize the usage of geographic names in the Executive Branch of the United States government. Today, the Board is the final authority on the usage of geographic names throughout the federal government. Controversy spans the Board's history since its inception and has influenced its development of domestic geographic names principles and policies. An examination of the U.S. Board's handling of controversial cases illustrates the strategies employed by the Board to preserve its power and integrity. The case of Mt. Rainier versus Mt. Tacoma began in 1890. Although the Board rendered its decision in 1891, the case resurfaced several more times between 1911 and 1934. In Colorado, the Mt. Massive versus Mt. Gannett or Gannett Peak case lasted from 1915--1922. Floridians protested President Lyndon Johnson's Executive Order that renamed Cape Canaveral, Cape Kennedy, from 1963 until the Board rescinded the decision in 1973. Between 1965 and 1970, the Board dealt with the Bighorn Lake versus Yellowtail Reservoir case, which involved two states, Montana and Wyoming. Beginning in 1975, the Mt. McKinley versus Mt. Denali case came to a partial conclusion in 1981, but has yet to be fully resolved. Another significant controversy faced by the Board on Geographic Names concerns the passage of state legislation to eradicate the use of derogatory language on geographic names. Although the Board emphasizes the significance of the principle of local usage, it has not been consistent in its employment of the principle. As a self-defined non-political entity, the Board has maneuvered around highly political or controversial name change cases through a series of strategies that include the deferment of decisions, the revision of principles and policies, and the establishment of new principles and policies. In general, these strategies allow the Board to avoid the controversy, or to prevent the reoccurrence of the controversy. Geographical placenames are highly political, and the U.S. Board of Geographic Names has survived 115 years because it has been politically adroit.

Robert Bresson and Georges Bernanos: Spiritual journey in novel and film (France)

Curran, Beth Kathryn Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - New B 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation focuses on a close reading of Bemanos' <italic>Journal d'un curé de campagne</italic> (1936) and <italic>Nouvelle Histoire de Mouchette</italic> (1937), and their cinematic counterparts, Bresson's <italic> Journal dun curé de campagne</italic> (1951) and <italic>Mouchette </italic> (1967). Through a comparative approach to the study of French prose fiction and its cinematic adaptation, we explore how one canonized filmmaker/auteur transposes narrative devices from the page to the screen. Bearing in mind the different demands of each medium, we examine the ways in which Bresson reworks and interprets the source material and how his reworking evolves from one film to the other. Our study shows that Bresson creates autonomous works of art with their own integrity. Our analysis of Bernanos' <italic>Journal d'un curé de campagne </italic> concerns the depiction of the workings of divine grace in the curé's life and his references to the Passion, though for the most part he remains unaware of these parallels with Christ. Another essential component of the novel relates to the use of the diary as both narrative device and personal support for the curé. Bresson transfers the diary form onto the screen by emphasizing the act of writing and using voice-over narration to focus on the curé's inner drama. In <italic>Nouvelle Histoire de Mouchette</italic>, Bernanos himself takes on a sacerdotal role by assuming his heroine's burden. Our study of the author's presence in the literary text also shows that Bernanos articulates his heroine's mental processes to explain and give order to her experiences. Bresson, on the other hand, denies the spectator access to Mouchette's inner thoughts and feelings by deliberately rejecting psychological motivations: on screen all we know of the heroine is her behavior. We emphasize Bresson's use of sounds as both symbolic and dramatic elements, as well as his repetition of images to convey Mouchette's condition as the victim of a violent society. Finally, our study explores the idea of salvation in connection with the hero/heroine's death. Bernanos, Catholic novelist, and Bresson, spiritual filmmaker, are concerned with the notion of redemption: we demonstrate that the hero/heroine's death is a means of finding grace.

The experience of staging Nijinsky's "L'Apres-midi d'un Faune" in a higher education dance program

Curran, Tina New York University 2010 해외박사(DDOD)

This study documented the experiences of staging Vaslav Nijinsky's "L'Apres-midi d'un Faune" in a higher education dance program. The ballet was staged from Labanotation. Research questions focused on teaching and learning pedagogy, characterization of the process over time, experiences of the participants and teaching approaches. The project narrative was constructed from the staging director's journals, interviews with the dancers and videos of rehearsals and performances. These data comprise the project archives housed in the university dance program collection. The research participants were eleven student dancers, one staging director and two artist coaches. The researcher was the staging director. Thematic analysis revealed findings from the students' descriptions of their experiences that learning this dance was complicated and took time and that it was important to explore and take risks. Students emphasized that dancing was not only what they did, but also how they did it and that the dance became meaningful as they made it their own. In the end, the students voiced that they were part of a legacy. The staging director found that learning and teaching the dance was a recursive process of practice and layering and that learning the steps provided an entry point into the sensory experience and life of the ballet. Ultimately essential to recreating the ballet was to provide experiences that supported the dancers to discover their potential and extend their artistic development. All concerned became deeply involved in the collaborative nature of the enterprise as well as in thinking through interpretative approaches. Implications from the study invite dance educators in higher education to approach staging repertory as a multi-faceted creative process in which they continually construct and reconstruct an overarching philosophy of teaching and learning.

Autism, fever and the study of short-term behavior change

Curran, Laura Kresch The Johns Hopkins University 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

Systematic study of short-term behavior fluctuations may provide critical insights for understanding the pathophysiology of autistic disorder and other autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). A recent observation of interest involves the potential role of fever in altering behaviors. One limitation in current ASD research is that reliable and valid research tools to assess short-term behavior change are needed. A prospective study was conducted between September 2002 and November 2003 of 109 children with ASD, ages 2-18 years, seen at a clinical facility between 1992 and 2002, or affiliated with one of two select ASD groups. Two related research projects were undertaken using this dataset. The aim of the first project was to investigate recent reports of behavior changes associated with fever. Because the tool selected to study behavior change, the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), has not been validated in persons with ASD, the second research aim was to modify the ABC to make it more suitable to study short-term behavior change in persons with ASDs. Of the 109 enrolled subjects, 40 acquired fevers during the study period. Behaviors of febrile participants and control subjects with ASD matched by age, gender and language skills were evaluated by their parents using the ABC. ABC data collected at baseline for 100 participants were used for the second aim. From this data, behaviors that were rated by the parents to be both frequent and "bothersome" were selected. An index consisting of the subset of ABC items meeting this criterion were assembled. In the fever study, mean ABC scores compared the two groups across three select time points: fever onset, recovery from fever, and once the fever was gone for at least seven days. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) modeling revealed behavior improvements during fevers on the ABC subscales of Irritability (p=0.016), Stereotypy (p=0.006), Hyperactivity (p=0.001), and Inappropriate Speech (p=0.003). Our major findings in the second research aim were that the reduced set of ABC items successfully discriminated between autistic disorder and all other ASD diagnoses and was also sensitive to behavior change. The findings from both studies should be validated in other, larger samples.