Shakespeare's redemptive comedies

Alley, Patricia Christine Unversity Microfilms International 1983 국내박사

Charge trapping in polymer dielectrics and potentials at organic donor-acceptor junctions---the role of interface and bulk contributions

Alley, Olivia The Johns Hopkins University 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

Organic electronics have attracted increasing interest during the past decade due to their potential applications in transparent, large-area, printable, and stretchable devices. Solution based material deposition considerably reduces processing costs, and allows the use of non-standard substrates in device design. Many organic electronic device parameters are controlled by interfacial as well as bulk properties. Organic donor-acceptor junctions are relevant to organic photovoltaics (OPVs) as well as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). In an OPV, interfacial potentials between the hole transporting (donor) organic semiconductor (OSC) and electron transporting OSC (acceptor) lead to separation and recombination of electrons and holes. The mechanisms behind interfacial potential formation in organic donor-acceptor junctions are not fully understood and are an active area of study. In this thesis, the interfacial potential was measured, and interface and bulk contributions were separated by fabricating lateral organic donor-acceptor junctions both with and without a gap between the donor and acceptor materials. Contact between the donor and acceptor materials increases the interfacial potential beyond that calculated from bulk values. This can be explained through differences in electron affinity of the donor and acceptor, and also by differences in the delocalization of molecular orbitals (MOs) of the two OSC films. Greater delocalization of MOs allows for electron donation to adjacent molecules, a surprising result in organic electronics. In addition, the effect of the substrate on the potential was examined. The field is persistently negative on the acceptor side when the junction is made on a SiO2 substrate. When Al2Oi3, a substrate with higher dielectric constant, is used, the field decreases in one case, and reverses in the other. For organic field effect transistors (OFETs), the instability of switching voltages is an interface-dominated issue which causes the device left on to turn off over time, referred to as bias stress. Bias stress, caused by charges trapped at the dielectric/OSC interface, can be quantified by a shift in the threshold voltage (Vth) of the device. This thesis discusses localizing trapped charges in an OFET dielectric to control bias stress and operating voltages. By changing numbers and positions of trapped charges in the dielectric, the voltage at which the OFET turns on can be defined, and by pre-populating interfacial traps before running the device, bias stress may be reduced. In this thesis, charging of bilayer and trilayer dielectrics made from in-house synthesized 'chargeable' substituted polymers was studied. There was greater stabilization of trapped charges at the dielectric/OSC interface in chargeable polymers adjacent to the OSC, indicating charging occurs through an interface-driven mechanism. However, when they were encapsulated such that the chargeable polymer was situated between two layers of unsubstituted polymer, there was less response to charging than in the fully unsubstituted control. This reduction in bias stress susceptibility could stem from the bulk dielectric polarization of the chargeable layer, which counteracts the charge trapping mechanism at the dielectric/OSC interface.

"All I see is what I know": Rural white fifth and sixth grade gifted students respond to African American picture books

Alley, Tracy Sue Turner The Ohio State University 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

This research examined ways that rural white fifth and sixth grade gifted students responded to African American picture books. Eighteen students in a rural midwestern middle school were read nine picture books over nine weeks. The questions that guided this research were: (1) In what ways does multicultural children's literature influence students' perceptions of diversity? (2) What prior life experiences do students draw upon to explain their perceptions? (3) What kinds of biases and perceptions do the students currently bring to the discussions and where did these biases and perceptions originate? The eighteen students, nine females and nine males, in the study have been under the tutelage of the teacher-researcher for two to three years. Data sources were journal entries, pre-and post-interview questions, and audio taped group discussions. Student responses from all data sources are grouped into ten codes: triumph, equality, skin color, freedom, shame, lack of knowledge, religious beliefs, pity, judging others, and poverty. Media, religion, middle-class status, and rural schooling influenced the students' responses to the picture books. Implications for multicultural and anti-racist education are discussed.

What is reading? Kindergarten children's perceptions of reading

Alley, Victoria Filson Wray University of Virginia 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

This study focuses on kindergarten children's perceptions of reading. Qualitative methods of inquiry were used to investigate the relationship of children's concept of word, their spelling development, and their definitions of reading. This study relied on informal conversational interviews using predetermined questions based on previous similar research on how children think about reading. Sixteen kindergarten children from the researcher's own classroom were interviewed in the fall and in the spring of the school year. Observations of the students' concept of word in text were recorded to enhance descriptions of their literacy development. Also, developmental spelling samples collected during routine classroom assessment were used to determine children's growth in word knowledge. These data along with the transcripts were sources of naturalistic inquiry. Four composite interviews represent thick description of the most frequent responses to the interview questions by the emergent/early beginning readers in the fall and spring of the school year, as well as the beginning readers in the fall and spring of the same year. An examination of the similarities and differences between the children's responses is achieved through a cross-case analysis of the emergent readers' fall and spring responses, and the beginning readers' fall and spring responses. A focus on defining reading as a sounding out process was revealed as a common definition of reading by the students. The need to learn the alphabet was understood by the students as crucial to the learning to read process. A qualitative shift in understanding of how grownups read was revealed in the spring interviews. In the fall of the school year students described grownups' reading in a vague manner or focused on decoding. By spring students recognized that grownups can read silently. This study raises questions about the language of instruction used by teachers in helping children learn to read. Additional research that focuses on helping educators improve or alter their language of instruction based on their students' current understandings of reading may help prevent some children from experiencing difficulties in learning to read.

