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      • 철도차량에서 방사되는 음향파워 추정

        이영엽 서울과학기술대학교 철도전문대학원 2011 국내박사

        RANK : 247631

        Sound power is one of the most important elements to predict and evaluate the noise emitted from the noise sources. But it has been used developing the indirect method to calculate the sound power by using the sound pressure levels measured by lots of researchers because it is impossible to measure the sound power directly during the running of rolling stock. This method, however, is not considered the emission characteristics for each type of noise sources so, it should calculated the sound power considering the emission characteristics for each type of noise sources in order to calculate the precise value of the sound power emitted from the noise sources. This thesis measured the running noise of EMU, Mugunghwa, KTX trains operating domestically, selected the propulsion noise and rolling noise among the main noises in the whole noises emitted from rolling stocks, suggested the way to assume the sound power reflecting the emission characteristics and modelling suitable for each rolling stock characteristics, checked out the validity through the comparison of the assumption method, and concluded the following results next below. Rolling noise depending on the contact between wheel and rail modeling as the form of point source listed continuously noise source for rolling stock and the propulsion noise depending on the propulsion equipment such as engines & motors are separated and then we suggested the way to assume the sound power about each type of noise source considering the emission characteristics for each noise source. As a result of the calculation of the sound power about the domestic rolling stocks using the assumption method of sound power suggested by this study, we figured it out that the sound power was ranked by Mugunghwa, EMU, KTX in sequence in the range of the same speed. The reason why was the sound power of diesel engine was bigger than electric propulsion equipment like motor block and the rolling stock structure & design difference just like the main cause of the rolling noise such as the number of bogies and difference of suspension was analyzed. As a result of the sound power, Mugunghwa train has big propulsion noise emitted from diesel engine compared to rolling noise, KTX train has the big propulsion noise since the sound power of motor block compared with diesel engine is low relatively and has a number of noise sources of propulsion. We checked it out that the sound power considering the moving effect of noise sources while high speed rolling stock like KTX was running at the rate of 300km/h should be calculated and then the results are united. Using the noise measurement of domestic rolling stocks & analysis result, this study showed the validity of the assumption method of the sound power showing the identical result after reviewing the calculation method of sound power according to the assumption method of the sound power suggested and foreign experience. 음향파워는 소음원으로부터 방사되는 소음의 예측 및 평가를 위한 가장 중요한 요소 중에 하나이다. 그러나 철도차량이 주행할 때 음향파워를 직접 측정하는 것은 불가능하기 때문에 많은 연구자가 측정된 음압레벨을 이용해서 음향파워를 계산하는 간접적인 방법을 개발하여 사용하였다. 그러나 이 방법은 소음원별 방사특성이 고려되지 않은 것으로 음원으로부터 방사되는 음향파워의 정확한 값을 계산하기 위해서는 소음원별 방사특성을 고려하여 음향파워를 계산하여야 한다. 이 논문은 국내에서 운행하고 있는 전기동차(EMU), 무궁화열차, KTX열차의 주행소음을 측정하고, 철도차량에서 방사되는 소음원 중 주소음원을 동력소음과 전동소음으로 선정하고 각각의 차량특성에 맞는 모델링과 방사특성을 반영하여 음향파워를 추정하는 방법을 제안하고 추정방법에 대한 비교를 통해 타당성을 확인하였으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 철도차량을 음원이 연속적으로 나열되어있는 점음원 형태로 모델링하여 차륜과 레일의 접촉에 의한 전동소음과 엔진 및 모터 등 동력장치에 의한 동력소음으로 분리하고 소음원별 방사특성을 고려하여 각각의 소음원에 대한 음향파워를 추정하는 방법을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 음향파워 추정방법을 이용하여 국내 철도차량에 대한 음향파워를 계산한 결과 동일한 속도영역에서는 무궁화열차, 전기동차, KTX열차 순으로 음향파워가 작은 것을 알 수 있었다. 그 이유는 디젤엔진이 모터블럭 등 전기동력장치보다 음향파워가 크고 전동소음의 주 소음원인 대차의 수와 현가장치의 차이 등 차량구조 및 설계 차이에 인한 것으로 분석 되었다. 음향파워를 분석한 결과, 무궁화열차는 전동소음에 비해서 디젤엔진에서 방사되는 동력소음의 기여도가 크게 나타나고 있으며, KTX열차는 동력소음에 비해서 전동소음의 기여도가 크게 나타난 것은 디젤엔진에 비해 모터블럭 등 전기동력장치의 음향파워가 상대적으로 작고 차륜과 레일의 접촉에 의한 전동소음의 소음원 개수가 많기 때문인 것으로 분석되었다. KTX와 같은 고속열차가 300㎞/h 이상으로 주행할 때에는 소음원의 이동 효과를 고려하여 음향파워를 계산하여야 측정결과와 일치되는 것을 확인하였다. 국내 철도차량의 소음 측정 및 분석결과를 이용하여 본 연구에서 제시한 음향파워의 추정방법과 국외의 경험에 의한 음향파워 계산방법을 비교 검토한 결과 거의 동일한 결과를 나타내어 본 음향파워 추정방법의 타당성을 확인하였다.

