제과·제빵 프로그램이 지적장애 학생의 직업준비도와 제과·제빵 기술에 미치는 영향

조순자 우석대학교 대학원 2016 국내석사

Influence of bakery․pastry program on the vocational readiness and bakery·pastry skills of the students with Intellectual disabilities Written by: Jo, soon-ja Department of Special Education Graduate School of Education Woosuk University Directed by: Prof. Chung, Jin-ja, Ph. D. <Abstract> In order to understand the influence of bakery·pastry program on the vocational readiness and bakery․pastry skills of the students with intellectual disability, this study conducted 20 sessions (twice a week) through which four intellectually disabled students from the special class of a middle school in J region of Jeonbuk were taught bakery․pastry skills. The results of the observation are as follows. First, bakery․pastry program had a positive effect on the vocational readiness of the students with intellectual disability. In terms of individual changes, student A showed the biggest changes in work ethics and social skills, while changing the least in cognitive skills. Student B changed the most in occupational skills while showing little changes in self-regard and cognitive skills. Student C appeared to change greatly in occupational skills and cognitive skills but did not change at all in self-regard. Student D showed some changes in daily life, cognitive skills and occupational skills, but showed the least change in work ethics. In summary, student A changed the most in work ethics, while student B and C changed the most in occupational skills, and student D changed the most in daily life. Second, bakery․pastry program also had a positive effect on bakery·pastry skills of the students with intellectual disability. In terms of individual changes, student A improved in the order of safety and sanitation skills, bakery·pastry preparation skills, and practical bakery․pastry skills, while student B showed improvement in the order of bakery․pastry preparation skills, safety and sanitation skills, and practical bakery․pastry skills. In addition, student D improved in the order of bakery․pastry preparation skills, practical bakery․pastry skills, and safety and sanitation skills. That is, student A showed high level of improvement in safety and sanitation skills, while student B, C and D improved more in bakery·pastry preparation skills. Above results from this study implies that vocational preparation using bakery․pastry program contributes effectively in improving vocational readiness and bakery․pastry skills of the students with intellectual disability when used for the actual bakery․pastry skill instructional courses. However, there are some limitations regarding this study. First, this study is limited to the intellectually disabled students of the special class of general school, so it is impracticable to apply the result of this study to every student with intellectual disability. Second, since the instructions using bakery․pastry program were offered in bakery․pastry lab of the poor area instead of the actual workplace of the local community, it was not able to confirm the results on how to resolve or respond to the problems, emerged from awareness level on the job of baker or personal relations in the local community. Moreover, this study could not verify the process of generalization for different conditions or targets due to the relatively small number of experiment sessions. Based on the results from this study, there are few suggestions for further studies. First, as this study is conducted with only four students with intellectual disability, it is essential to include more students for further studies. Second, it is necessary to verify the long term effect of applying the program in the field which requires repetitive practical training. It is also required to construct system for quality control. Third, for implementation of program to improve vocational readiness, further studies with high quality should follow for social integration and adaptation while considering employment after graduation. Moreover, a program involves students without disability should be arranged as well. key word : bakery․pastry program, vocational readiness, bakery․pastry skills, students with Intellectual disabilities

