D.Tracy의 類比的 想像力과 基督論再形成의 問題

최인하 監理敎神學大學 1986 국내석사

韓國의 近代的 林野所有 制度의 成立過程에 關한 硏究

최인하 江原大學校 1982 국내석사

푸치니의 오페라〈라 보엠〉의 독창 아리아와 이중창 연구

최인하 한세대학교 대학원 2013 국내석사

ABSTRACT Study on the Opera <La Bohème> by Giacomo puccini. In -Ha Choi Major in Vocal(M.M) Graduate School of Hansei University Giacomo Antonio Domenio Michele Secondo Maria Puccini was one of the last prominent Italian composers who had maintained tradition of opera. He well used the effects of musical techniques matching with dramatic contents at the turn of the 20th Century from 19th Century. He tried to deliver the dramatic contents effectively by organizing orchestras with various musical instruments. It is often found melodious characteristics from Magne Furuholmen and usage of chords and leitmotif from Wilhelm Richard Wagner in his music. From such various influences, Puccini could have his own music style. Puccini diversely dealt with touches of humanity with practical and realistic materials and used beautiful melodies familiar with listeners musically based on traditional form of Italian opera. Also, he used more dramatis personae. His music is exotic and romantic but at the same time it often shows daily life of ordinary people. With the script of G. Giacosa and L. Illica, in his representative opera <La Bohème>, which was written based on the original story <Scène de la vie bohème> by Henri Murger, Puccini dealt with love and romance among poor young artists in Paris but the it is a tragic story with practical problems that the main female character passed away with disease. <La Bohème> was spotlighted by the world of art with its novel Bohemian story. And Audiences rated it as a very impressive opera with its both comic and tragic elements along with the pitiful death of the main female character. First, in this thesis, Puccini's lifetime and musical characteristics were dealt with and then the background of <La Bohème> focusing on the original story <Scène de la vie bohème> by Henri Murgerwas studied based on its historical background. After Puccini's success of <Manon Lescaut>, he was raised to the great European opera composers. And then, he devoted himself to compose <La Bohème> based on the original story <Scène de la vie bohème>. He adapted the main characters from Henri Murgerwas's novel for his music. For example, he well described passionate and cheerful Rodolfo, kind and beautiful Mimì, considerate, shtoom and faithful Colline, kind-hearted and cheerful Schaunard, and jealous Marcello, with music. Second, characters and mentalities of dramatis personae in <La Bohème> were studied focusing on solo arias and duets of Rodolfo, Mimì, Musetta, and Marcello in the view of musical comprehension along with the story development of the script. Puccini realistically described jobs and characters of dramatis personae in solo arias and duets. And also portraits of scenes in the opera are vividly presented. He used wind and stringed instruments for beautiful and enchanting melody, woodwind instruments for cheerful scenes and brass wind instruments for scenes in tension for in the part of the vocal. He repeatedly used motif of the prominent scenes, the leading characters and the events to show consistent flow of the music and this is the technique of his music. His superb and keen sense on the stage helped him calculate dramatical effect to enhance empathy of the audiences and it made the contents of the <La Bohème> more fruitful. He realistically portrayed dramatis personae by presenting their situations, positions and characters vividly in arias and duets and also his music expressed exquisitely through beautiful melodies, chords, and detailed musical motifs. It came up with his reputation as a leading realistic composer. <La Bohème>, one of the Puccini's opera is his masterpiece which is popular throughout the world. It presents poor young artists who are growing in pleasures and pains based on his own experiences from his youth. As Puccini composed his music realistically and minutely to fully express his idea, singers also have to fully understand the lines and instructions when they sing the songs in <La Bohème>. And the most important thing is to connect well each diverse musical theme.

