主要 소나무속 잎의 特殊成分 分析

조재현 강원대학교 1999 국내석사

행동 분류 기반 이상 행동 탐지 모델 설계 및 구현

조재현 호서대학교 대학원 2020 국내석사

최근에는 딥러닝에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되면서 컴퓨터 비전에 관한 연구도 크게 발전했다. 그중에서도 이미지에서 사용자의 행동을 분류하는 기술의 개발은 이상 행동을 식별하고 관리자가 사전에 대처할 수 있게 한다. 예를 들어, 상점, 병원 및 거리의 CCTV를 사용하여 이상 행동을 분류하여 넘어지거나 도둑질과 같은 이상 행동에 대처할 수 있다. 여기서 이상 행동은 사람이 무언가를 인식하지만, 주의를 기울이지 않는 행동을 의미한다. 본 연구에서는 이상 행동을 감지하기 위해서 단일환경(매장)에서 사용자의 관절 좌표를 수집하고 이상 탐지 모델로 학습하여 이상 행동을 탐지한다. 행동 분류 기반 이상 행동 탐지 모델은 크게 관절 트래킹과 이상 행동 탐지 학습으로 나뉜다. 관절 트래킹은 RGB-D 카메라를 활용해서 관절 좌표를 수집하고, 전처리작업을 수행한다. 이상 행동 탐지 학습은 BRNN(Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network) 모델 기반으로 4가지 일상적인 행동과 이상 행동으로 분류해서 이상 행동을 탐지한다. 관절 트래킹은 키넥트 v2의 RGB-D 카메라를 활용해서 촬영하고, 키넥트 SDK 중 하나인 Skeleton Tracker로 25개의 관절 좌표를 수집한다. 수집된 관절 좌표는 학습을 위해 상대좌표 처리, 인덱스 제한, 미식별된 좌표에 대한 예외처리, 신체 부위에 맞게 관절 좌표 재배열 등 데이터 전처리작업을 수행한다. 이상 행동 탐지 학습은 3개의 BRNN 계층과 1개의 완전연결 계층으로 구성되며, 관절 좌표를 5개의 신체 부위(몸통, 왼팔, 오른팔, 왼발, 오른발)에서 계층이 깊어지면서 각 부위를 합쳐나간다. 첫 번째 계층에선 4개, 두 번째 계층에선 2개, 세 번째 계층에선 신체 부위 전체가 합쳐져서 25개의 관절 좌표에 시계열을 학습한다. 완전연결 계층에서는 4가지의 일반적인 행동(집는 행동, 선반을 관찰하는 행동, 물건을 관찰하는 행동, 걷는 행동)과 이상 행동으로 분류해서 일반적인 행동 이외에 행동을 이상 행동으로 탐지한다. 실험은 지상에서 1.2m 높이, 사용자로부터 1m 거리에서 설치하고, 사람의 양팔이 가리지 않는 30에서 60도 회전한 상태를 유지한다. 촬영은 각 모션 당 12초에서 15초 사이로 촬영했으며, 집는 행동 7회, 선반을 관찰하는 행동 1회, 물건을 관찰하는 행동 1회, 걷는 행동 1회로 10회의 행동을 수집한다. 각 행동당 2000프레임, 50개의 좌표로 총 15회의 학습을 진행했고, 집는

Thermodynamics/kinetics of dual-cation insertion chemistry and design of customized electrolyte for Mg-Li hybrid batteries