박경리 소설 연구

조순자 숭실대학교 1994 국내석사

아버지의 양육참여도와 유아의 자기능력지각과의 관계

조순자 원광대학교 교육대학원 2009 국내석사

본 연구에서는 5세 유아를 둔 아버지의 양육참여도와 유아의 자기능력지각을 알아보고 두 변인간의 관계를 알아보는 것으로 목적으로 한다. 또한, 유아의 성별에 따라 어떤 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 한다. 이와 같은 목적에 따라 다음과 같은 연구문제가 설정되었다. 1. 아버지의 양육참여도는 어떠한가? 유아의 성별에 따라 어떤 차이가 있는가? 2. 유아의 자기능력지각은 어떠한가? 유아의 성별에 따라 어떤 차이가 있는가? 3. 아버지의 양육참여도와 유아의 자기능력지각은 어떤 관계가 있는가? 1) 남아의 경우, 아버지의 양육참여도와 유아의 자기능력지각은 어떤 관계가 있는가? 2) 여아의 경우, 아버지의 양육참여도와 유아의 자기능력지각은 어떤 관계가 있는가? 연구대상은 전주시내의 사회경제적으로 중류층인 아파트 주변의 유치원과 어린이집 각 3개소씩 총6개 기관의 5세 유아 193명과 그 아버지이다. 연구의 자료분석은 SPSS 통계프로그램을 이용하여 다음과 같이 통계처리 하였다. 첫째, 아버지의 양육참여도, 유아의 자기능력지각 점수와 유아의 성별에 따른 차이를 살펴보기 위해서 평균과 표준편차를 산출하고 t-test를 실시하였다. 둘째, 유아의 자기능력지각에 아버지의 양육참여도가 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 중다회기분석(Muliple Regression)을 실시하였다. 연구의 결과를 토대로 결론을 내리면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 아버지의 양육참여도는 모든 하위요인에서 보통정도이며, 유아의 성별에 따라 차이가 없다. 즉 아버지의 양육참여도의 각 하위요인 여가활동, 생활지도, 가사활동, 학습지도 모두에서 차이가 없다. 둘째, 유아의 자기능력지각은 모든 하위요인에 있어 조금 높으며 유아의 성별에 따라 부분적으로 차이가 있다. 즉, 자기능력지각의 하위요인인 신체능력에서만 차이가 있고, 인지능력, 사회능력, 전반적 자아가치에서는 차이가 없다. 셋째, 아버지의 양육참여도는 유아의 자기능력지각을 부분적으로 예측한다. 남아의 경우 아버지의 양육참여도의 하위요인인 생활지도, 가사활동, 학습지도는 전반적으로 남아의 자기능력지각을 예측해 줄 수 있는 변인이다. 여아의 경우 아버지의 양육참여도의 하위여인인 여가활동, 생활지도, 가사활동, 학습지도 중 생활지도만이 여아의 자기능력지각을 예측해 줄 수 있는 변인이다. This study investigates the relationship between the degree of father's participation in young children's education and fosterage and young children's perceived self-competence. The questions for research were as follows: 1. What is the degree of father's participation in young children's education and fosterage? Is there any difference in the degree of father's participation in young children's education and fosterage according to young children's gender? 2. What is the degree of young children's perceived self-competence? Is there any difference in young children's perceived self-competence according to young children's gender? 3. What is the relationship between the degree of father's participation in young children's education and fosterage and young children's perceived self-competence? 1) For boys, is there any relationship between the degree of father's participation in young children's education and fosterage and young children's perceived self-competence? 2) For girls, is there any relationship between the degree of father's participation in young children's education and fosterage and young children's perceived self-competence? The subjects of this study were 193 fathers and their children aged five of 3 day care centers and 3 kindergartens in J City. Choi Gyeong-sun (1992)'s tool was used for fathers to measure the degree of father's participation in young children's education and fosterage. And SPPC(Self-Perception Profile Children) of Harter(1982) that had been corrected by Jang Jeong-won(1996), which the researcher corrected and made picture cards, was used to measure young children's perceived self-competence. The collected data has been analyzed by percentage, mean, SD, t-test and multiple regression analysis with 10.0 SPSS/PC Program. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, Young children's fathers show the average level of participation in young children's education and fosterage, there is not any difference in the degree of father's participation in young children's education and fosterage according to young children's gender. Second, Young children show slight higher level than average of perceived self-competence. There is difference only in sub-area of physical ability according to young children's gender, boys show is the higher level of perceived self-competence than girls. Third, For boys, the lower housekeeping, the higher leisure activity, living guidance, and study guidance in sub-areas of the degree of father's participation in young children's education and fosterage influenced young children's perceived self-competence(recognition ability, physical ability, social ability, general self-value) For girls, the higher living guidance in sub-areas of the degree of father's participation in young children's education and fosterage influenced young children's perceived self-competence(recognition ability, physical ability, social ability, general self-value).

