중국식 사회주의 경제개혁에 관한 연구

서우형 부산대학교 교육대학원 1990 국내석사

Characteristics for nodular hyperplasia of parathyroid glands in patients with chronic renal failure: Calcium-sensing receptor and vitamin D receptor

서우형 고려대학교 대학원 2008 국내박사

Purpose: Most patients with chronic renal failure develop secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). Drug treatment of SHPT caused by chronic renal failure may be available at an early stage of the disease, however it is not so effective for serious patients. Decrease of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) protein expression has recently been demonstrated in parathyroid diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of SHPT in patients with chronic renal disease and to assess the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis in these parathyroid glands. Method and Materials: The author compared 18 diffuse and 57 nodular hyperplastic parathyroid glands from 24 uremic patients on hemodialysis, with 14 primary adenomas, and 33 normal parathyroid glands. Comparisons included expressions of both VDR and CaSR, proliferative activity (Ki67), and apoptosis (TUNEL). Immunoreactivity was semiquantitatively assessed and expressed as labeling index. Results: The labeling indexes of VDR (108 ± 7.0; mean ± s.e.m.) and CaSR (12.8 ± 1.5) in nodular hyperplasia were significantly lower than those in normal gland (593 ± 24 and 26.8 ± 0.8, respectively) (P<0.05, each). However, these expressions remained high in diffuse hyperplasia (325 ± 19 and 23.3 ± 1.8, respectively). Ki67 was expressed significantly more often in primary adenoma (11.1 ± 2.4) and nodular hyperplasia of SHPT (6.3 ± 1.0) than in normal glands (1.2 ± 0.2) (P < 0.05, each). The labeling index of Ki67 prevailed over that of TUNEL. These indices were comparable in normal glands and diffuse hyperplasia. Conclusions: These results suggest that SHPT is associated with the decrease in VDR and CaSR expression. SHPT has also high proliferative potential. These findings provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of parathyroid hyperplasia, which is refractory to medical therapy in patients with severe SHPT.

포용적 리더십이 발언행동에 미치는 영향 :심리적 안정감의 매개효과와 동료 채념적 침묵인지의 조절효과

서우형 국방대학교 국방관리대학원 2018 국내석사

포용적 리더십이 발언행동에 미치는 영향 : 심리적 안전감의 매개효과와 동료 체념적 침묵인지의 조절효과

서우형 국방대학교 2019 국내석사

광 대역, 저 이득 CMOS 전압제어 발진기를 적용한 시그마-델타 분수체배 주파수 합성기의 설계

서우형 국민대학교 2007 국내석사

RF 통신 시스템에서 PLL(Phase locked Loop)기반의 주파수 합성기는 주파수의 상향변환과 하향변환을 담당하는 신호처리의 핵심부품이다. 통신 시장은 채널 자원의 한계로 더욱 좁은 채널 간격을 요구하게 되었고, 이에 따라 넓은 대역폭을 지니면서도 좁은 채널 간격을 형성 하기 위한 Fractional-N방식의 주파수 합성기가 필요하게 되었다. 기술의 발달로 온 칩화 함과 동시에 Tx, Rx단 모두 사용 될 수 있는 VCO(Voltage Controlled Oscillator)는 새로운 연구 대상이 되어왔다. 기존의 switched-capacitors bank LC VCO는 캐패시터의 비에 따라 광 대역 주파수 범위를 나타낼 수 있고 좋은 위상잡음 특성을 지니고 있어 많이 사용되고 있다. 그러나 LC-tank기반의 VCO위상잡음은 spiral 인덕터의 quality factor(Q-factor)에 의존한다. 대부분의 CMOS공정에서 3이상의 높은Q-factor를 얻기는 매우 힘들기 때문에 추가적인 과정이 요구된다. 또한 spiral 인덕터는 보통 200x200 ~ 300x300um2의 많은 칩 면적을 차지함으로써 SoC구현에 많은 어려움이 따른다. 반면에 링 오실레이터는 추가적인 공정없이 쉽게 온 칩화 할 수 있으며 적은 칩 면적을 차지하여 수율의 증가와 소요비용을 줄일 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 적은 VCO의gain을 지니면서도 넓은 주파수 튜닝 범위를 가지는 CMOS VCO를 이용하여 위상잡음 특성이 개선된 Fractional-N주파수 합성기를 제안하였다. 위의 결과들을 해석적인 증명과 함께 시간 및 주파수 영역에서의 Matlab과Verilog-a, Spectre를 이용한 모의 실험을 통하여 그 유용성을 입증하였으며, 표준 CMOS 0.18-㎛ 공정에서 테스트용 칩으로 제작하여 동작 특성을 측정하였다. This paper presents a wide-range, low-gain Fractional-N frequency synthesizer whose RF synthesizer operates from 850MHz to 1.2GHz. In order to achieve wideband frequency range, the CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator(VCO) is proposed. The proposed VCO has dual current paths. One is controlled by free running control box and the other one is controlled by PLL feedback loop operation. The proposed frequency synthesizer which was fabricated using Hynix’ 0.18um CMOS process consumes 50uA charge pump current in the 1.8V supply voltage. In the frequency synthesizer the phase noise of -100dBc/Hz at a 500kHz offset, and peak-to-peak jitter of 124ps have been achieved in Simulink and Spectre simulation. In addition, Area efiiciency is also enhanced compare to frequency synthesizer using LC-tank based VCO.