정밀도로지도에서 도로 노면선 표시의 자동 구축을 위한 딥러닝의 적용

최인하 남서울대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

자율주행 차량의 기본 인프라로 활용되는 정밀도로지도의 중요성이 증대됨에 따라 국토지리정보원은 전국 도로에 대해 정밀도로지도를 구축‧갱신하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 하지만 현재 정밀도로지도를 구축하기 위한 도화 및 구조화 작업은 주로 사람에 의해 수작업으로 수행되고 있으며, 이로 인해 전국 도로 구간의 구축과 도로 변화에 따른 즉각적인 갱신 및 유지보수에 한계가 있다. 또한, 수동적 구축과정으로 정밀도로지도 품질의 일관성을 확보하기 어려운 실정이다. 따라서, 현재의 수동적인 정밀도로지도 구축 체계를 자동화 구축 체계로 전환하고 정밀도로지도 품질의 일관성을 확보할 수 있는 효율적인 정밀도로지도 구축 기술 개발이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 정밀도로지도의 구축 대상 중 가장 많은 시간이 소요되는 도로 노면선 표시를 연구 대상으로 선정하였으며, 도로 노면선 표시의 레이어 생성을 자동화하기 위해 공간데이터와 인공지능을 연계하는 새로운 방법론을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법론은 도로 노면선 표시의 영역 추출, 도로 노면선 표시 유형 분류, 도로 노면선 표시의 도화로 구분하여 세 가지 단계로 이루어진다. 첫 번째 단계에서 원본 포인트 클라우드의 양이 방대하여 데이터 처리에 오랜 시간이 소요되는 문제를 해결하기 위해 지면점을 분류한 후 포인트 클라우드와 영상을 연계하여 도로 노면선 표시의 영역을 추출하였다. 이를 기반으로 두 번째 단계에서 포인트 클라우드를 입력 데이터로 활용하는 포인트넷 모델에 도로 노면선 표시에 해당하는 포인트 클라우드만을 적용하여 도로 노면선 표시의 유형을 분류하였다. 포인트넷 모델의 의미론적 분할 특성에 의해 하나의 객체에 대해 여러 항목으로 예측되는 문제를 해결하기 위해 세 번째 단계에서 대표 속성을 결정하여 벡터 데이터의 속성으로 입력함으로써 정확도를 향상시켰다. 또한, 도로 노면선 표시의 중심선을 확장하기 위해 기울기를 이용하는 방법을 제안하였으며, 방향성 설정을 위해 딥러닝 모델로 예측한 유형 정보와 위치 정보 등을 조합하여 도로 노면선 표시의 레이어를 생성하였다. 제안한 도로 노면선 표시의 구축 자동화 방법론이 다양한 도로 환경에서 적용되는지 검증하기 위해서 도심지 내 경사진 도로(실험지역A), 직선형 도로(실험지역B), 곡선형 도로(실험지역C)를 선정하여 실험을 수행하였다. 제안한 방법으로 지역별 도로 노면선 표시의 벡터 데이터를 생성하고 정밀도로지도의 품질검사 기준에 적합한지 판단하기 위해 위치정확도 검사, 객체 유효성 검사, 도형 무결성 검사, 그리고 벡터 구조화 검사를 수행하였다. 위치정확도 검사 결과 지역별 수평위치와 수직위치에 대한 RMSE는 모두 0.1m 이내로 나타나 제안한 방법론으로 생성한 벡터 데이터는 위치정확도 기준에 적합한 것을 확인하였다. 객체 유효성 검사 결과 일부 면형 객체가 도로 노면선 표시로 분류되어 기하유형 오류가 발생하였으며, 객체추출 검사에서 일부 도로 노면선 표시가 누락되었다. 실험을 통해 일반적으로 차도의 가장자리에 있는 청색 차선과 황색 차선의 객체 추출률이 낮은 것을 알 수 있었으나 전반적으로 양호한 결과를 나타냈다. 도형 무결성 검사 결과 벡터 데이터의 객체 유효 길이가 0.01m 미만인 객체는 없었으며, 멀티파트, 버텍스 중복, 자기교차 등 오류가 발생하지 않아 적합성을 검증하였다. 벡터 구조화 검사 결과 실험지역별 선표시 유형과 선규제 유형에 대한 구조화 정확도는 모두 85% 이상 나타났으며 기존 수작업으로 벡터 데이터의 속성을 입력하는 불편함을 해소할 수 있었다. 실험을 통해 도로 노면선 표시 유형은 모바일매핑시스템(MMS: Mobile Mapping System) 장비를 이용한 데이터 수집 시 주변 환경에 많은 영향을 받는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 일부 도색규정에 맞지 않은 차선은 오분류 되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 제안한 도로 노면선 표시의 구축 방법론을 통해 기존에 수작업으로 이루어진 정밀도로지도 구축 방식을 일부 자동화할 수 있었으며. 전국 도로에 대한 정밀도로지도의 구축 및 갱신 작업에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 향후 다양한 유형의 도로 노면선 표시에 대한 학습 데이터 구축을 통해 분류 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 오분류 객체에 대한 검수를 지원하기 위해 누락된 객체와 연결성이 끊어진 객체를 자동으로 검출하는 연구가 수행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 키워드 : 정밀도로지도, 모바일매핑시스템, 포인트 클라우드, 인공지능, 딥러닝, 도로 노면선 표시, 도화, 구조화, 품질검사 A high-definition road map serves as the basic infrastructure for autonomous vehicles. The National Geographic Information Institute aims to construct and update high-definition road maps for national roads, as high-definition road maps are becoming more significant. However, because the drawing and structural editing for constructing high-definition road maps are currently performed manually, instant updates and maintenance are limited. Furthermore, it is difficult to achieve consistent quality in high-definition road maps with the current passive construction processes. Therefore, an efficient construction technology must be developed for converting the current manual construction of high-definition road maps into an automated construction system while maintaining consistency in quality. Thus, the road lane marking was selected as the subject of this study because this process was the most time-consuming among construction targets. Moreover, a new methodology was proposed in which spatial data and artificial intelligence (AI) were linked for automating the generation of the road lane marking layer. The proposed method involves three steps: 1) road lane marking area extraction, 