김치 젖산균을 이용한 당근발효음료 개발 및 분석

조순자 계명대학교 대학원 2007 국내석사

본 연구에서는 당근 생즙을 이용한 점질물 생성이 우수한 김치 젖산균으로부터 얻어진 발효물의 개발 및 이들에 대한 물리·화학적 성질 및 저장성을 평가하였으며, 특히 점질물 생산의 최적화에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 발효음료에서 효율적인 점질물 생성을 위하여 김치의 숙성균으로 알려진 Leuconostoc sp.인 Leuc. citreum S5와 당근에서 분리한 Leuc. mesenteroides SM 균주를 각각 2%씩 접종하였다. 배양온도 25℃에서 sucrose 15%를 첨가한 배지를 24시간 동안 정치 배양하였을 때 S5 균주에서는 pH 3.9, 산도 0.8%, 생균수 3.5×10^(9) cfu/mL, 점조도 3.3 Pa·sn을 나타냈고, SM 균주에서는 pH 3.8, 적정산도 0.9%, 생균수 2.42×10^(9) cfu/mL, 점조도 3.5 Pa·sn로 두 균주는 유사한 것으로 나타났으며, 발효 24시간에 두 균주 모두 100%의 설탕 전환율을 나타내었다. 25 ℃에서 24시간 동안 발효한 후 4 ℃에서 4주 동안 저장성을 분석한 결과 저장 4주에서도 S5 균주는 pH 3.8, 산도 1.08%, SM 균주는 pH 3.8, 산도 1.27%로 pH는 안정하였으나 산도는 증가하였다. 점조도는 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 생균수에서는 2주까지 완만하게 감소하면서 맛, 색상, 점조도, 생균수에 많은 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. β-Carotene 함량은 발효 전에는 283 μg/mL이던 것이 발효 24 시간 후 에는 S5균주 92 μg/mL, SM 균주 72 μg/mL로 감소하였고 그 이후에는 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 관능검사 결과 S5 균주에서는 색상의 선호도가 좋았고, SM 균주에서는 향과 맛 뿐 만아니라 조직감에서도 선호도가 높았다. 본 실험의 연구 수행결과 S5, SM 균주를 이용하여 당근 주스를 설탕을 탄소원으로 사용하여 젖산발효시킴으로써 높은 점조성과 맛, 풍미, 물성이 개선된 발효 당근주스를 제조할 수 있었다. In this study, the viscous fermented carrot beverage was obtained from the carrot juice using lactic acid bacteria that is outstanding for the mucilage production. The physicochemical and storage properties of fermented carrot beverages (FCB) have been determined and the optimization of mucilage production has been undertaken. In order to produce effectively the mucilage from the fermented carrot beverage, Leuc. citreum S5 and Leuc. mesenteroides SM isolated from Kimchi and raw carrot respectively were inoculated with 2% level and the lactic acid fermentation was performed at 25℃ for 24 hours in the sucrose concentration of 15%. The FCB from the S5 strain showed pH 3.9, acidity of 0.8%, viable cell counts of 3.5 × 10^(9) cfu/mL, and consistency index of 3.3 Pa·sⁿ. The FCB from the SM showed pH 3.8, acidity of 0.9%, viable cell counts of 2.42 × 10^(9) cfu/mL, and consistency index of 3.5 Pa·sⁿ. The FCB from both strain showed the sugar conversion yield of 100% after fermentation for 24 h. After cold storage during 4 weeks, FCB from the S5 strain showed the pH 3.8 and acidity of 1.08%, FCB from the SM strain indicated the pH 3.8 and acidity of 1.27%, showing relatively constant value in pH and increase in acidity. The consistency index and viable cell counts were slightly reduced for two weeks. The β-carotene content in FCB was drastically decreased by fermentation for 24 h, indicating the content of 92 μg/mL (FCB from the S5) and 72 μg/mL (FCB from the SM) from 283 μg/mL before fermentation. The FCB from the S5 strain obtained the good score in the color preference with sour and sweet taste, the FBC from the LM strain showed the high score in flavor, taste and texture. As a result of this research, in the presence of sugar as the carbon source, the S5 and SM strains were able to produce the fermented carrot beverage that improved in the consistency, flavor, taste and texture properties.

