수영과 복합운동이 중년여성의 체조성과 혈중지질 및 건강체력에 미치는 효과

신조황 경성대학교 대학원 2003 국내석사

The purpose of this study were to analyze the effects of regular and continuous exercise on body composition, blood lipid and health-related physical fitness in middle-aged women participated in Swimming and Combined exercise, and to present the basic scientific informations for improving the health-related physical fitness and the basic materials of exercise prescription for preventing the obesity. The subjects recruited for this study were 42 middle-aged women composed of 15 swimmers, and 13 combined exercisers who worked out in 12-week exercise programs, and 14 non-exercisers. The subjects were measured in 14 variables influencing body composition, blood lipid and health-related physical fitness. The measurements were conducted for comparing the differences of exercise modalities between these three groups. The statistical techniques utilized in the study were paired t-test and ANOVA, and Duncan test was used in post-hoc analysis. The.05 level was initially established in significance. The findings of this study are as follows; 1. Differences and Changes of Body Composition 1) There were not significant differences In all body composition factors including body weight, body fat, %fat, fat-free mass and lean body mass among three groups before exercise, and after 12-week exercise, body fat and %fat in Swimming and Combined exercise groups were significantly lower than those of Non-exercise group, and body mass index in Combined exercise group was lower than Non-exercise group. While there were not significant differences in body weight and lean body mass among three groups. 2) In the changes of body composition factors among three groups before and after 12-week exercise, body weight, body fat, %fat and body mass index were significantly decreased, but fat-free mass was not changed in Swimming and Combined exercise groups, and body weight and fat-free mass were significantly increased, but body fat, %fat and body mass index were not changed in Non-exercise group after 12-week exercise. 2. Differences and Changes of Blood Lipid 1) There were not significant differences in all blood lipid factors including total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C and LDL-C among three groups before exercise. While after 12-week exercise, total cholesterol, LDL-C and atherogenic index were significantly lower, but HDL-C was increased in Swimming and Combined exercise groups than Non-exercise group, and triglyceride was not different among three groups. 2) In the changes of blood lipid factors among three groups before and after 12-week exercise, total cholesterol, triglyceride and atherogenic index were significantly decreased and HDL-C was increased in Swimming group, and total cholesterol, LDL-C and atherogenic index were decreased, and HDL-C was increased, but triglyceride was not changed in Combined exercise group. While all factors were not significantly changed in Non-exercise group. 3. Differences and Changes of Health-related physical fitness 1) In the differences of health-related physical fitness among three groups before exercise, sit-ups was significantly higher in Combined exercise group than Swimming and Non-exercise groups and sit-and-reach was higher in Swimming group than Non-exercise group, but back muscle strength and 800m run time were not different among three groups. And after 12-week exercise, back muscle strength was higher in Combined exercise group than Swimming and Non-exercise groups, sit-ups and sit-and-reach were higher in Swimming and Combined exercise groups than Non-exercise group, and 800m run time in Swimming group was significantly better than Non-exercise group. 2) In the Changes of health-related physical fitness factors among three groups before and after exercise, back muscle strength, sit-ups and 800m run time were significantly improved, but sit-and-reach was not changed in Swimming and Combined exercise groups, and there were not significant changes in Non-exercise group. In Conclusion, there were significant decreases or increases in all factors except lean body mass of body composition and in the most factors of blood lipid, and in all factors except sit-and-reach of health-related physical fitness in Swimming and Combined exercise groups, but there were not significant changes in all factors in Non-exercise group. These results proved that some factors of body composition, blood lipid and health-related physical fitness can be positively changed through the regular and continuous aerobic exercise in middle-aged women; Additional studies confirming the results of this study are needed. Specific recommendations for future research are as follows; There were very similar effects in Swimming and Combined exercise groups in this study because of practicing the similar aerobic exercises in both groups. Therefore it is necessary to investigate the effects of the different exercise modes such as aerobic and anaerobic exercises, especially resistance exercises for preventing the osteoporosis and improving muscular strength for a long period.