과거 수술력이 복강경 담낭 절제술에 미치는 영향

서우형 고려대학교 2002 국내석사

ROK-Japan Military Relations : Limits and Prospects

서우형 경희대 평화복지대학원 2012 국내석사

Although South Korea and Japan are alliance partners of US, ROK-Japan military cooperation have been conducted very cautiously, due to consideration of neighboring countries and their own unique national sentiment since the diplomatic normalization in 1965. Korean animosity toward Japan has been a fundamental barrier of promoting ROK-Japan military relations. Thirty-six years of Japanese harsh colonial period in Korea left indelible negative impact on the ROK-Japan relations, and this caused natural worries over military cooperation with Japan. Historical issues such as Japanese history text-book issue and the Dokdo issue amplified such negative views on ROK-Japan military cooperation. As China’s leverage is increasingly growing, China factor has become substantial obstacle for improving ROK-Japan military relations. China may perceive that the enhanced ROK-Japan military cooperation together with the US is aimed at pressure strategy or containing China. This can result in the weakening of ROK-China relations and strengthening North Korea-China relations, consequently exerting unfavorable influence on the process of reunification on Korean peninsula. Japanese domestic limitation stemmed from the Article 9 of the Constitution is also major obstacle for promoting military relations between ROK and Japan, because the government of Japan currently interprets that the Constitution prohibits them from exercising collective defense right. Thus, military cooperation which might involve military activities with ROK poses constitutional debate in Japan. Despite a number of limitations, the ROK-Japan military relations have been gradually promoted. Primary incentive was North Korean threats including military provocations from attempts to assassinate President Park and commando’s infiltration into Uljin in 1968 to the Cheonan warship incident and North Korean artillery shelling on Yeonpyeong Island in 2010. The ROK-Japan military cooperation historically served as a countermeasure and a pressure on North Korea against North Korean military threats. As the role of Japan was changed due to “The New Guidelines for US-Japan Defense Cooperation” which focused on Japanese support in the rear area out of the home island in 1997, it was another incentive for ROK to cooperate with Japan for supports to ROK-US combined capability in Korean contingency. In particular, ROK and Japan carried out the unprecedented bilateral military cooperation such as PSI exercise and discussion for the contract of “General Security of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA)” and “Acquisition and Cross-Serving Agreement (ACSA)” in 2010. It was based on fact that North Korean military provocation in 2010 reflected unstable domestic situation in North Korea, and consequently brought concerns over the nuclear threat and the potential domestic crisis of North Korea. In addition, the relative reduction of US’s leverage and the rise of China might become other factors for motivation to promote ROK-Japan military relations. Japan still has less possibility in becoming a threat to the ROK compared to North Korea and China, and can be a strategic partner with ROK as ally of the US to deal with North Korea issues. Accordingly, Japan is the only country with which the ROK is able to militarily cooperate regarding North Korean threats except for the US. As the transnational and non-military threats including terrorism, piracy and natural disaster are increasing, the possible areas of military cooperation will more expand. ROK-Japan military cooperation regarding the Peace Keeping Operations (PKOs), the protection of Sea Lane of Communication (SLOC) and disaster relief will contribute to their national interests as well as developing peaceful military cooperation with attracting China’s participation. Therefore, according to how to handle ROK-Japan military relations, it will exert an important influence on ROK’s national security. Not unconditional cooperation but a balanced future-oriented approach to ROK-Japan military relations will serve as a role for not only promoting ROK’s national interests, but also establishing peaceful security network in Northeast Asia.