      • 장애인 주간보호서비스 활성화에 관한 연구 : 보호자의 만족도 조사를 중심으로

        이영엽 조선대학교 정책대학원 2004 국내석사

        RANK : 247631

        The research aims to review current practice of day care service for the disabled, to note the necessity and related matters about it and to estimate the satisfaction with it felt by guardians of the disabled, which will help find ways of improving it. To estimate the satisfaction with the service, the research peformed a t-test and a One-Way ANOVA analysis on 350 guardians of the disabled who have received the day care service. The research also consulted preceding studies to find out the current situation. The result of the analyses is as follow: Above all, the service for now was far from the specialization that the guardians and their proteges want, part of which can be attributed to the lack of specialists including a social welfare worker besides the current 3 personnel. Therefore, to improve the quality of daytime care service, the number of staffs needs to be supplemented, the reeducation of staffs which will make them more competent needs to be specified in the operation procedure, the number limit needs to be. reduced and more professional manpower needs to be added by ways such as solidifying the ties with medical care institutions. Since it is difficult for the programs which are implemented regardless of the age, type and extent of disability to meet the peculiarities of disability of all types, it is required to either pursue specialization of service for each type of disability, or implement different programs for each type and extent of disability in case the services are anyway given to the disabled of all types. In relation to the PR of day care services for the disabled, a comprehensive network which will provide guardians with plentiful information related to disability is not available for now Such deficiency of social support network makes it more difficult for the disabled and their guardians to have access to their necessary resources by causing their isolation from various support from their society. So, providing the guardians with sufficient information on day care services for the disabled can be a good approach to further their satisfaction with the service, and more active PR efforts are necessary. It could turn out to be quite effective if they mobilized civil organizations in the efforts. Other problems that day care institutions for the disabled were facing in their operation and service included the shortage of programs, professionals, budgets, facilities and spaces and the lack of volunteer workers. It turned out that recruiting professionals who could handle the diversity of disability, expanding fiscal support through more governmental subsidies, establishing the management system for volunteer workers and the supplementation of facilities for therapy and physical training and vehicles were also crucial steps to improve day care services for the disabled. Then the research outlined the result of the analysis on the service satisfaction felt by the guardians and presented the practical implication on the basis. The result showed that among the general features of the guardians, their age, education and income were found to make difference in their satisfaction, while among the general features for the part of the disabled, their disability type, the degree of their disability and education made difference in their satisfaction. Especially, since it was found that the types of disability, the degree of their disability and education made significant difference in the guardians' satisfaction in relation to the staffs, the hosting facilities need to secure the professionalism of the staffs which is the human aspect of the service. Also, since the guardians think that developing and exercising new programs are needed most to improve the facilities and since the role of programs for the disabled seems crucial, more specialized professional services will have to be provided. In addition, the guardians' demand for daycare service for the disabled was huge, and the reason for the high demand was to lead more leisurely lives. Most of them became the customer of the service by their actual visit to the facilities. Few people got to know the service through mass media or the PR campaign by the facility itself. The study found that, as the disabled received services from the facilities, their health and their relations with other people improved and the family stress was alleviated. Therefore, the service should be qualitatively improved so that it can adequately satisfy the desire of the guardians, and also the intervention to improve the guardians' psychological and mental health and other necessary services should be provided. Moreover, the demand for Daycare service for the disabled will sharply increase in the future. Accordingly, some preparations for the increase will become necessary. Thus, the research presented the practical implications such as improving the environment for the disabled in accordance with their education, extent and type of disability, securing staff specialty, developing various programs, enhancing the family liaison, active PR strategies and their management, supporting the education for rehabilitation, recruiting and training professionals, expanding fiscal support through increased governmental subsidies, establishing the management system for volunteer workers and the supplementation of facilities for therapy and physical training and other purposes and vehicles, intervening to improve mental health of the guardians and providing sufficient information on day care services.

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