2) road lane marking type classification, and 3) road lane marking drawing. In the first step, the road lane marking area was extracted by classifying the ground point before connecting the point cloud and image to reduce the data processing time for the large number of original point clouds. In the second step, only the point clouds that corresponded to the road lane markings were applied to the PointNet model, which uses the point cloud as input data to classify the road lane marking types. In the third step, representative attributes were determined and entered as attribute to improve the accuracy and prevent the recognition of a single object as multiple classes owing to the semantic segmentation of the PointNet model. In addition, a method for using the gradient to expand the centerline of the road lane marking was proposed, and the road lane marking layer was generated by combining the position with the type predicted by the deep learning model to set the directionality. The proposed methodology for the automatic construction of road lane markings was verified for various road environments by selecting an inclined road (experimental region A), a linear road (experimental region B), and a curved road (experimental region C) from the city center to perform the verification experiment. Vector data of road lane markings were generated using the proposed method for each region. The positional accuracy, object validity, geometric integrity, and vector structural editing tests were performed to determine whether their qualities were suitable for the high-definition road map standard. The positional accuracy test results revealed that the root mean square error (RMSE) for the horizontal and vertical positions was within 0.1 m. This indicates that the vector data generated using the proposed method was suitable for the positional accuracy standard. The object validity test results revealed that a geometric error occurred because of the classification of several planar objects as road lane markings, and several road lane markings were omitted in the object extraction test. During the experiment, the object extraction rates of the blue and yellow lanes, which are generally located on the borders of roads, were found to be low, but overall showed good results. The results of the geometric integrity test showed that no object had a valid length of vector data objects below 0.01 m, and the suitability was verified with no errors such as multipart, vertices overlap, and self-intersection. Meanwhile, the results of the vector structural editing test showed that the structural editing accuracy for type and kind of road lane markings were above or equal to 85%, and the inconvenience of manually entering vector data attributes was resolved. Experiments showed that data collection using the mobile mapping system (MMS) for road lane marking types was greatly affected by the surrounding environment, and lanes that did not correspond to certain painting regulations were misclassified. In this study, the proposed methodology for the construction of road lane markings was used to partially automate the previously manual process of constructing high-definition road maps. Thus, it is considered capable of supporting the construction and updates of high-definition road maps for national roads. In the future, the classification accuracy can be improved by constructing training data for various types of road lane markings, and subsequent research for the automatic detection of disconnected and omitted objects is required to support the examination of misclassified objects. Keyword : High-Definition Road Map, Mobile Mapping System, Point Cloud, Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Road Lane Marking, Drawing, Structural Editing, Quality Test

