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      • 고강도 중공철근을 적용한 현장타설식 콘크리트 도상슬래브의 구조성능 규명

        유완상 안동대학교 일반대학원 2021 국내박사

        RANK : 248639

        In this study, theoretical analysis, structural design, fabrication and performance testing of real-scale specimens, and three-dimensional finite element analysis were performed on in-site track concrete slabs by applying 19mm diameter high-stregth hollow rebars. A longitudinal (1.9m) and transverse (0.7m) specimens were prepared for the existing TCL layers for the in-site concrete slabs for railway bridges, and a real-scale slab test was constructed for the improved reinforcement. The monotonic and cyclic tests were performed for the longitudinal and transverse specimens. The test results of the solid and hollow rebars were compared by measuring the final displacement, maximum load and final load, and the crack width of each load stage from the caustic test. Finally, a three-dimensional finite element detailed analysis was conducted and compared with the full-scale test results. The results of the longitudinal monotonic test represented that the ultimate load of the hollow rebar application was 98.6% compared to the solid rebar, and the final load was 88.0%. Although it is somewhat smaller than the solid rebar test specimen, it showed excellent structural performance due to significantly exceeding the allowable load. Therefore, in terms of structural performance, it is judged that the hollow reinforcement has satisfactory performance compared to the existing solid reinforcement. The result of the transvese test showed that the ultimate load of the hollow rebar application test was 87.8% compared to the solid rebar. From the results of the experiment, it can be concluded that the field-built concrete slab will not have a problem with structural performance even if hollow rebars are applied instead of 16mm and 19mm diameter solid rebars. As a result of 3-million repetitive long-term fatigue tests, the maximum and minimum displacement difference of the load-cell due to repeated load was within 1.0mm, and the load-cell load was not significant within 10kN. In addition, no cracks occurred in the test specimen after the fatigue test. Therefore, the track concrete slabs with hollow rebars are sufficiently satisfied with the long-term fatigue performance. The finite element three-dimensional simulations were compared and verified, and the maximum load value, overall crack shape, crack size, and load-displacement curve were well matched with the test results. Furthermore, numerical analysis results on the case of partial reduction in rebar volume through improved hollow reinforcement on the slab bottom show that there is no problem with structural performance. Therefore, future simulation variable studies believe that a streamlined design of hollow reinforcement applied track concrete slabs will be possible through optimization variable interpretation before performing high-cost real-world structural performance experiments. In addition to in-site concrete slabs and pre-cast slabs are currently uneconomical due to excessive reinforcement, so it is expected to develop more economical products than existing pre-cast slabs by applying high-strength hollow reinforcement.