청자합(盒) 제작에 관한 연구

조순자 단국대학교 대학원 2012 국내석사

우리 도자문화의 역사 속에서 실용적인 그릇의 개념으로 사용 되어져 왔던 盒은 기술적인 측면과 예술적인 측면에서 가장 우수한 기능성을 갖춘 용기라 말할 수 있다. 선사시대 이후부터 지속적으로 제작되어 왔던 합은 곡식 저장의 기능과 부장용품인 사리합, 약을 담는 약합, 밥을 담는 반합, 향을 담는 향합, 반찬을 담는 찬합, 화장용품을 담는 화장합 등 보관의 기능을 위해 뚜껑과 함께 일체를 이루는 도구이다. 또한 뚜껑과 몸체의 비례를 통해 아름다움을 표현할 수 있는 盒은 뚜껑과 맞물려 일체감이 요구되는 제작 시 고도의 기술이 필요로 하는 예술품으로 우리나라 도자 역사 속에서 시대별로 다양하게 만들어진 盒을 볼 수 있었다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 고려시대 전통적인 盒의 형식을 현대생활문화에 어울릴 수 있는 디자인으로 형태와 문양을 재해석하여 연구하였다. 盒에 표현된 문양의 소재는 자연과 함께 했던 아름다운 꽃을 소재로 하여 야생화의 이미지를 자유분방한 필치로 디자인하였으며, 장식기법으로는 고려청자에 나타나는 장식기법과 청자의 음각, 선각기법을 연구하였다. 현대적 느낌이 나타나도록 자연에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 들꽃들을 추상적으로 표현하였고 속도감을 나타내며 전통적인 문양의 패턴에서 벗어나도록 하였다. 합의 형태는 물레성형에서 나타나는 둥글고 납작한 형태로 하여 주변 공간 속에 잘 어울 릴 수 있도록 하였다. 본 도자 합 연구를 통해 현대생활 공간속에서 기능성과 장식성을 갖춘 공예품으로서 활용되어지기를 바라며, 우리의 주변을 꾸미고 삶의 여유를 갖게 할 수 있는 도자기가 일상생활 속에서 지속적으로 활용되어지기를 기대한다.

드라마를 통한 초등학생의 영어능력 향상 연구

조순자 韓南大學校 社會文化大學院 2005 국내석사

The purpose of this paper aims that drama activities provide the children with opportunities to practice creative and realistic English and to encourage them to cope with the real situations outside the class. Lately, Aims of English education in elementary school to develop communicative competence are on the rise and also the greatest interests. It is desirable to bring in the teaching method which is applicable to our real situations which children have interests in to improve children's communicative competence. The results of this study are summrized as follows: First, children can develop listening and speaking competence while they go through the process of repetition as if they have conversations in their real life. Second, children can speak clear pronunciations as their teacher correct if there is something wrong in the way they pronounce while they practice the dialogues Third, learning English through drama activities bring the effect with children can have motivation in learning and positive attitude in class. Fourth, children can have self-confidence and achivement while they are practicing the activities repeatedly. Fifth, students become closer with one another while they interact in class activities and prepare for drama and they show the cooperation in the process of practicing. Sixth, Drama activities are able to bring children much interests and to develop the creativities inside. In conclusion, I propose to use drama activities in learning English in class because it surely is effective and useful way in korean settings nationwide. No matter how the above results bring the effects to Egnlish education through drama activities, we need to consider some matters. Hereby I make several proposals. To find solutions, there should be the methods of assessments to measure progress in English educatin and made the most of a multi-media to deal with a great number of students in size of class in concrete and positive ways. Children should be provided opportunities to learn English efffectively by qualified teachers who are well-trained in teaching a good English. And it could be considered to put not only exotic fairy tales but also our folk tales into English education and to report our splendid culture and emotion to all over the world.