조재현 연세대학교 대학원 2020 국내박사

Rechargeable Mg batteries, which were first prototyped in the early 2000s with the Chevrel phase (CP) Mo6S8 cathode and a Mg metal anode, are regarded as one of the most promising substitutes for existing Li-ion batteries. The development of this battery system aims for its practical application in large-scale energy storage devices that demand guaranteed safety and low production costs (2.7 k$ ton−1). Compared to other types of batteries, Mg batteries better satisfy these requirements through the use of a Mg anode, attributed to its non-dendritic property (only with cases where the proper electrolyte composition and concentration are applied) and abundant reserves in the Earth’s crust (ca. 1.94 wt%). Furthermore, the Mg anode also has high volumetric (3833 mAh cm−3) and gravimetric (2205 mAh g−1) capacities along with a sufficiently negative standard potential (−2.37 V, vs standard hydrogen electrode). Nevertheless, the conventional method based on the way of the first prototype, wherein insertion/extraction of Mg2+ ions are performed for a series of electrochemical processes, now faces limitations to further advances, mainly due to the lack of suitable cathode materials other than CP. The greatest barrier to the development of Mg batteries relates to the inherent characteristic of divalent Mg2+ ions, which results in exceedingly strong interactions with host lattices. Various experimental and computational approaches have been developed in an attempt to resolve the above issue, and it became clear that the dual-salt Mg-Li hybrid battery (MgHB) system, which introduces fast Li+ ion insertion at the cathode by simply dissolving Li salts in the electrolyte, appears to be the most promising strategy. After the first report by Yagi et al., who adopted a LiFePO4 cathode, several materials such as TiS2, FeS2, Li4Ti5O12, MgCo2O4, S, Se, FeFe(CN)6, and LiMn2O4 were consecutively used with this new approach, including Mo6S8. While these studies demonstrate that the dual-salt concept is an appealing and highly feasible strategy for exploiting Mg anodes, most of the studies to date showed limitations in understanding the underlying working mechanism of the Mg2+/Li+ dual-cation environment and resolving the inherent drawback of the MgHB system (i.e., an excess quantity of Li+ ions should be stored within electrolytes when the applied host material does not originally contain Li atoms), as they simply focused on the replacement of cathode materials to achieve higher energy densities. In this thesis, therefore, profound investigations on thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the MgHB along with designing of the customized electrolyte composition having high Li+ concentrations were conducted. First, in the thermodynamic study, extensive theoretical and experimental investigations were performed to unravel the origin of the electrochemical properties of the MgHB at the atomistic and macroscopic levels. By revealing the thermodynamics of Mg2+ and Li+ co-insertion into the Mo6S8 cathode host using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it was shown that there is a threshold Li+ activity for the pristine Mo6S8 to prefer lithiation instead of magnesiation. Through precise control of the insertion chemistry using a dual-salt electrolyte, ultrafast discharge of the hybrid battery could be enabled by achieving 93.6% capacity retention at 20 C and 87.5% at 30 C, respectively, at ambient temperature. In a study on the kinetic of MgHBs, computational and experimental investigations into the Li+, Mg2+, and Mg2+/Li+ dual-cation transport properties within Mo6S8 have been carried out. Five representative paths were selected for 3D diffusion, and their corresponding energy barriers were determined. Based on the DFT calculation results, phenomena of the cation trapping, sluggishness of Mg2+ ion transport, and synchronized movement of inserted cation induced by repulsive interactions were revealed. The computational results were further validated by cyclic voltammetry conducted at ambient to high temperatures, from which apparent diffusion constants and activation energies for each case were determined. Broad agreement between the theoretical and experimental results could be confirmed, and an optimum scenario for charge−discharge processes within the MgHB system is suggested as a guideline. Lastly, an attempt was made to establish a dual-salt composition capable of supplying a high Li+ concentration, based on the fact that the available capacity of the MgHB is closely related to the number of charge carriers within electrolyte solution. A dual-salt electrolyte consisting of the LiAlCl4 complex (lithium aluminum chloride complex, LACC) and LiN(SO2CF3)2 (lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide, LiTFSI) was found to be an excellent candidate, providing 2.2 M Li+ concentration along with anodic stability up to 3 V (vs Mg/Mg2+). However, the LACC moiety of the above composition first had to undergo a two-step modification procedure comprising “Mg powder treatment” and “conditioning process” to properly implement Mg deposition and stripping at the Mg anode. Spontaneous substitutions of oxidation states between the anionic Al3+ complex and metallic Mg induced by these processes resulted in the generation of Mg2+ complex species within LACC solutions. The modified LACC was compatible with even 2 M of LiTFSI, through which concentration it was able to obtain 150 mAh g−1 capacity of a FePO4 cathode at 1.5 mg cm−2 loading density by only using 25.5 μL cm−2 electrolyte volume.

hCdc73에 의한 p53 mRNA 안정성 조절 및 세포 사멸 조절 연구 : Studies on hCdc73 in the regulation of p53 mRNA stability and apoptosis

