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An exploration of women's experiences in Alcoholics Anonymous
Bradley, Carolyn A Fordham University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)
This qualitative, exploratory study examined how women who participate in Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.), a self help alcoholism recovery program, understand alcoholism and the Program's principles and practices and, how through this understanding, achieve sobriety. A.A. involvement, long considered a staple in the treatment of alcoholism, has recently come under question especially for women (Applegate, Bradley, Rhodes & Saulnier, 2001; Flores, 1997; Kasl, 1992). The feminist critique (Berenson, 1991; Blume, 1997; Covington, 1994; Flores, 1997; Kasl, 1992) of the appropriateness of A.A. for women was examined using focus groups. It addressed three questions: (1) How do women in A.A. view the role of alcoholism in their lives? (2) What principles and practices of A.A. do women find helpful in achieving sobriety? (3) How do women using A.A. adapt the Program to serve their needs?. Feminist standpoint theory (Bepko, 1989; Berenson, 1991; Covington, 1'994; Kasl, 1992) and spirituality (Carroll, 1997; Cohen, 2002; Paloutzian, 1996; Rambo, 1995; Spalding & Metz, 1997) provided theoretical frames with feminist ethnography as methodology. Focus groups of women selected from women's discussion meetings generated data regarding the participants' views of alcoholism, the principles and practices of A.A., and any adaptations made by the women in using the Program. Analysis relied on ethnographic methods of coding, pattern and theme discovery, and triangulation of data (Fetterman, 1998; LeCompte & Schensul, 1999) and generated information regarding the following major themes: women and alcoholism, spirituality/spiritual fellowship, The Steps, change and barriers to A.A./woman friendly adaptations.
The Impact of Validation on Emotional Responding
Bradley, Renay P. Cleary University of Washington 2010 해외박사(DDOD)
This project assessed the impact that validation and invalidation of emotion have on emotional responding. Research on the role that validation plays within mental health and emotional functioning suggests that validation has the potential to act as a protective factor and reduce the likelihood of maladjustment. In contrast, invalidation has been shown to predict maladjustment. This premise was tested using an experimental, repeated-measures control group design to evaluate the impact that validation and invalidation have on emotional responding and emotion regulation strategies used during an anger-eliciting paradigm. Participants (N=120 female college students) focused on a recent angry event during two 90-second recall periods (pre- and post-tests), during which experiential and physiological emotional responding was assessed. Participants self-reported on emotion regulation strategies used during recall periods via an open-ended interview that was later coded for regulatory strategies (Emotional Responding Interview and Coding System; Bradley, 2010). In between the pre- and post-tests, level of validation regarding the angry experience was manipulated (i.e., participants were randomly assigned to have their anger validated, invalidated, or were treated neutrally). Results are discussed in terms of the role that extrinsic mechanisms may play within emotional responding at the experiential, cognitive, behavioral, and physiological levels.
Brennan, Bradley Scott 경희대학교 대학원 2020 국내박사
This study measures Korea’s perceived destination image among American pleasure tourists (visitors and non-visitors), as well as Korean residents and Korean travel professionals through an online, open-ended question survey of 1,029 individuals. The online survey questions were designed to collect textual responses to better understand the perceived tourist destination image (TDI) of Korea. The three open-ended questions ask participants’ views on Korea’s stereotypical, affective, and unique images. This study is conducted with an interpretive approach and content analysis to code and analyze the textual data and fundamental image word frequencies. Critical theoretical and managerial findings emerged, concluding that perceived TDI can be accurately measured utilizing Echtner and Ritchie’s (1991/1993) TDI model, supporting the presumption that this model is still relevant today. The measurement of Korea’s TDI assists in uncovering four uniquely Korean destination personalities (Hallyu, Tradition, Modern, and Peaceful) that can be utilized by Korea’s destination marketing organizations (DMOs) to create strategic marketing and branding themes. Incorporating these key emergent perceived destination themes on a national, regional, and local Korea destination branding and marketing communications will assist in projecting a TDI that is more congruent with the perceived TDI of both Korean residents and American tourists’ marketing segments to increase tourist destination visit satisfaction and reduce cognitive dissonance. This study provides national, regional, and local DMOs with a systematic approach to measuring perceived TDI, which enables the elicitation of key salient destination marketing themes that can be used to enhance destination branding and marketing communications, which will assist in increasing destination competitiveness, attracting more significant numbers of inbound tourists, and increase visitor satisfaction.