자세조절운동 프로그램 적합화가 뇌성마비 아동의 체간근 조절 능력과 큰 운동 기능에 미치는 영향

조순자 단국대학교 2006 국내박사

이 연구에서는 뇌성마비 아동의 교육적 활동을 촉진시킬 수 있는 자세조절운동 프로그램을 적합화하고, 이러한 운동 프로그램이 뇌성마비 아동의 체간 조절 능력과 큰 운동 기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 뇌성마비 아동 19명을 대상으로 체간근육 활동량을 수집 · 분석하고, 큰 운동 기능을 측정 · 분석하여 뇌성마비 아동 유형별로 자세조절운동 프로그램을 적합화 하였다. 자세조절운동 프로그램은 정상성장 발달단계를 기초로 기기, 앉기, 무릎서기, 서기로 구성하였으며, 구체적인 활동 내용은 운동기능을 4단계 수준별로 뇌성마비 아동별 특성에 적합하게 구성하였다. 연구 대상은 뇌성마비 아동 19명 중 8명을 재선정 하였으며, 자세조절운동 프로그램을 4주간 주 3회, 회기 당 40분으로 총 12회를 적용한 후, 표면근전도와 큰 운동 기능 평가 척도 그리고 수정된 자세조절 능력 평가 검목표를 사용하여 효과를 알아보았다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자세조절운동 프로그램 적합화는 뇌성마비 아동의 체간근육활동량에 변화를 주었다. 실험대상 8명의 자세조절운동 프로그램 적용 전과 후의 앉기자세와 서기자세에서의 체간근육(8개 근육) 활동량은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 앉기자세에서 보다 서기자세에서의 변화량이 크게 나타났다. 둘째, 자세조절운동 프로그램 적합화는 뇌성마비 유형별 모두에서 체간근육 활동량에 변화가 있었다. 특히, 앉기자세에서 보다 서기자세에서의 변화량이 크게 나타났다. 따라서 서기자세에서 체간근육의 움직임이 많은 것을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 자세조절운동 프로그램 적합화는 뇌성마비 아동의 큰 운동 기능에 변화를 주었다. 실험대상 8명의 자세조절운동 프로그램 적용 전과 후의 큰 운동 기능의 변화량은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 유형별 모두에서 큰 운동 기능에 변화가 있었다. 넷째, 자세조절운동 프로그램 적합화는 뇌성마비 아동의 학습과 관련된 활동인 자세조절 능력에 변화를 주었다. 실험대상 8명의 자세조절운동 프로그램 적용 전과 후의 자세조절 능력의 변화량은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 유형별 모두에서 자세조절 능력에 변화가 있었다. 이러한 결과를 종합해보면, 자세조절운동 프로그램의 적합화는 뇌성마비 아동의 체간근육 활동에 도움을 주었다. 특히, 앉기자세에서 보다 서기자세를 만들고 유지하는 것이 체간근육 활동 촉진에 도움이 되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 큰 운동 기능에서의 자세 변화 능력을 향상시켰으며, 학습과 관련된 활동에서의 자세조절 능력에 변화를 주었다. 그러므로 자세조절운동 프로그램의 적합화는 뇌성마비 아동에게 효과적인 것을 알 수 있다. 뇌성마비 아동의 체간 조절 능력 결여로 인한 자세의 불안정은 학습과 관련된 활동에 참여하기 어려운 문제를 야기하고 있다. 따라서 뇌성마비 아동의 학습 활동에서는 자세가 중요하다. 이를 위해서는 아동의 기초 조사를 통하여 아동의 특성에 맞는 프로그램을 개발․적용하는 운동프로그램의 적합화가 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었고 이러한 자세조절운동 프로그램을 지속적으로 적용하는 것이 원활한 학습 관련 활동을 촉진시킬 수 있겠다. In this research, the appropriateness of the postural control exercise program that can expedite the educational activity for the cerebral palsy children was developed and accommodated. In addition, the effects of this exercise on trunk muscle control and gross motor function was analyzed and verified. In order to do this study, 19 cerebral palsy children’s trunk muscle activity data was collected and analyzed, the volume of gross motor function was measured, and eventually the appropriateness of the postural control exercise program was developed and accommodated. The appropriateness of the postural control exercise program was composed of crawling, sitting, kneeing, and standing on foot. This exercise was modeled after normal baby’s natural growth steps and was specifically designed for the cerebral palsy children. For more efficient test results, 8 children were reselected from the group of 19 original selections. This appropriateness of the postural control exercise program was applied for 4 weeks, 3 times a week, for 40 minutes in each session. Total 12 sessions were attempted in this thesis. At the end of the program, the gross motor function exercise, SEMG and the revised postural control ability were evaluated after collecting the data. The results are as follows: First, the appropriateness of the postural control exercise program enhanced the trunk muscle activity of the 8 children with cerebral palsy. Trunk muscles activity was compared statistically before and after the application of the program using sitting and standing activity, and this comparison showed us that there was considerable change at the end of the program. Standing activity showed greater improvement than sitting activity. Second, this program enabled variety of cerebral palsy children’s trunk muscle to move actively. This phenomenon occurred especially more in standing rather than in sitting. Therefore, we are able to conclude that trunk muscle movement is more actively in standing exercise than sitting exercise. Third, the program allowed a positive change in cerebral palsy children’s gross motor function. There was also great improvement after the application of the program in gross motor activity, which showed a significant change. This improvement appeared in three categories of gross motor activity on all types of cerebral palsy children. Fourth, the program affected cerebral palsy children’s postural control activity which is related to their educational activity. There was great difference between before and after the application of the program in postural control activity. Furthermore, this improvement appeared on all types of cerebral palsy children. Considering all the results shown above, we can conclude that the appropriateness of the postural control exercise program helps cerebral palsy children’s trunk muscle activity. Standing posture is especially better than sitting posture in expediting trunk muscle activity. Additionally, it improved postural change ability in gross motor function as well as postural control related to educational activity. Consequently, the appropriateness of the postural control exercise program is very effective for cerebral palsy children. The unstable posture resulted from lack of the ability of cerebral palsy children’s trunk muscle activity prohibits them from participating in educational activity. Therefore, the posture is very important when it comes to cerebral palsy children’s proper educational involvement. As a result, it is necessary to develop an adequate exercise program for cerebral palsy children by doing basic research for each children. Continuing to apply this kind of postural control exercise for them will expedite the educational activity efficiently.