조재현 포항공과대학교 일반대학원 2015 국내박사

종양형성은 정상세포의 다양한 유전자의 돌연변이(mutation) 내지는 상위 돌연변이(epimutation)에 의해 세포 사멸과 생존 조절의 매커니즘에 이상이 생김으로써 발생할 수 있다. 그러므로 p53 유전자 와 같은 세포 사멸 / 생존을 관장하는 유전자의 변이와 조절을 연구하는 것은 종양형성 또는 암 연구에 있어서 필수적이라고 할 수 있다. hCdc73(Human cell division cycle73, 또는 parafibromin)은 RNA 중합효소 II (RNA polymerase II) 결합 복합체(PAFc)의 구성 단백질로 기능이 알려져 있다. PAFc는 Paf1, Cdc73, Ctr9, Leo1, Rtf1으로 구성되어 있으며, 진핵생물에서 구성 단백질들과 복합체 구성이 진화적으로 잘 보존되어 있음이 알려져 있다. 대부분의 경우, PAFc는 일반 전사 조절인자(general transcription factor)로 생각되는데, 이는 PAFc가 RNA 중합효소와 결합하는 것 때문이기도 하며, 전사의 개시(initiation)과 연장(elongation) 단계에서 영향을 미친다는 것이 보고되었기 때문이기도 하다. 그러나, 최근의 다양한 연구에서는 PAFc 좀 더 다양한 기능을 가지며, PAFc 각각의 구성 단백질들이 복합체의 구성원으로써가 아니라 개개의 특별한 조절 기능을 가진다는 점이 밝혀지고 있다. 특히 PAFc 내에서, hCdc73 단백질은 암과의 연관성이 높다고 알려져 있는데, 그 중에서도 부갑상샘암(parathyroid carcinoma)와 부갑상선 기능 항진증-턱 종양(hyperparathyroidism jaw-tumor)와 연관이 깊은 것으로 보고되었다. 실례로, hCdc73의 변이는 약 90%이상의 가족성, 산발성 부갑상선암에서 발견되어왔는데, 이를 통해 hCdc73는 종양억제단백질로 제안되어 왔다. 하지만, hCdc73가 세포의 사멸과 생존, 더 나아가 종양화 과정에 미치는 영향에 대한 기작은 아직 충분히 연구되지 않았다. 본 연구는, hCdc73가 세포 사멸과 생존에 미치는 영향을 파악하는데 주 목적을 두었고, 이를 알아보기 위해 hCdc73를 인위적으로 없앤 상태에서 세포의 생존 변화를 관찰하였다. 그 결과로, hCdc73가 줄어듦에 따라, 세포자살(apoptosis)이 강하게 증가하는 현상을 관찰 할 수 있었으며, 마이크로어레이(Microarray) 실험을 통해 p53 종양억제 유전자와 BAX, GADD45a와 같은 p53 하위 유전자들의 발현이 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다. 추가적인 실험을 통해, hCdc73 소멸에 의한 세포자살 증가에 p53 종양억제 단백질 증가가 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 밝혔다. 또한, 다양한 생화학적 실험을 통하여, hCdc73가 세포질에서 eEF1Bγ, Ski8단백질과 복합체를 형성하여, p53 mRNA에 결합하여 p53 mRNA을 분해시키고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러므로, hCdc73 감소에 의한 세포자살과 p53 단백질의 증가는 세포내에서 hCdc73가 관장하던 p53 mRNA 분해기능이 없어졌기 때문인 것으로 생각할 수 있다. 또한, DNA 손상신호와 같은 p53 활성화 신호에서는 세포질에서 hCdc73의 양이 감소함을 확인할 수 있었다. 마지막으로, 암환자에서 발견되는 hCdc73의 변이 중 하나인 K34Q 아미노산 변이체는 p53 mRNA에 정상 hCdc73보다 강하게 결합하며, p53 mRNA를 더 잘 분해시킴을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러므로, 일련의 결과들은 hCdc73가 세포 사멸과 생존을 p53 mRNA조절을 통해 관장함을 제시하는 증거이다. 처음에 언급한대로, hCdc73가 암과 유전적으로 연관되어 있다고 보고는 되어있으나, 정확한 생화학적, 생물학적 기작은 아직 확실치 않다. 본 연구에서는 hCdc73가 p53 종양억제 유전자 조절을 통해 세포자살을 조절 할 수 있음을 제시하였고, 이는 hCdc73 변이에 따른 암 발생을 설명 할 수 있는 매우 확실한 생화학적, 분자 생물학적 기작이다. Tumorigenesis can be caused by mutation and epimutation of the various genes of normal cells, which breaks the homeostasis between cell death and survival. Therefore, understanding regulation of key cell death regulator genes, such as p53, is critical step to understand and control tumorigenesis. Human cell division cycle 73 (hCdc73, also known as parafibromin), is a component of RNA Polymerase II associated factor 1 complex (PAFc). The PAFc is composed of Paf1, Cdc73, Ctr9, Leo1, and Rtf1 and these components are evolutionary conserved in eukaryotes. Mostly, PAFc has been shown as a general transcription factor complex especially having a role in transcriptional activation and elongation. However, recent reports emphasized that PAFc has broader functional spectrum and individual PAFc components have their own regulatory roles. Among hPaf1 complex components, hCdc73 is highly implicated in various cancers such as parathyroid carcinoma and hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT). Various reports suggest hCdc73 may function as a tumor suppressor, because mutations in hCdc73 gene loci were discovered in majority (>90%) of familial and sporadic parathyroid carcinomas. Nonetheless, detailed mechanism of how hCdc73 is involved in cell death / survival and tumorgenesis still need to be elucidated. To investigate the role of hCdc73 in regulating cell death and survival, cell apoptosis and proliferation were evaluated under hCdc73 depletion. By hCdc73 depletion, apoptosis was significantly induced. Moreover, gene expression profile analysis revealed that p53 and its downstream target genes, such as BAX and GADD45a, were significantly increased by hCdc73 depletion and p53 is critical for the hCdc73 mediated apoptosis and tumor cell growth. Using various biochemical approaches, I found that cytoplasmic hCdc73 forms a complex with eEF1Bγ and hSki8, binds to mature p53 mRNA and controls its RNA stability at basal condition. Intriguingly, Cytoplasmic hCdc73 disappears by DNA damage, which may leads to transient p53 raise on demand. Mutant hCdc73-K34Q derived from parathyroid tumor exhibits stronger binding to p53 mRNA, reduced p53 protein, and advantage on cell survival. These results indicate that hCdc73 controls cellular homeostasis and tumorigenesis via p53 control. Although hCdc73 closely related to tumorigenesis, its role in cell death and survival has not been uncovered well yet. Here, I elucidated molecular mechanism of hCdc73 controlling p53 mRNA and apoptosis. This study clearly provide an explanation for how hCdc73 and its mutation is related to cell death and highlights p53 as a mediator for hCdc73 implicated cancers.