소명의식이 직무소진에 미치는 영향: 윤리적 리더십과 비인격적 감독의 조절효과

서우형 충북대학교 2022 국내박사

사람은 조직에서 많은 시간을 보내며 다양한 인간관계를 형성하며 공동의 목표 달성을 위해 노력한다. 그렇기 때문에 조직에 속한 구성원들은 일을 어떻게 인식하는지에 따라 삶의 만족여부를 결정하게 되는 중요한 요인으로 여겨지고 있다. 국민의 생명과 재산을 보호하는 군인, 특히 직업군인에게도 이러한 일에 대한 인식이 매우 중요하다. 특히, 국방의 의무를 수행하는 병사들을 지휘하는 장교와 부사관은 주요한 의사결정을 수행하는 군의 중추적인 계층이기 때문에 간부 계급을 대상으로 군 복무의 의미를 부여하는 것은 조직 차원에서도 많은 관심을 기울이고 있다. 이러한 의미에서 최근 자신이 하는 일에 대한 태도를 의미하는 소명의식에 대한 학계의 관심이 꾸준히 증가하고 있으며, 특히 조직과 직무 관련 요소에 미치는 긍정적인 효과에만 초점을 맞추어 진행되고 있다. 하지만, 사회과학에서 어느 한 요인이 100% 긍정적 또는 부정적 결과만을 유도한다고 주장하기는 어려우며, 모든 일이 그렇듯이 장점이 있으면 단점이 존재하는 양면적 측면이 존재한다. 이에, 본 연구는 소명의식의 수준에 따라 직무소진에 미치는 영향관계를 분석하고, 이 과정에서 조직의 리더들은 어떠한 역할을 수행하여야 하는지에 대하여 실증분석 하고자 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 첫째, 소명의식이 직무소진에 미치는 비선형적 효과를 검증하는데 있다. 둘째, 소명의식과 직무소진 간의 관계에서 리더의 바람직한 모습을 제시하기 위한 윤리적 리더십의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 셋째, 소명의식이 직무소진에 미치는 비선형적 효과를 오히려 강화시킬 수 있는 비인격적 감독의 조절효과를 확인하고자 한다. 본 연구의 이론적 배경은 자원의 손실과 획득이 직무 관련 요인에 중요한 영향을 미친다는 자원보존이론과 적정 수준 이상의 비타민 섭취는 오히려 정신건강에 부정적 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 비타민 이론에 기초한다. 이러한 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 공군 부대에서 근무 중인 장교와 부사관을 대상으로 설문을 진행하였다. 총 244명의 공군 간부들을 대상으로 설문지를 배부하여 최종적으로 228부의 설문 자료를 분석에 활용하였으며, 연구에서 선정한 측정도구의 타당성과 신뢰성을 검증하고 각 변수 간의 영향 관계를 실증 분석하였다. 연구 결과를 요약하자면 첫째, 소명의식은 직무소진에 U자 형태(U-shaped)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 윤리적 리더십은 소명의식과 직무소진의 U자 형태의 관계를 조절하였다. 구체적으로, 구체적으로 윤리적 리더십이 낮을 때는 소명의식과 직무소진 간의 관계를 강화하였고, 윤리적 리더십이 높을 때는 두 변수 간의 관계를 완화하였다. 셋째, 비인격적 감독 역시 소명의식과 직무소진의 U자 형태의 관계를 조절하는 것으로 검증되었다. 구체적으로, 비인격적 감독이 높을 때는 두 변수 간의 관계를 강화하였고, 비인격적 감독이 낮을 때 역시 소명의식과 직무소진 간의 관계를 강화하는 결과를 나타내었다. 본 연구의 이론적 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기존의 선행연구들과는 달리 과도한 소명의식에 의한 부정적 영향이 존재할 수 있음을 제시하였다. 대다수의 선행연구들은 소명의식이 주로 조직시민행동, 직무성과, 일과 삶에 대한 만족도, 조직몰입 등 긍정적 성격의 요인들에 정(+)적 영향을 미치고, 이직의도, 직무스트레스, 우울감 등 부정적 요인들을 감소시키는 긍정적 영향에 집중하여 진행되었다. 하지만, 본 연구는 소명의식이 긍정적 영향뿐만 아니라 부정적인 영향이 동시에 존재할 수 있음을 통계적으로 증명하였다. 둘째, 직무를 수행하는 구성원 개인의 소명의식이 직무소진에 미치는 영향관계에서 조직 내 환경 및 상사의 역할을 고려하여, 윤리적 리더십과 비인격적 감독이라는 리더십 유형을 조절변수로 고려하여 통계적으로 검증하였다. 실무적인 시사점으로는 첫째, 조직의 관리자 입장에서는 구성원이 자신의 직무와 직업에 대하여 소명의식을 갖고 투철한 사명감과 성실한 자세를 바탕으로 직무를 수행하더라도, 적절한 여건과 환경을 조성해 주어야 할 필요성이 있다. 둘째, 윤리성을 기반으로 한 올바른 조직 내 리더십 문화가 정착되어야 한다. 마지막으로, 조직은 부하에 대한 상사의 비인격적 감독을 미연에 예방하도록 많은 노력을 기울여야 한다. 핵심용어 : 소명의식, 직무소진, 윤리적 리더십, 비인격적 감독, 비선형 효과 People spend a lot of time in organizations, form various human relationships, and strive to achieve common goals. Therefore, it is regarded as an important factor that determines whether or not the members of an organization are satisfied with their life according to how they perceive their work. It is very important for soldiers who protect the lives and property of the people, especially professional soldiers, to be aware of these issues. In particular, since officers and non-commissioned officers who command soldiers performing national defense duties are central to the military making major decisions, giving the meaning of military service to the cadre is paying great attention from the organizational level as well. In this sense, academia's interest in the calling, which refers to the attitude toward one's work, is steadily increasing. Academia's research flow on the calling is focused on only the positive effects on organizational and job-related factors. However, in the social sciences, it is difficult to assert that any one factor induces only 100% positive or negative results, and as with all things, there are two sides to where there are advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, this