성인학습자의 긍정심리자본과 학습몰입과의 관계에서 자기주도학습능력의 매개효과

최인하 가야대학교 행정대학원 2023 국내석사

본 연구는 성인학습자의 긍정심리자본과 학습몰입과의 관계에서 자기주도학습능력의 매개효과를 알아보기 위해 수행하였다. 연구대상은 대학 학위과정에 재학 중인 만 30세 이상 성인학습자 275명이다. 자료분석은 SPSS 22.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 신뢰도 분석과 빈도분석, 기술통계 분석, t-검정과 ANOVA, Pearson 상관관계 분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 매개효과는 Hayes의 Process macro 프로그램 Model 4를 적용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구대상자의 성별은 남성 36명(13.1%), 여성 239명(86.9%)이었으며, 연령은 39세 이하가 31명(11.3%), 40-49세가 87명(31.6%), 50-59세가 122명(44.4%), 60세 이상이 35명(12.7%)이었다. 둘째, 주요 변수의 평균값은 5점 만점기준으로 긍정심리자본 3.76점, 자기주도학습능력 3.81점, 학습몰입 3.54점이었다. 셋째, 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 주요 변수의 차이를 분석한 결과, 자기주도학습능력의 하위요인 중 학습실행은 남성보다 여성이 높게 나타났다. 긍정심리자본 하위요인 중 낙관성과 자기주도학습능력 하위요인 중 학습실행은 50대가 39세 이하보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 학년에 따라 긍정심리자본과 자기주도학습능력, 학습몰입이 유의한 차이를 보였으며 3학년 이상이 1학년보다 높았다. 넷째, 성인학습자의 긍정심리자본, 자기주도학습능력, 학습몰입 전체와 하위요인 간의 상관관계는 모든 변인 간 유의미한 정적상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 긍정심리자본이 학습몰입에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 긍정심리자본이 높을수록(β=.719) 학습몰입이 잘 되는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 긍정심리자본 하위요인 중 자기효능감(β=.220), 희망(β=.337)과 낙관성(β=.221)이 높을수록 학습몰입이 높아지는 것으로 확인되었다. 여섯째, 성인학습자들의 긍정심리자본(β=.757)이 높을수록 자기주도학습능력이 높아지며, 자기주도학습능력(β=.728)을 긍정적으로 지각할수록 학습몰입이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 일곱째, 성인학습자의 긍정심리자본과 학습몰입의 관계에서 자기주도학습능력은 부분매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 긍정심리자본 하위요인인 자기효능감과 희망, 낙관성과 학습몰입과의 관계에서 자기주도학습능력은 부분매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 회복탄력성과 학습몰입과의 관계에서 자기주도학습능력은 완전매개효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 연구결과를 토대로 몇 가지 제언을 하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 긍정심리자본은 학습이나 훈련에 의해서 변화가 가능한 상태적(state-like)인 것이므로 성인학습자들의 학습몰입을 높이기 위해 긍정심리자본 향상 프로그램을 학년 초기부터 체계적으로 진행할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 성인학습자의 자기주도학습능력은 학습몰입에 직접적인 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 긍정심리자본과 학습몰입과의 관계에서 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타난 만큼 성인학습자의 자기주도학습능력을 향상시키기 위한 적극적인 개입이 필요하다. 셋째, 본 연구는 성인학습자의 학습몰입에 영향을 미치는 요인 중 학습자 특성에 한정하여 진행하였다. 후속연구에서는 학습자특성과 학습환경특성을 모두 고려하여 학습몰입에 영향을 미치는 요인을 종합적으로 분석할 필요가 있다. 이러한 한계에도 불구하고 본 연구는 성인학습자의 학습장면에서 고려해야 할 학습자특성과 그 영향을 분석하고, 이를 향상시키기 위한 실천적 방안을 마련하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제공하였다는데 그 의의가 있다. This study was conducted to find out the mediating effect of self-directed learning ability in the relationship between adult learners' positive psychological capital and learning commitment. The subjects of the study are 275 adult learners aged 30 or older who are enrolled in university degree courses. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS 22.0 statistical program for reliability analysis, frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, t-test and ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The mediating effect was analyzed by applying Hayes' Process macro program Model 4. The main results of this study are as follows. First, the gender of the study subjects was 36 men (13.1%) and 239 women (86.9%), and 31 women (11.3%) were under the age of 39, 87 (31.6%) were 40-49, 122 (44.4%) were 50-59, and 35 (12.7%) were over the age of 60. Second, the average value of major variables was 3.76 points for positive psychological capital, 3.81 points for self-directed learning ability, and 