      • 중소기업 산업용 로봇 관련 작업자 안전관리 실태조사를 통한 개선방안 연구

        유완상 한국기술교육대학교 IT융합과학경영산업대학원 2024 국내석사

        RANK : 248639

        According to the 2022 Industrial Robot Summary Report prepared by the International Federation of Robotics, the number of industrial robots has grown at a record 31% since the onset of COVID-19, and the number of newly deployed industrial robots is increasing. The proportion of industrial robot usage seems to be constantly increasing as 74% are located in Asia. The increasing use of such industrial robots has contributed a lot to reducing health problems among workers and is a great help in increasing productivity with fast and accurate work. However, serious accidents caused by industrial robots continue to occur, and in the four years from 2018 to 2021, 159 of the 745 deaths in manufacturing were caused by general power machinery and industrial robots. In addition, when comparing the number of work days lost due to industrial robots in the manufacturing industry and those due to industrial robots, it was confirmed that the number of work days lost due to industrial robots is more than twice as large as the average number of work days lost in the manufacturing industry. It can be seen that the degree of injury caused by robots when a disaster occurs is extremely large. In this research, we conducted a questionnaire survey on the actual safety management status of industrial robot-related workers, targeting in-house industrial robot-related workers, including those at in-house partner companies, to understand the current safety management status of industrial robot-related workers. and analyzed. The contents of the questionnaire included general matters for workers, matters related to compliance with laws and regulations related to industrial safety and health, matters related to experiences and causes of accidents during work related to industrial robots, and matters to be improved when working with industrial robots. I came up with a plan. Through this research, it was found that 64% of survey respondents had not taken robot-related special education in a survey on the implementation of robot-related special education, and that 31% of survey respondents in a survey regarding improvements to robot-related laws and regulations were found. % answered that special safety education should be strengthened, indicating that implementing special safety education before robot-related work is a very important element in preventing industrial accidents. In addition, in a survey regarding the matters necessary to implement robot-related laws and regulations within companies, 33% of respondents answered that it is necessary to strengthen management's safety awareness and to have a clear work disguise for safety. We concluded that it is necessary to introduce a safety and health management system to express the leadership and will of the top management regarding safety and health management, and to create a safe and healthy workplace through clear business attire regarding safety and health. Finally, in order to prevent industrial accidents occurring at industrial sites, despite the full revision of the Industrial Safety and Health Act, the enforcement of the Act on Penalties for Serious Accidents, and the strengthening of the risk assessment system through the Serious Accident Reduction Roadmap, As of the first half of the year, more than 390 people died due to industrial accidents, and more than 50,000 people were injured in accidents, and serious accidents continue to occur. If companies proactively apply and improve the improvements presented in this study, we hope that a safe workplace will be created where on-site workers can work without worry when working on industrial robots. 국제로봇연맹에서 작성된 2022 산업용로봇 요약 보고서에 따르면 산업 용로봇의 증가 수는 코로나19 발병 이후 31%의 기록적인 성장률을 보였 으며, 신규로 배치된 산업용로봇의 74%가 아시아에 배치 됨에 따라 국내 산업 현장에서 산업용로봇의 사용 비중은 지속적으로 증가할 것으로 보인 다. 이러한 산업용로봇의 사용 증가는 근로자의 건강장애를 감소시키는데 많은 기여를 하고 있으며 신속하고 정확한 작업으로 생산성을 높이는데 큰 도움을 주고 있다. 하지만 산업용로봇에 의한 중대재해는 지속적으로 발생하고 있으며, 2018년~2021년 4년간 제조업 사망자 745명 중 159명이 일반 동력 기계 및 산업용로봇에 의해 사망하였다. 또한 제조업과 산업용로봇에 의한 근로손 실일수를 비교했을 때, 제조업 평균 근로손실일수 대비 산업용로봇에 의 한 근로손실일수가 약 2배 이상 차이 나는 것을 확인할 수 있었음에 따라 산업용로봇에 의해 재해 발생 시 부상 정도가 매우 크다는 것을 알 수 있 다. 본 연구는 사내협력사 포함 사내 산업용로봇 관련 작업자를 대상으로 산업용로봇 관련 작업자의 안전관리 실태에 관한 설문조사를 실시하였으 며, 현재의 산업용로봇 관련 작업자의 안전관리 현황을 파악하고 분석하 였다. 설문 내용은 근로자의 일반적인 사항, 산업안전보건 관계 법령 준수 에 관한 사항, 산업용 로봇 관련 작업 시 사고 경험 및 사고 원인에 관한 사항, 산업용로봇 작업 시 개선사항에 관한 내용으로 설문조사를 실시하 여 개선방안을 도출하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 로봇 관련 특별 교육 실시 유무 설문에서 설문 응답자 의 64%가 로봇 관련 특별 교육을 이수하지 않은 것으로 나타났으며 현재 로봇 관계 법령의 개선사항에 관한 설문에서 설문 응답자의 31%가 특별 안전교육 강화라고 응답한 것을 보아 로봇 관련 작업 전 특별안전교육 실 시가 산업재해 예방에 매우 중요한 요소라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 기 업 내 로봇 관계 법령을 이행하기 위해서 필요한 사항에 관한 설문에서 경영자의 안전의식 강화 및 안전에 대한 명확한 업무 분장이 필요하다는 응답 결과가 각각 33%로 응답한 것으로 보아 안전보건경영에 대한 최고 경영자의 리더십과 의지를 표명하고 안전보건에 관한 명확한 업무 분장을 통한 안전하고 건강한 사업장을 조성할 수 있도록 안전보건경영시스템 도 입이 필요하다는 결론을 지었다. 마지막으로, 산업 현장에서 발생하고 있는 산업 재해를 예방하기 위해 산업안전보건법 전면 개정, 중대재해 처벌 등에 관한 법률 시행, 중대재해 감축 로드맵에 따른 위험성 평가 제도 강화에도 불구하고 2023년 상반기 기준 산업재해로 인한 사고 사망자는 390명 이상 발생했으며, 사고재해자 수는 5만 명 이상 발생했으며, 현재도 끊임없이 중대재해가 발생하고 있 다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 개선사항을 기업에서 적극적으로 적용하여 개 선한다면 현장 근로자가 산업용로봇 관련 작업 시 걱정 없이 일할 수 있 는 안전한 일터가 구현될 것으로 기대한다.

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