『說文解字』‘貝’部字의 의미파생 연구

조재현 韓國外國語大學校 大學院 2010 국내석사

『说文解字』“贝”部字的意义引申研究 硕士研究生 曺在铉 本论文研究的目的主要在两个方面。一个是通过汉字了解古代中国的财货观念,进而理解当时的文化。另一个是借由各个字的字义,分析汉字意义的引申方式。即通过『说文解字』“贝”部字的字义引申来解释“贝”部字的各种派生义。 贝的本义是“海介蟲也。”,它是从海边获得的,当时的“贝”是珍贵的东西,因此以后就把它用作货币和装饰品。文字和文化有着密不可分的关系。现在我们使用的汉字都包蕴着一定的古代文化内涵,因此可以通过汉字理解造字当时的一些社会和文化,我们同样可以从当时的文化来理解汉字内涵。 本论文的各章内容如下: 第一章为绪论,阐明研究目的,综述当前国内外研究概况,同时揭示了研究范围与方法。 第二章分析的是贝部字的财货意义。『说文』贝部中,表“财货”意义的有14个字,在全体68个字中占20.6%。(1)表财物和财货的字有“貝、財、賄、貨、䞈、資、贎”。(2)表“收集、积累、富裕”的字有“貯、賸、賑、賢”。(3)表“减少、浪费财货”的字有“貶、費、貧”。本章的贝部字反映的是最接近本义的贝部字,即表财货的积累、财货的减少等。贝部字反映了财富的积累或浪费,体现出财货的两面性。 第三章分析的是贝部字的礼物意义。『说文』贝部中,表“送礼”意义的一共有16个字,在全体68个字中占23.5%。(1)表“上给下”的字有“賞、賜、貺、贛、賚、貸、賀”。它们有赏赐、施恩、祝贺等的意义。(2)表“从下给上”的字有“貢、賂、賕”。它们有送财货、立功、行贿等的意义。(3)表“送礼、给予”的字有“贈、貽、齎”。(4)表“送丧家、捐款”的字有“賵、贍、賻”。本章主要把贝部字的意义归为“上给下、下给上、给予、送丧家”等四大意义。它们大部分表褒义,如,賞、賜、貺、贛、賚、貸、賀等,但表贬义的只出现了两个賂、賕。 第四章分析的是贝部字的交易意义。『说文』贝部中,表“交易”意义的一共有23个字,在全体68个字中占33.8%。它们都是表现有关经贸方面的字。其中,(1)表“经商、做生意”的字有“賈、販、”。(2)表“以物易物”意义的字有“貿、贖”。(3)表“市场”意义的字有“買”。(4)表“买卖、购物”意义的字有“賣、、購、賖”。(5)表“价格”意义的字有“貴、賤”。(6)表“利益”意义的字有“贏、賴”。(7)表“租赁”意义的字有“貰、貣、賃”。(8)表“抵押”意义的字有“贅、質、貼”。(9)表“税金”意义的字有“賦、賨、貲”。本章主要把贝的引申义归为九大类。经过归类与分析可以窥知与“贝”有关的经贸情形和社会生活面貌。 第五章分析的是贝部字的其他意义。『说文』贝部当中,其他类一共有15个字,在全体68个字中占22.1%。其中,“貪、責、負、賓、賽、貤、賭、贊、貱、䝪、貳”等用做动词来表示, 欲物、求、恃、敬、报、重叠、赌博、见、迻予、占卜、次要的。用作名词的只出现一例,如“賮”是表“礼物”。另外“𧴪”是表“贝声”意义的字。“賁、賏”是表“装饰”意义的字等。通过分析的结果,贝的引申义有“见面、尽礼、恭敬、装饰品”等。 第六章为结论,对本文进行了总结和整理。 本文试图以『说文』“贝”部意义来理解当时的社会制度,通过贝部字,揭示了当时的社会习俗和文化。以字形和本义窥视汉字的意义演变,对汉字文化的含义和字义演变过程有不可忽视的作用。以文字学的视角来探究汉字的字义演变,不仅有助于汉字本身意义的演变,对理解当时社会的方方面面也有很大的意义。