물벼룩(Daphnia magna)을 이용한 살충제의 급성 및 만성독성에 관한 연구

조순자 부산대학교 환경대학원 1999 국내석사

The bioassays were conducted with several pesticides to determine their relative toxicities by Daphnia magna in a laboratory. The culture were conditioned that the test temperature was between 18 and 22℃, the light-dark cycle was 16th-light/8th-darkness. For acute tests(acute immobilization test), they were investigated for the inhibition of their mobilization after 48hrs without food additions. And the EC_(50) of each material was assessed by probit analysis. For chronic tests(reproductive impairment test), the state of the their reproduction was investigated for 21 days with food additions and exchanges of water every 48hrs. And the NOEC of each material was accepted by t-test. 1. The 48h-EC_(50) values of acute immobilization to D. magna were aldrin 34㎍/ℓ, carbary1 0.31㎍/ℓ, diazinon 1.0㎍/ℓ, endosulfan sulfate 150㎍/ℓ, EPN 0.15㎍/ℓ, malathion 0.95㎍/ℓ, ethy1-parathion 0.37㎍/ℓ. 2. The NOEC values accepted by 21days culture were diazinon 0.05㎍/ℓ, endosulfan sulfate 3.2㎍/ℓ, EPN 0.005㎍/ℓ, malathion 0.004㎍/ℓ, ethy1-parathion 0.002㎍/ℓ. But NOEC of aldrin and carbary1 were not determined by this study. 3. According to acute immobilization test, EPN was the highest acute toxicity of insecticides used in this study. And they were carbary1, malathion, ethy1-parathion, diazinon, aldrin, endosulfan sulfate in order of acute toxicity. In the case of chronic test, ethy1-parathion was the highest chronic toxicity of insecticides used in this study. The rest of them were malathion, EPN, diazinon, endosulfan sulfate in the order of chronic toxicity. But aldrin and carbary1 were out of the concentration range established from acute toxicity test.