3.54 points for learning commitment based on a perfect score of 5. Third, as a result of analyzing the differences in major variables according to demographic and sociological characteristics, among the sub-factors of self-directed learning ability, women were higher in learning execution than men. Among the sub-factors of positive psychological capital, learning execution among the sub-factors of optimism and self-directed learning ability was found to be higher in their 50s than under the age of 39. In addition, positive psychological capital, self-directed learning ability, and learning commitment showed significant differences depending on the grade, and those in the third grade or higher were higher than those in the first grade. Fourth, the correlation between adult learners' positive psychological capital, self-directed learning ability, overall learning commitment, and sub-factors was found to have a significant positive correlation between all variables. Fifth, as a result of analyzing the effect of positive psychological capital on learning commitment, the higher the positive psychological capital (==).719) It was found that learning immersion was good. And self-efficacy (==) among the sub-factors of positive psychological capital.220), Hope (==.337) and optimism (==.It was confirmed that the higher the 221), the higher the learning commitment. Sixth, positive psychological capital of adult learners (==).The higher 757), the higher the self-directed learning ability, and the more positively perceived the self-directed learning ability (==.728), the higher the learning commitment. Seventh, in the relationship between adult learners' positive psychological capital and learning commitment, self-directed learning ability was found to have a partial mediating effect. In addition, in the relationship between self-efficacy and hope, optimism, and learning commitment, which are sub-factors of positive psychological capital, self-directed learning ability was found to have a partial mediating effect. On the other hand, it was confirmed that self-directed learning ability has a complete mediating effect in the relationship between resilience and learning commitment. Based on the above research results, several suggestions are as follows. First, since positive psychological capital is state-like that can be changed by learning or training, it is necessary to systematically carry out positive psychological capital improvement programs from the beginning of the school year to increase adult learners' immersion in learning. Second, as adult learners' self-directed learning ability not only directly affects learning commitment but also plays a mediating role in the relationship between positive psychological capital and learning commitment, active intervention is needed to improve adult learners' self-directed learning ability. Third, this study was conducted limited to the characteristics of learners among the factors affecting adult learners' learning commitment. In subsequent studies, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the factors affecting learning commitment by considering both learner characteristics and learning environment characteristics. Despite these limitations, this study is meaningful in that it analyzes learner characteristics and their effects to be considered in the learning scene of adult learners and provides basic data necessary to prepare practical measures to improve them.