예비체육교사의 진로장벽과 진로결정수준 관계 연구

조재현 서강대학교 교육대학원 2019 국내석사

본 연구는 예비체육교사들의 진로장벽과 진로결정수준과의 관계를 조사 분석하여 체육교사 선발시험을 준비하고 있는 예비체육교사들의 시험 준비과정에 도움을 줄 수 있는 기초적인 자료를 제공함과 동시에 예비체육교사들의 체육교사 임용선발 시험 준비 과정 속에서 보다 합리적인 개인 및 진로 정체성과 미래의 체육교사가 되어 있을 나의 모습을 희망하며 반성적인 성찰과 숙고를 함에 있어서 도움이 되고자 한다. 또한, 진로장벽이 높은 예비체육교사들에대한 이해를 도모하고자 하며, 예비체육교사들의 제도적 차원의 지원을 위한 구체적인 도움의 자료를 제공하는데 그 중점을 두고 있다. 이와 같은 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 연구에서 사용한 조사 대상은 체육교사 선발시험을 준비하는 예비체육교사들이며, 서울지역의 3개의 대학원, 4개의 대학교, 노량진에 소재한 학원 2곳을 선정하였고, 총 236명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 표본추출 절차는 편의표본추출법으로 진행하였으며, 수집된 자료 중 응답이 누락되거나 불성실하게 응답하였다고 판단한 8부를 제외한 총 228부의 자료가 최종 분석에 사용되었다. 본 연구에서 사용된 설문지의 진로장벽 척도는 김경수(2010)가 개발한 체육전공자 진로장벽검사 설문지를 토대로 전문가 집단과 상의 및 검토를 통하여 본 연구의 목적에 맞게 수정・보완 하여 번안한 것을 조사 도구로 사용하였으며, 하위 척도로는 정보부족 6문항, 다중역할 갈등 6문항, 대인관계의 어려움 6문항, 중요한 타인과의 갈등 4문항, 전문적 소양 부족 5문항, 사회인식 문제 4문항, 경제적 어려움 3문항, 주위의 기대 2문항, 흥미・적성 부족 2문항으로 구성되었다. 진로결정수준에 관한 척도로는 고향자(1992)가 Osopow, Carney, Winer, Yanico와 Koschir(1976)이 개발한 진로미결정검사를 우리문화에 맞게 번안한 설문지를 사용 하였으며, 전문가 집단과 상의 및 검토를 통하여 본 연구의 목적에 맞게 수정・보완 하여 조사도구로 사용했으며, 점수가 높을수록 진로에 대한 결정정도가 높은 수준을 의미하도록 점수를 지수화 하였다. 수집된 설문지를 기반으로, SPSS 23.0 Version프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였고, 본 연구를 위해 사용된 통계방법은 빈도분석, 독립 t검정, 일원변량분석, 중다회귀분석, 상관관계분석이며, Scheffe`s test를 통해서 사후검증을 실 시하였다. 위와 같은 방법으로 연구를 진행한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 예비체육교사들의 인구통계학적 특성(성별, 공부 방법, 학교 계열, 시험 경험, 월평균 수입, 엘리트선수 출신 여부, 실기 수준, 연령)에 따라 진로장벽이 전반적으로 차이가 나는 것으로 나타났다. 성별, 공부 방법, 시험 경험, 엘리트선수 출신 여부, 실기 수준, 연령에 대해서는 유의한 차이가 나타났고, 학교 계열, 월평균수입에 대해서는 진로장벽에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 예비체육교사들의 인구통계학적 특성(성별, 공부 방법, 학교 계열, 시험 경험, 월평균 수입, 엘리트선수 출신 여부, 실기 수준, 연령)은 진로결정수준에 전반적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 성별, 공부 방법, 시험 경험, 실기 수준, 연령에서는 진로결정수준에 유의한 차이가 나타났지만, 학교계열, 월평균수입, 엘리트선수 출신 여부에서는 진로결정수준이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 셋째, 예비체육교사들의 진로장벽과 진로결정수준의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 진로장벽의 하위요인별 정보부족, 다중역할 갈등, 대인관계의 어려움, 중요한 타인과의 갈등, 전문적 소양 부족, 사회인식 문제, 경제적 어려움, 주위의 기대, 흥미・적성 부족과 통계적으로 유의한 부적(-) 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합해 보면, 예비체육교사들에게 있어 진로장벽은 체육교사라는 진로를 향해 준비를 하는 과정에 있어 영향력 있는 변인임을 알수 있다. The purpose of this study is to provide a fundamental resource which would be of great service to people who are preparing for the physical education teacher certificate examination by analyzing the relationship between barriers of their career and career decision level. This resource would also be helpful for my rational choice and career identity in becoming a physical education teacher. In other words, the resource is going to be used for introspection and being a better instructor. Moreover, this paper is trying to promote a social understanding that people who are preparing for the physical education teacher certificate examination have high career barriers. The focus is on providing concrete materials for an institutional support for people who are preparing the physical education teacher certificate examination. To accomplish the purpose of this study, the subjects are people who are preparing for the physical education teacher certificate examination. Subjects are from three graduate schools, four universities in Seoul, and two private institutions in Noryangjin and 236 people in total. The sampling procedure had been conducted by convenience sampling method and 228 questionnaires excluding 8 questionnaires which were not answered properly were used as final analysis material. Based on the career barrier inventory questionnaire for physical education major that Kim Kyoung Soo(2010) had developed, we revised the questionnaire to meet the purpose through discussion and review with a group of experts and used it as a research tool. Lower measures consist of six questions in information shortage, six questions in multiple role conflict, six questions in difficulty of human relations, four questions in conflicts with significant others, five questions in professional knowledge shortage, four questions in social awareness problem, three questions in economic difficulty, two questions in people’s expectations, and two questions in lack of interest and aptitude. For a measure of the career determination level, we used a revised questionnaire adapted for our culture which had been made by Go Hyang Ja(1992). The revised questionnaire is originally from the career indecision test developed by Osopow, Carney, Winer, Yanico, and Koschir(1976). We also revised the questionnaire to meet the purpose through discussion and review with a group of experts and used it as a research tool. Through this test, we can see that the higher the score, the higher the decision power of the career. Based on the questionnaires, SPSS 23.0 Version program was used for investigating the data. The statistic evaluation methods for this study are frequency analysis, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, multiple regression analysis, correlation analysis. Post verification was conducted through Scheffe’s test. According to the investigation, the following result is yielded. First, demographic factors of people who are preparing the physical education teacher certificate examination (sex, a way of studying, type of school, a test experience, average monthly individual income, elite athlete's background, practical skill level, and age) have an influence on barriers of their career. Sex, a way of studying, a test experience, elite athlete's background, practical skill level, and age significantly affected the outcome, but type of school and average monthly individual income did not have much effect on barriers. Second, people who are preparing the physical education teacher certificate examination demographic factors (sex, a way of studying, type of school, a test experience, average monthly individual income, elite athlete's background, practical skill level, and age) have also an influence on the career decision level. Sex, a way of studying, a test experience, practical skill level, and age significantly affected the outcome, but type of school, average monthly individual income, and elite athlete's background did not have much effect on the decision level. Third, when we look into the relationship between career barrier and career decision level, there is negative correlation between lower measures (information shortage, multiple role conflict, difficulty of human relations, conflicts with significant others, professional knowledge shortage, social awareness problem, economic difficulty, people’s expectations, and lack of interest and aptitude) and career decision level. Based on the above findings, the career barrier is an influential variable for people who are preparing the physical education teacher certificate examination in the process of preparing for the career of physical education teacher.

통번역에 자주 사용되는 표현

조재현 선문대학교 통번역 대학원 2002 국내석사

본 논문은 통번역 과정 동안 연습을 하면서 그리고 실전통번역을 하면서 접한 표현 중에서 유용하다고 생각되는 표현을 모아서 비슷한 표현끼리 모아 정리한 것이다. 분야는 경제분야에서부터 그 외 환경, 스포츠, 북한 문제 등 다양하다. 표현 정리방식은 우리말과 그에 따른 영어 표현 그리고 영어예문 순이다. 각 분야별 표현을 비슷한 표현끼리 정리함으로써 찾아보기 쉽게 구성하였으며 우리말 한 가지 표현에 대해서 여러 가지의 영어 표현을 정리 할 수 있도록 하였다. If the purpose of learning English is in enhancing translation skils, the main focus of study should be in finding the way to best use English in a real situation. I started to work on this thesis in the understanding that it is imperative to collect practical and frequently used English expressions from English texts and learning them. The expressions in this thesis are from various English texts ranging from newspapers to magazines and speeches and they cover subjects like economy, environment, sports and North Korean issues. This thesis consists of Korean expressions, equivalemt English expressions and example sentences. I belive this will be a strarting point in continuously working on collecting and learning more useful for translation.