노인의 여가활동참여가 웰니스와 주관적 행복감에 미치는 영향

신조황 경성대학교 2010 국내박사

The purpose of this study to identify the effect of senior citizens' participation in leisure activities on wellness and subjective happiness. This study aims to identify the effect of senior citizens' participation in leisure activities on wellness and subjective happiness. In order to achieve this object, the survey was conducted of 402 senior citizens over the age of sixty living in Busan and using the academy of continuing education, elderly schools and senior welfare centers. It shows following results by analysing the data with SPSS/PC+ 14.0 Version and AMOS 5.0 program. 1) Senior citizens' participation in leisure activities, wellness and subjective happiness in accordance with social demographic characteristics According to social demographic characteristics of participation in leisure activities, older women join sports leisure activities more often. On the other hand, elderly female with high educational background are likely to take part in non-sports leisure activities. Non-working elderly females more actively participate in both sports leisure activities and non-sports activities than working elderly ones Men have more leisure time but spend less time in duration. Elderly men have frequent leisure activities and spend longer time on them. Also, Elderly males who have higher level of education use more time for leisure activities but spend less time in duration. Senior citizens with no spouses and no economic involvement tend to spend more time on leisure activities. They also participate in leisure activities more often if they have enough allowance. In social demographic characteristics on wellness, women have higher intellectual and psychological health but they have lower social and emotional welfare. The older they grow, the higher they maintain physical ability but the lower they have social health. Elderly females possess higher state of social welfare if they have high educational background. Spouseless seniors have higher intellectual welfare but lower social and emotional health than those who have spouses. Working males have higher social health than non-working ones. Also, elderly men with generous money have a higher state of social welfare. According to social demographic characteristics of subjective happiness, seniors feel higher level of subject happiness if they are older, more educated and have more allowance. 2) Senior citizens' participation on leisure activities and wellness Senior citizens' participation on leisure activities have a partly meaningful influence on wellness. The elderly who spend considerable time on enjoying sports leisure activities have higher physical, intellectual, sociological and psychological welfare but seniors who participate in non-sports activities have higher intellectual health but lower physical one. Also, seniors who tend to spend leisure time often have higher intellectual, social and psychological health. The longer they spend time on leisure activities, the more they are physically healthy. However, they have lower social health and higher physical and psychological health if they spend more time on leisure activities. 3) senior citizens' participation in leisure activities and subjective happiness Subjective happiness increases if seniors frequently participate in sports leisure activities longer in duration 4) the wellness of senior citizens and subjective happiness Senior citizens having high physical, sociological and psychological wellness obtain more subjective happiness. 5) senior citizens' participation in leisure activities, wellness and subjective happiness There is interrelative association among senior citizens' participation in leisure activities, wellness and subjective happiness. Seniors who join sports leisure activities are more likely to have healthy physical, social and psychological wellness, which leads to increase subjective happiness. Also, the more frequent users of leisure time have healthy state of physical, social and psychological wellness and feel higher level of subjective happiness. 본 연구는 노인의 여가활동참여가 웰니스와 주관적 행복감에 미치는 영향을 밝히는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 부산광역시에 거주하고 평생교육원, 노인학교, 노인복지회관을 이용하고 있는 만 60세 이상의 노인 402명을 대상으로 설문지 조사를 실시하여 수집된 자료를 SPSS/PC+ 14.0 Version과 AMOS 5.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 노인의 사회인구학적 특성에 따른 여가활동참여, 웰니스, 주관적 행복감에서 사회인구학적 특성에 따른 여가활동참여는 여자가 연령이 높을수록, 스포츠형 여가활동에 학력이 높을수록, 비스포츠형 여가활동에 많이 참가하였고, 경제활동 비참여가 참여 보다 스포츠형과 비스포츠형 여가활동 모두에 많이 참가하였다. 남자는 여가활동 시간이 길었고 여가활동 기간은 짧았고, 연령이 높을수록 여가활동 빈도가 높았고 기간이 길었으며, 학력이 높을수록 여가활동 시간은 길었고 기간이 짧았다. 배우자가 없는 노인과 경제활동 비참여가 여가활동 기간이 길었으며, 용돈이 많을수록 여가활동 시간이 길었다. 사회인구학적 특성에 따른 웰니스는 여자가 지적 건강과 정신적 건강이 높았고 사회적 건강과 정서적 건강이 낮았다. 연령이 높을수록 신체적 건강이 높았고 사회적 건강이 낮았으며, 학력이 높을수록 사회적 건강이 높았다. 배우자가 없는 노인이 배우자가 있는 노인보다 지적 건강이 높았고 사회적 건강과 정서적 건강이 낮았다. 경제활동 참여가 비참여 보다 사회적 건강이 높았으며, 용돈이 많을수록 사회적 건강이 높았다. 사회인구학적 특성에 따라 연령이 많고 학력이 높으며 용돈이 많을수록 주관적 행복감은 높았다. 2) 노인의 여가활동참여와 웰니스에서 여가활동참여는 웰니스에 부분적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 스포츠형 여가활동에 많이 참가할수록 신체적, 지적, 사회적, 정신적 건강이 높았고, 비스포츠형 여가활동에 많이 참가할수록 지적 건강이 높았으나 신체적 건강이 낮았다. 또한, 여가활동 빈도가 높을수록 지적, 사회적, 정신적 건강이 높았고, 여가활동 시간이 길수록 신체적 건강이 높았다. 여가활동 기간은 길수록 신체적 건강과 정신적 건강이 높았으나 사회적 건강이 낮았다. 3) 노인의 여가활동참여와 주관적 행복감에서 부분적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며 스포츠형 여가활동에 많이 참가할수록, 여가활동 빈도가 높았고 시간이 길수록 주관적 행복감이 높았다. 4) 노인의 웰니스와 주관적 행복감에서 부분적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며 신체적, 지적, 사회적, 정신적 건강이 높을수록 주관적 행복감이 높았다. 5) 노인의 여가활동참여와 웰니스 및 주관적 행복감에서 여가활동참여, 웰니스, 주관적 행복감은 인과적 관계가 있었으며 스포츠형 여가활동에 많이 참여할수록 신체적, 사회적, 정신적 건강의 웰니스 지수가 증가되었고, 여가활동 정도가 높을수록 신체적, 정신적, 지적 건강의 웰니스 지수가 높아져 주관적 행복감이 높아졌다.