불우이웃돕기활동을 통한 유아의 친사회적 행동의 변화

조순자 중앙대학교 교육대학원 2005 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 불우이웃돕기 활동이 유아의 친사회적 행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 효과를 검증 하는 데에 있다. 이러한 목적을 기초로 연구문제는 불우이웃돕기활동 유무에 따라 첫째, 유아의 친사회적 행동의 차이가 있는지, 둘째 유아들의 반응에 어떤 변화가 있는지 알아보는 것으로 설정했다. 연구대상은 서울시 서대문구 H사립 유치원 만5세 유아들의 실험집단(남 : 16, 여 : 17명)과 같은 구에 위치한 S사립 유치원 만 5세유아의 비교집단(남 : 16명, 여 : 17명)으로 구성하여 총 66명이다. 본 연구에서 사용한 도구는 McGinnis와 Goldstein(1990)의 ‘Skill Situation Measures’를 이원영, 박찬옥, 노영희(1993)가 번안, 발췌, 수정하여 「유아의 친사회적 행동 검사도구」로 제작한 것을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 실험처치인 불우이웃돕기 수업활동은 매주 1회씩 총 8회 실시하였고, 이때 실험집단 유아들은 전원 참여하였다. 이때 비교집단유아들은 아무처치도 없이 주제중심의 활동을 진행하였다. 실험의 효과를 알아보기 위해 각각의 유아들에 대해 사전 검사와 사후 검사를 실시하였고 수집된 자료들은 t-test를 하였다. 유아들의 반응을 알아보기 위해서는 친사회적 행동반응범주를 기초로 하여 분석하였으며 불우이웃돕기활동의 모든 과정은 기록되었다. 연구방법과 절차에 따라 연구문제를 검증한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 불우이웃돕기 활동을 실시한 실험집단 유아들이 비교집단 유아들에 비하여 친사회적 행동능력(개인정서 조절 능력, 대인관계 형성능력, 학교적응능력)이 의의 있게 향상되었다. 이는 불우이웃돕기 활동이 자기중심에서 벗어나 다른 사람의 입장을 이해하고 도아주려는 이타적인 행동을 보여줌으로써 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤음을 보여준다. 2) 불우이웃돕기 활동과정에서 유아들의 반응이 긍정적인 변화를 보였다. 실험 처치를 실시하는 동안 유아의 반응은 회를 거듭 할수록 문제 상황의 이해 및 타인의 감정과 입장을 배려하고 유익하게 해주는 자발적인 행동이 나타났다. 이는 불우이웃에 대한 인식과 불우이웃에 대한 실천적인 태도 변화가 효과적으로 향상되었음을 입중 해 준다.

생물학적 질소제거에 있어 질산화 미생물 군집분석 및 호기성 탈질균의 특성

조순자 부산대학교 2006 국내박사

The purpose of this research is focused on largely two themes. One is to analyze their community of chemolithotrophic nitrifiers in an activated sludge and the samples obtained from nitrified reactors. Two molecular techniques, hybridization and PCR-based method, were applied to this study. The other is to overcome several disadvantages of classical aerobic nitrifiers and anaerobic denitrifiers in the biological nitrogen removal by means of denitrification. 1. In order to know the occupied ratio of nitrifiers to eubacteria within the activated sludge, we performed the fluorescene in situ hybridization (FISH) technique using the specific-targeting oligonucleotide probes modified with fluorescent dye. As the result of the FISH experiments, the ratio of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria to the total eubacteria was determined to be 7.0~9.8% and 3.3~6.2%, respectively. 2. To investigate the difference of bacterial communities making up the sludge in reactors that were induced nitrification under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, we carried out PCR-DGGE with extracted DNA from the sludge in the reactors. The result showed that the number of microorganisms composing the communities in the reactors was decreased, and that the number of the bacterial species in the reactors was diminished by cultivation with limited nutrient compounds. We also found that Nitrospira sp. was tolerant to variation in oxygen concentration as judged by the result that the strain was detected in aerobic and anoxic reactors. However, we failed to identify the bacterial communities of two reactors because most of their closest strains identified through the blast search at NCBI are unidentified or unclutured strains. 3. To improve to understand aerobic denitrification, we isolated aerobic denitrifiers from a sludge and examined their activities of denitrification under aerobic conditions. The two isolated aerobic denitrifiers in this study were named Pseudomonas sp. DN-9 and Stenotrophomonas sp. DN-25, respectively, on the basis of morphological, biochemical characteristics and partial 16S rRNA sequences. On the basis of the observation that the nitrate concentration was decreased in the culture medium, we assumed that both strains appeared to have denitrification activities under aerobic conditions, although the activities observed for them were weaker than those of Pseudomonas stutzeri and Paracoccus denitrificans, the well-known aerobic denitrifiers. 4. In order to what happens when hao gene originated from autotrophic nitrifiers, Nitrosomonas europhaea, is expressed in denitrifiers, we transferd the hao gene to several denitrifiers such as Pa. denitrificans, P. stutzeri, P. putida, the isolated strains Pseudomonas sp. DN-9 and Stenotrophomonas sp. DN-25. As the results of gene transfer, the growth rates of P. stutzeri and Stenotrophomonas sp. DN-25 were decreased, whereas that of was increased. No change in the growth rate was observed in Pa. denitrificans, P. putida and E. coli.