칡(Pueraria lobata)의 활용방안에 관한 연구 : -산청군 삼장면을 대상으로-

조재현 경상국립대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

본 연구는 산림황폐의 주범으로 제거되어 폐기되고 있는 칡(Pueraria lobata) 자원을 재활용하기 위해 칡뿌리의 착즙 후 발생되는 슬러지를 천연황토벽돌 보강재로 사용하기 위한 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 본 연구는 칡덩굴류 제거로 산림의 황폐화를 막을 수 있고 임업소득을 창출한다. 2.칡뿌리 섬유를 황토벽돌 제조 시 5% 내외로만 혼합해도 고압으로 성형하는 벽돌제조공정의 특성상 황토벽돌의 길이 방향으로 칡섬유가 배향이 잘 되어 벽돌 성형에도 문제가 없고, 강도도 기존 황토벽돌보다 향상된 결과를 얻었다. 3.칡황토벽돌 시제품 제작 시 기성제품 제작 때 보다 짧은 혼합공정과 제조시간에도 불구하고, 우수한 강도 결과를 얻어 향후 보강재 역할을 충분히 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of this study is to recycle Pueraria lobata resources, which are being removed and discarded as the main cause of deforestation. The experimental results for using the sludge generated after squeezing Pueraria lobata roots as reinforcement for natural loess bricks are as follows. This study could prevent forest areas are become desolate by removing Pueraria lobata vines and create forestry income. Due to the nature of the brick manufacturing process, in which Pueraria lobata root fibers are mixed at around 5% when manufacturing red clay bricks, the Pueraria lobata fibers are well oriented in the longitudinal direction of the red clay bricks, resulting in improved strength compared to existing red clay bricks. Despite the shorter mixing process and manufacturing time when manufacturing the prototype of Pueraria lobata red clay bricks, it is expected t㏊t it will be able to serve as a reinforcing material in the future with excellent strength results.