study analyzes the influence relationship on job-burnout according to the level of vocational consciousness, and tries to empirically analyze what role organizational leaders should play in this process. The purpose of this study is, first, to verify the curvilinear effect of the calling on job-burnout. Second, the moderating effect of ethical leadership to present a desirable image of a leader in the relationship between vocational consciousness and job burnout was verified. Third, the purpose of this study is to confirm the moderating effect of impersonal supervision that can rather strengthen the curvilinear effect of the sense of vocation on job burnout. And the theoretical background of this study is based on the resource conservation theory that the loss and acquisition of resources has an important effect on job-related factors, and the vitamin theory that intake of vitamins above an appropriate level can have a negative effect on mental health. To achieve the purpose of this study, a questionnaire was conducted targeting officers and non-commissioned officers working in air force units. A questionnaire was distributed to a total of 244 Air Force executives, and 228 questionnaires were finally used for analysis. To summarize the study results, first, it was confirmed that the calling had a U-shaped effect on job-burnout. Second, ethical leadership moderated the U-shaped relationship between calling and burnout. Specifically, when ethical leadership was low, the relationship between calling and job-burnout was strengthened, and when ethical leadership was high, the relationship between the two variables was relaxed. Third, abusive supervision was also verified as regulating the U-shaped relationship between calling and job-burnout. Specifically, when abusive supervision was high, the relationship between the two variables was strengthened, and when impersonal supervision was low, the relationship between calling and job-burnout was also strengthened. The theoretical implications of this study are as follows. First, unlike previous studies, it was suggested that there may be negative effects due to excessive calling. Most of the previous studies have shown that the calling has a positive effect on positive factors such as organizational citizenship behavior, job performance, work and life satisfaction, and organizational commitment, and negatively affects such as turnover intention, job stress, and depression. The focus was on the positive impact of reducing factors. However, this study statistically proved that the calling can have both positive and negative effects at the same time. Second, it was statistically verified by considering the leadership types such as ethical leadership and abusive supervision as moderator variables by considering the role of the superior and the environment in the organization in the relationship between individual members' sense of vocation in performing their duties on job-burnout. As a practical implication, first, from an organizational manager's point of view, it is necessary to create an appropriate environment and environment, even if the members carry out their duties based on a strong sense of duty and sincerity with a calling for their duties and occupations. Second, a leadership culture in the right organization based on ethics must be established. Finally, the organization should make great efforts to prevent the abusive supervision of the superior over the subordinates in advance. Key words : Calling, Job-Burnout, Ethical Leadership, Abusive Supervision, Curvilinear Effects