A case study of athletic training educators' sports care responsibilities, service, and professional advancement in athletic training education programs

Alley, Rachael C Marshall University 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of this study was to examine the (1) extent of athletic training faculty members, who bear additional duties for intercollegiate sports care, (2) the beliefs of the faculty members who have intercollegiate sports care responsibilities related to these duties being credited for professional advancement, (3) the beliefs of faculty members related to having sport care responsibilities as part of their employment, and (4) faculty perceptions of intercollegiate sports care responsibilities upon promotion, tenure and contract renewal. A sample of 655 certified athletic trainers was identified by the Board of Certification with the primary occupation designation of educator from a population of 7052 certified members who identified themselves as working in the college and university setting. There were 255 surveys returned for a response rate of 38%. The study utilized descriptive statistics, correlations and emergent category analysis. Findings indicate that only 22% of athletic training educators surveyed had institutional sports care responsibilities. These athletic training educators who had institutional sports care responsibilities overwhelmingly indicated that these responsibilities should be counted toward institutional service credit for professional advancement. Reasons given include that (a) sports care responsibilities are part of the job, (b) there is not enough time for other activities, (c) it is a part of supervising students, and (d) it is a service to school and profession. Athletic training academic faculty members overwhelming believe that they should not have institutional sports care responsibilities. The reasons given for this were (a) lack of balance in responsibilities, (b) no time for sports care responsibilities, and (c) needing to spend more time on academic activities. Athletic training clinical faculty believed that they should have some sort of institutional sports care responsibilities. The reasons given were (a) relevance to the job and teaching, (b) an expectation to do clinical work, and (c) faculty can be active, but not necessarily with the institutions sports teams. Overall, athletic training faculty members do not believe that having sports care responsibilities affect one's chances of professional advancement.

On the Monodromy of Meromorphic Cyclic Opers on the Riemann Sphere

Alley, Charles ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Illi 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

We study the monodromy of meromorphic cyclic SL(n, C)-opers on the Riemann sphere with a single pole. We prove that the monodromy map, sending such an oper to its Stokes data, is an immersion in the case where the order of the pole is an even multiple of n. To do this, we develop a method based on the work of M. Jimbo, T. Miwa, and K. Ueno from the theory of isomonodromic deformations. Specifically, we introduce a system of equations that is equivalent to the isomonodromy equations of Jimbo-Miwa-Ueno, but which is adapted to the decomposition of the Lie algebra sl(n, C) as a direct sum of irreducible representations of sl(2, C). Using properties of some structure constants for sl(n, C) to analyze this system of equations, we show that deformations of certain families of cyclic SL(n, C)-opers on the Riemann sphere with a single pole are never infinitesimally isomonodromic.

Influence of microstructure in rolling contact fatigue of bearing steels with inclusions

Alley, Erick Shaw Georgia Institute of Technology 2009 해외박사(DDOD)

The use of bearings can be found in virtually all aspects of mechanical systems today. Reliability of these critical components is an important issue. Fatigue performance of bearings is a function of many factors, including service conditions, loading, material properties, environmental factors, and manufacturing processes. Crack nucleation, first spall generation and spall growth in rolling contact fatigue (RCF) are known to be highly sensitive to the heterogeneity of the microstructure. Yet the current state-of-the-art in the design of high performance bearing materials and microstructures is highly empirical requiring substantial lengthy experimental testing to validate the reliability and performance of these new materials and processes. The approach presented here is designed to determine the relative rolling contact fatigue performance as a function of microstructural attributes. Both an efficient geometric finite element model and an advanced two-phase material model were developed to address this complex problem. A fully three-dimensional finite element modeling allows for end effects to be captured that were not previously possible with two-dimensional plane-strain models, providing for a more realistic assessment of inclusion morphology and arbitrary orientations. The scaling of the finite element models has been optimized to capture the cyclic microplasticity around a modeled inclusion accurately and efficiently. To achieve this, two scales of geometric models were developed to incorporate different sized microstructural phenomena, with both models using traction boundary conditions derived from Hertzian contact stresses. A microstructure-sensitive material model adds additional capability. A hybrid model that includes both martensite and austenite phases with additional internal state variable to track the volume fraction of retained austenite due to stress-assisted transformation were developed. This represents an advance over previous models where transform plasticity and crystal plasticity were not simultaneously accounted for in a homogenized element containing both phases. Important links between microstructural features and fatigue indicator parameters (and thus relative fatigue performance) were determined. Demonstration cases show the relationship between inclusion orientation and relative fatigue performance, allowing for the identification of critical angles which maximize fatigue and reduce performance. An additional case study showed that increasing initial volume fraction of retained austenite reduces relative fatigue life. The tools developed allow for investigations of the influence of many microstructural aspects on relative fatigue performance with a numerical model that were not previously possible.