古典小說에 나타나는 幻想界 硏究

조재현 국민대학교 대학원 2006 국내박사

The purpose of this study is to analyze and extract various space aspects and characters reflected in a Fantastic World in a classical novel throughout corresponding 50 works. In this manner, fantastic worlds are divided into five parts: the heavenly world(天上界), the wizard world(仙界), the world of the Dragon King's Palace(水宮界), th e world of the dead(저승계), the boundary world between the real and the surreal(現實界 境界 空間) and some round aspects are analyzed into 'a simple round', 'a round throughout his journey', 'a round throughout his dream' and 'a round throughout his death', focused on a hero from the real world comes and goes between th e real and the fantastic. First of all, some round aspects focused on each fantastic world are as follows: The heavenly world in a classical novel is not an object of journey but a place where is inspiring and receiving directions from the destiny. So it is thought that t he looks going and returning a celestial world are largely revealed to be two aspects: 'a round throughout one's dream and death: The heavenly world suggests that it be the most difficult world for one's body and mind to reach together and a human in a real world must get over the greatest distance to arrive in the heavenly world. Second, according to a human's wish, a space in the wizard world is presented a s the two following images exist. In case of a human looking for a miraculous me dicine like a <Sughyangjeon>, <Yangssijeon>, <Jingilchunghyorok>, a space in the wizard world is seen as a plain place with the graceful figure and in case of a hu man searching for a family like a <Jeonghaegyeongjeon>, <Yangpungjeon>, <Yeondangjeon>, it is seen as a brilliant palace. It is considered as the desire, a human's longing for a long life and wealth, reflected in works. As a result of analyzing some round aspects, the case that a process of journey is presented in detail is revealed mostly in this situation, coming and going between the wizard world. A round throughout one's death is not seen in a round between the wizard world. That's not because one's death is put directly into shape but because as a man bring a drug of revival and restoration to life from a long journey and meet the dead again, finally it is shaped into a space that a man overcomes one's own death. Third, the world of the Dragon King's Palace is not only a path to another fantastic world but a stopover and is described as a simple round in case of moving from the real world to the fantastic. While a character in a real receives some aids from the fantastic in the heavenly world, the wizard world, the underworld and so on, the world of the Dragon King's Palace takes some help from a human and call s for help immediately. From this point of view, it is thought that it is even more complementary in the real than in other worlds. Fourth, whether it is in a mountain or the sea, the beyond world is showed as a space keeping a vague feature without a fixed direction. The beyond world led by Hutobuin(后土夫人) brings out the feature that protect a human in the real warmly and in peace. On the contrary, the beyond world led by Yeomnadaewang(閻羅大王) appears to give thoroughly a human reward or punishment based on one's virtue and vice during one's life. That's because it plays an appraiser or watcher of the real world. Such role is derived from a recognition that death is fair and impartial to everyone and that the ideas of Hell under Buddhism have an enormous influence o n it. In addition, because the beyond world strongly has a space idea to free a human that the soul separate from a body from a world, it is thought that the soul separated from a body comes and goes between dream and death. Fifth, 'the boundary world between the real and the unreal' presents the space n of only in the real world but out of natural laws of the real. A typical boundary world is divided into three parts: 'well-known mountain' that Taoist lives in, 'tomb' that a ghost dwells in, 'the under world" that a monster resides in. It is thought t hat 'the boundary world between the real and the unreal' keeps a neutral tendency between the real and the unreal. 'The boundary world between the real and the un real' is presented as a simple round altogether. As a result of researching some spatial traits of the fantastic world focused on four rounds, we can see that 'the real & the fantastic' and 'the fantastic & the fantastic' have systematically an open-structure each other. As a consequence of analyzing some different works, we can see that the wizard world, the world of the Dragon King's Palace and the world of the dead are connected with 'Yaksu(弱水)'. 'Yaksu' shows a figure like a very broad lake, river or ocean. whichever figure presents, it reflects the image of the broad ocean. As a flowing 'Yaksu' surrounding the wizard world, the world of the Dragon King's Palace, the world of the dead and the like symbolizes the time that involves birth and death, it is estimated that the fantastic world finally exists transcending from the time. And as a human leaps over this river of the time, it is considered that a human not only experiences the dynamic between life and death but also has intense aspirations to communicate with the fantastic world beyond the world. And it is thought that the heavenly world with a figure like a huge mountain soaring in the middle that the wizard world, the world of the Dragon King's Palace and the world of the dead exist rises high. The heave my world is superior to all the other world and looks into the events that happen among all existences of the Universe and gives them some proper meanings. Next, as previously divided, the results of categorizing the characters in each world focused on the fantastic world-the heavenly world, the wizard world, the world of the Dragon King's Palace, the world of the dead and the boundary world between the real & the unreal-and analyzing the aspects and roles are as follows: First, Okhwangsangje(玉皇上帝), as the leader of the universe, is described not on ly as justice who judges values that discriminate between right and wrong and adjudicates praise and blame but as an existence that supervises all the fates of the Universe. Okhwangsangje as the leader, may reward a human for one's virtue. In this case, the nature of virtue keeps within the bounds, various universal models of a life, that pursue in the real world and in those days loyalty • filial piety • chastity(忠·孝·烈) taken essentially under the system of Confucianism appears to be a absolute value. Second, when a character in the real world lost a way and is at a loss, Sinseon(神仙) plays a key role that indicates a direction or leads a person. This role is similar to the elder of the groups. The elder is a man who is not simply older than any other people. In view of the idea that the elder prove symbolically the fact that the life of the groups is maintained as old as one's age, the existence of the elder i s a significant. Accordingly as the elder worship based on this nature is combined with a figure that is a Taoistic wizard, it is thought that he is shaped as Sinseon(老仙) getting to know all the awareness and wisdom of the whole world during h is eternal life. Third, looking around the figures and roles of the sea God tribes, we can see th at the sea King is presented as a ruler in the world of the Dragon King's Palace and as an old fisherman in the real world. The Prince and Princess of the Sea God is embodied as a beautiful boy and a pretty girl. The significant part among the various roles of the sea God tribes is the role-shift of the Princess of the Sea God. While the Princess of the Sea God in a myth or a legend become nearly the Queen or play a key role that gives birth to a successor to the throne, the Princess of the Sea God in a classical novel becomes hero's favorite mistress or is among the wive s in general. According to the result from the analysis of the figures of the Princes s of the Sea God in <Hongnangjeon>, <Jingilchunghyorok> and so forth, such a res ult may mean that the figure of Baeng neung-pa, the Princess of the Sea God in <Guunmong>, presents a concrete model to the nature and role shift of the Princes s of the Sea God. Fourth, we can see that ,in the world of the dead, the nature of Hutobuin differs from that of Yeomnadaewang. While Yeomnadaewang symbolizes a strict paternity that estimates and judges a person, discriminating between right and wrong, Hutobuin symbolizes a warm maternity that surround the people in the real world who spiritually wander out of the real world. The difference of the role like this is out of the notion of the world beyond (of Buddhism) called 'reward - punishment : heaven - hell' and may suggest a new concept of the world beyond, what is called 'judgement' and 'affection'. Fifth, the characters in the boundary world between the real and the unreal are divided into three parts: an ascetic, a ghost and the spirit. An ascetic in a heroic novel at the end of the Joseon Dynasty is described as an extraordinary master that changes a person with God's will(天命) into a hero. When a main character is put to the most difficult and miserable situations, An ascetic tells him that he has not only transcendental abilities but also boundless potentialities and trains him to sho w his abilities.. Like this, under the situation that everything is deficient, as a person meets a reversal moment dramatically, such a change stimulates interest in a story and makes a kind of satisfaction. The shape of a spirit is presented as formless and human form. The shape of a humanized spirit, especially, relates to a method that disclose the problems in the real world. An author gives a spirit a form like a human, which intends to be free from death, an object of fear and express one's self and reveal the problems of the real world by help of a spirit with a character like a human. As the conflicts among one's experience during one's life aren't settled, a spirit tries to solve the problems using a lot of movements: Sinwonseolchi(伸寃雪恥:clearing oneself of a false charge and wiping away a disgrace), 'keeping releations', 'gratitude and revenge(報恩과 復讎)', 'just making a disturbance(단순作亂)'. Likewise, as a result of analyzing the forms and roles focused on the various characters in the fantastic world, we can see that a rank system is established on the basis of the supervision(主宰性) and the miracle(靈明性). The supervision and the miracle that Jeong, Yak-Yong applies the theory and concept of Sung Confucianism t o the original heaven worship of a folk have much similarities to the roles of Buddha or Okhwangsangje in a classical novel. The supervision means authority of Go d and the miracle means a divine power of God. The absolute power of the supreme deity is derived from the supervision. Buddha or the King of hell are described as a the existence that supervises God's will and they only have both the supervision and the miracle among the existences in the fantastic world. With their abilities, they control the fate of all beings. As the chiefs of the fantastic world, like a wizar d, The Sea God and the King of hell, play an important part as a representative of Providence, their authorities are called the representative power. Therefore, we can see that Buddha or the King of hell gives a agent God's will and the sacred object s that demonstrate concretely God's will in the wizard world, the world of the Dra gon King's Palace and the boundary world between the real and the unreal. And, according to God's will, they ply a specialized role that observe closely and preserve someone in the under world. As a result of researching various space aspects and characters reflected in a Fant astic World in a classical novel, the values of literary like the followings are derived. First, a fantastic world protects the value of a real world, criticizes lots of pending issues and ultimately pursues a progressive equilibrium in a real world. All the existences in a Fantastic world take attitudes that emphasize basic values within Confucian ideas. In addition, a main character in a real world is described as a person that faithfully performs the values in the three bonds and the five moral rules in human relations. On the other hand, with the assistance of a fantastic world and themselves, they criticize some social problems in a real world or express the inner problems of human or indicate metaphorically all kinds of social irregularities and hit end to be rewarded. But these various movements have made a significant contribution that is not to change the system in a real world but to comment on a social development. Second, it seems that the close relationship between a fantastic world and a real world is to pursue a desire for perfect universe. Just as purgatory in Western is a world made into a alternative place to be free from a circumstantial situation and a fear of death that can't persuade people to save their life with the notions, Heaven and Hell, a fantastic world in a classical novel is another world that consists of a huge universe and has an aspect as a tremendous passage connected with a real world. Therefore purgatory has a medium disposition between Heaven and Hell. As each world has an individual disposition, the wizard world and the world of the Dragon King's Palace have an individual territory. A work that separates space and decides the category of the world is performed on the basis of the contemporary ideology. In result, what contemporary writers pursue throughout various fantastic world in classical novel lies in individuality, complexity and diversity. A fantastic world in a classical novel reflects the contemporary ideology that pur sues the universal hope of humankind and the ideology, in general, maintains its positive and warm sight. A modem society demands to recognize the fact that is only seen and takes strong anxiety and loneliness out of the visual evidence that only a human is found as the existence that can communicate each other in the vast uni verse. Science and reason in modern society expand human intellect but limit the earth to one space and intend to leave only a human race in the small earth. Accordingly hope of humankind in modern society has no more loneliness in a space cal led the 'Earth' and so may take alone the responsibility for all absurd situation of t he world. Like this, when a person feels lonely and uncomfortable in classical novel, the existence of a fantastic world before the main character spreads out. These aspects inform us of what is the positive and dynamic power that unreality provides a lonely person in a real world with. A fantastic world in a classical novel has significance under the relation to the real world. A hero in a classical novel experiences the real world and the fantastic world and putting together, he pursues 'more perfect universe'. A view of that a fantastic world escape from the solitude that human feel and give the dynamic power to pursue 'more perfect universe', A fantastic world in a classical novel will cast a literary significance to modem society.