Development of advanced touch materials for window-unified large area touch screen panel

서우형 중앙대학교 대학원 2016 국내석사

최근 smart-phone, tablet, All-in-one PC등 필수 입력장치로 Touch Screen에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다.특히 경량화와 bezel의 slim화, multi-touch에 대한 요구가 커지고 있다.Touch Screen은 동작 방식에 따라 4가지로 나뉘며,그 중에서도 정전용량 방식의 TSP는 저항막 방식에 비해 우수한 내구성과 높은 투과율을 가질 뿐만 아니라 멀티터치가 가능하며 감도 또한 뛰어나 스마트폰을 시작으로 대면적으로 크게 발전하고 있다.그 중에서 Projected Capacitance 방식은 저항막 방식에 비해 높은 투과율과 우수한 내구성, multi-touch가 가능하므로 스마트폰을 시작으로 크게 발전하고 있다.본 논문에서는 Wet-etching 기법을 사용하여 Window- unified large-rea touch screen panel을 개발하였고 다양한 simulation을 통한 pattern design으로 mutual cap 값이 touch에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 연구를 하였다. Roll-to-Roll IPVD 장비를 이용하여 ITO 전극 박막을 진공 증착 하고 Wet-etching 포토 공정을 통해 X,Y축 전극의 전극 패턴을 하였고 X축 전극과 Y축전극 교차부는 OPEN 되는 구조로 패턴을 형성하였다. 전극 교차부 에는 포토 공정으로 Insulator 형성 및 Metal bridge 전극을 형성하여 Touch Screen Panel 을 제조 하였다.IPVD 공정 장비를 이용하여 Touch Screen Panel 용 투명전극개발을 개발하였고 GLASS에 따른 ITO의 Transmittance(85%) 의 변화와 High temperature(200℃)를 가했을 때의 유리 내구성을 알아 보고 Insulator 의 material 인 SIOC(투과율:92%) 에 대한 특성을 연구하였으며 이에 따른 다양한 모양을 구현하였다. Metal material인 Cu를 통하여 다른 metal material 비교를 통해 접착력과 전기적 특성으로 연구하여 최적의 조건으로 bridge와 bezel에 적용시켰다. 마지막으로 ANSYS Q3D를 이이용하여 insulator 크기,개수, island type 과 window type의 비교를 통한 여러 가지 mutual cap값을 최적의 pattern design으로 시뮬레이션 해보았다.이러한 과정을 통해 wet-etching기법으로 제작한 large area touch screen panel은 linearity(0.86mm)와 accuracy(0.83mm) 평가에서 높은 터치 성능을 구현할 수 있었다(Spec 1mm이하). Recently, the researches about the touch screen as the necessary input device for smart-phones, tablets and all-in-one PC(Personal Computer)s have been actively carried out. In particular, there have been more demands for the light weight, the slim orientation of the bezel and the multi-touch function. The touch screen can be divided into four types based on the operation methods. Among them, TSP(Touch Screen Panel) of the capacitive type shows an excellent level of durability and a high transmittance compared to the resistive type. Also, it provides multi-touch functions with a great level of sensitivity. As a result, it has been greatly developed for large-scaled devices such as smart-phones. Among them, the projected capacitance type shows an excellent level of durability, a high transmittance and possible multi-touch functions compared to the resistive type, being widely developed especially for smart-phones. In this paper, the window-unified large-area TSP was developed by using the wet-etching method and the influence of the mutual cap value on the touch was studied with the pattern design. By using the Roll-to-Roll IPVD(Ionized Physical Vapor Deposition) equipment, the ITO(Indium tin oxide) electrode thin film became subject to deposition evaporation. Also, through the wet etching photo-lithography process, the electrode patterns of the X-axis and the Y-axis were looked at. The cross-section of the X-axis electrode and the Y-axis electrode formed the pattern with an open structure. In the cross-section of electrodes, the insulator and the metal bridge electrode were formed with the photolithography in order to produce the touch screen panel. By using the IPVD process device, the clear electrode for the touch screen panel was developed. Also, the change of transmittance for ITO based on the glass and the level of durability for the glass in case of high temperature were studied(Transmittance:85%). The characteristics of SiOC the material of the insulator, were studied with various shapes materialized(Transmittance:92%). Also, through the comparison with the metal material of Cu with other metal materials, the adhesion and the electric characteristics were studied before realizing the metal bezel and the bridge(Thickness:110nm, Sheet resistance:2Ω/square). Finally, by using ANSYS Q3D the size of the insulator, the quantity, the island type and the window type were compared to one another before designing various pattern designs. Also, simulations were applied for mutual cap values. Such a process, the large-area touch screen panel made with the wet-etching method could realize excellent touch functions in terms of linearity(0.86mm) and accuracy(0.83mm;Spec<1mm).