상담자 성격5요인 특성이 작업동맹에 미치는 영향 : 상담자 발달 수준의 조절효과

조재현 숙명여자대학교 교육대학원 2015 국내석사

본 연구는 현재 상담을 진행하고 있는 상담자를 대상으로 성격5요인 특성, 작업동맹, 상담자 발달수준의 상관관계를 살펴보고 성격5요인 특성과 상담자 발달수준이 작업동맹에 미치는 영향, 그리고 성격5요인 특성과 작업동맹의 관계에서 상담자 발달수준이 조절 역할을 하는지 확인하고자 하였다. 이러한 검증을 통해 작업동맹에 영향을 미치는 상담자의 성격특성과 상담자 발달수준의 조절효과를 찾아 보다 효과적이고 긍정적인 작업동맹을 형성하는데 이바지하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 연구 문제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상담자의 성격5요인 특성은 작업동맹에 영향을 미치는가, 둘째, 상담자의 성격 5요인 특성이 작업동맹에 미치는 영향에서 상담자 발달 수준이 조절하는가이다. 이를 위해 서울·경기 지역에 소재한 청소년 상담복지센터, 초·중·고·대학의 학생생활 상담센터와 건강가정지원센터 등의 공공기관과 사설상담센터 등 다양한 곳에서 상담을 진행하는 상담자 261명을 대상으로 성격5요인 특성과 작업동맹, 상담자 발달수준을 측정하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 20.0 window용 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 먼저 측정도구의 신뢰도와 변인들의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 Cronbach's α 계수를 산출하였고, 상관분석을 실시하였다. 성격 5요인과 작업동맹, 상담자 발달수준과 작업동맹의 관계를 알아보기 위해 회귀분석을 실시하였고 마지막으로 성격5요인 특성이 작업동맹에 영향을 미칠 때 상담자 발달수준이 조절하는지를 알아보기 위해 성격 5요인과 상담자 발달수준의 상호작용항을 만들어 위계적 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성격5요인 특성, 작업동맹, 상담자 발달수준은 서로 유의한 상관이 있었다. 성격5요인 특성 중 신경증은 작업동맹과 유의미한 부적상관을, 외향성·개방성·친화성·성실성은 유의미한 정적상관을 보였다. 상담자 발달수준 또한 작업동맹과 유의한 정적상관을 보였다. 둘째, 성격5요인 특성인 신경증, 외향성, 개방성, 친화성, 성실성 모두 작업동맹에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 상담자 발달수준도 작업동맹에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인임을 밝혔다. 셋째, 성격5요인 특성과 작업동맹의 관계에서, 성격5요인 중 상담자 발달수준의 조절효과에 영향 받는 요인은 친화성과 개방성으로, 상담자 발달수준은 작업동맹을 높이는 조절역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 상담자 발달수준의 조절효과가 확인되지 않은 신경증·외향성· 성실성은 상담자 발달수준의 높고 낮음에 따라 신경증, 외향성, 성실성이 작업동맹에 미치는 영향이 크게 달라지지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 넷째, 상담자 발달수준이 높으면 작업동맹도 높고 상담자 발달수준이 낮으면 작업동맹도 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 상담자의 성격적 특성이 작업동맹에 미치는 영향에서 상담자 발달수준의 조절효과를 살펴보았을 때, 상담자 발달수준이 높은 집단의 경우 친화성과 개방성이 작업동맹에 미치는 영향력이 상담자 발달수준이 낮은 집단보다 더 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 상담자 발달수준이 높을수록 상담자의 긍정적인 성격특성이 작업동맹에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 정도를 증가시키는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 그러나 신경증, 외향성, 성실성의 상담자 성격특성이 작업동맹에 영향을 미치는데 있어서 상담자 발달수준은 그 영향력을 조절하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 현재 상담을 진행하고 있는 상담자를 대상으로, 성격5요인 특성과 상담자 발달수준이 작업동맹과 관련이 있으며, 상담자 발달수준이 성격5요인 특성 중 친화성과 개방성을 조절하여 작업동맹에 유의한 영향을 미친다는 것을 밝힌 것에 의의가 있다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 상담 및 실제에 대한 시사점 및 후속연구에 대한 제안을 논의하였다.