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- 저자 : 백순옥 (검색결과 8 건)
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SPT 프로그램이 어머니의 자녀 양육태도에 미치는 영향
백순옥 韓南大學校 地域開發大學院 2001 국내석사
Our society is in the midst of rapid change as we move into the 21st century. In order to assist our children to become a creative and inquisitive person that can meet the challenges of this fasting changing society, it is important for the parents to have an open attitude toward child-rearing. In this respect, educational institutions in all aspects of society, including children's educational institutions, must pay more attention to parent training programs that bring fundamental changes to passive attitudes of parents' toward their children's education. Therefore, this study has examined the effectiveness of SPT Program, which focuses on developing both the parent and the children through a learning process for soon to be parents, as well as, ones who are already raising children. Especially, this study seeks to find whether the SPT program has a positive impact for mothers who have democratic and open attitudes toward child-raising than the parents of the past. The other objective of this study is to provide the basis for opportunity to utilize the SPT program in educational facilities in our society. The results of the analysis are proved as follows. 1. Research Hypothesis 1 is to examine whether the mothers who have participated in the SPT program have more loving attitude toward child-raising than the mothers who have not participated. Test results of before and after showed a P level less than 1 % which shows a significant level of change. Therefore, this Hypothesis accepts that the mothers who have participated in the SPT program have more loving attitude toward child-raising than mothers who have not participated. 2. Research Hypothesis 2 is to examine whether the mothers who have participated in the SPT program have more liberal attitudes toward child-raising than the mothers who have not participated, and this test also showed a P significance level less than 1 %. Therefore, this Hypothesis accepts that the mothers who have participated in the SPT program have more liberal attitudes toward child-raising than mothers who have not participated. 3. Research Hypothesis 3 is to examine whether the mothers who have participated in the SPT program have more democratic attitudes toward child-raising than the mothers who have not participated, and this test also showed a P significance level less than 1 %. Therefore, this Hypothesis accepts that the mothers who have participated in the SPT program have more democratic attitudes toward child-raising than mothers who have not participated. And the mothers who have participated in the SPT program showed a high level of democratic attitudes toward child-raising even before this study was conducted. 4. Research Hypothesis 4 is to examine whether the mothers who have participated in the SPT program have more attitudes of intentional disinterest toward child-raising than the mothers who have not participated. Test results of before and after showed a P level less than 1 % which shows a significant level of change. Therefore, this Hypothesis accepts that the mothers who have participated in the SPT program have more attitudes of intentional disinterest toward child-raising than mothers who have not participated. 5. Research Hypothesis 5 is to examine whether the mothers who have participated in the SPT program have more consistent attitudes toward child-raising than the mothers who have not participated. Test results of before and after showed a P level less than 1 % which shows a significant level of change for the consistent attitude of mothers. Therefore, this Hypothesis accepts that the mothers who have participated in the SPT program have more consistent attitudes toward child-raising than mothers who have not participated. Based on the test results of above, this study concludes its results as the following. This study has conducted comparison tests between before and after exams and between the experimental group and the control group. After analyzing the responses from the both the experimental group and the control group, the both group had similar characteristics in regard to the 5 attitudes of child-raising. When the two groups were retested after the experimental group was treated with the SPT programs and mothers of the control with no specific treatment, mothers of the control group showed similar or negative results in the 5 attitude categories. However, the experimental group who participated in the SPT program, showed improvement in all of 5 attitude categories of love, liberal, democratic, intentional disinterest, and consistent attitude. Furthermore, the test results showed that the difference between the before and after test results were statistically significant. Therefore, the result of this study shows that the SPT program can be used by educational institutions as a parent training program, and its effect will not only bring positive results to their child-raising attitude but also will assist the parent to have the right understanding and techniques to correct the children. This program will not only help in children, but has been credited for nurturing patience among mothers and help them to use softer tones. In looking at these results, this study would like to point out that even though there is a high level of awareness in the importance of parent's education among parents, there is still low level of participation by the parents. In order to motivate the parents to participate in this kind of program, first there must be parents awareness programs. With the increased awareness through the parent awareness program, educational institutions in the society must try to establish various programs that parents can participate in.
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정수시설에서 전처리 방법에 따른 분리막 성능에 관한 연구
Drinking water treatment plants have suffered from a seasonal algal bloom, taste and odor problems and contaminations encountered from water resources. Current processes used in the conventional water treatment plants have limitation for eliminating virus, colloids and disease related microorganisms. Therefore, interest in membrane separation technology is rapidly expanding worldwide because membrane separation is considered to be a stable and efficient processes available to meet the drinking water standards recently reinforced. However, membrane fouling should be overcome because it determines the overall treatment efficiency. Therefore, to overcome membrane fouling in the membrane filtration for water treatment, pretreatment such as coagulation, adsorption and ozonation is applied and their impacts were evaluated. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of pretreatment on the membrane filtration characteristics. After ultrafitration of pretreated water with alum, ferric sulfate coagulation and activated carbon adsorption, the R_(c) and R_(f) decreased. In the combined process of coagulation and dead end ultrafiltration, R_(c)+R_(f) which shows a degree of membrane fouling decreased and the flux improved. R_(c) reduction was higher than the R_(f), which means that the membrane fouling was mainly caused by cake resistance. Similar results were occurred in the cross flow ultrafiltration. The alum coagulation showed the most high flux improvement in both the dead end and cross flow filtration. For the water quality, the removal efficiency was not different between in dead end flow and cross flow filtration. 9.3% and 6.3% of flux for NF and RO increased after alum coagulation. Turbidity removal efficiency were 96% and 97% for the NF and RO only filtration. For the combined filtration of alum-NF and alum-RO, turbidity removal efficiency of alum supernatant were 93% and 95%, respectively. Removal efficiency of turbidity, TOC and COD after alum coagulation were 56, 56, and 54%, respectively. TOC and COD in the final effluent, i.e., the permeate were not detected for all filtration of NF and RO, and all combined processes. Permeate turbidity from all NF, RO and combined filtration were less than 0.1 NTU which satisfied the drinking water standards. 5.8% and 6.3% of flux for NF and RO increased after UF filtration. Turbidity removal efficiency were 96% and 97% for the NF and RO only filtration. For the combined filtration of UF-NF and UF-RO, turbidity removal efficiency of UF permeate were 59% and 65%, respectively. Removal efficiency of turbidity, TOC and COD for the UF prefiltration were 93, 73 and 69%, respectively. TOC and COD in the final effluent were not detected for all filtration of NF and RO, and all combined processes. Permeate turbidity from all NF, RO and combined filtration were less than 0.1 NTU which met the drinking water standards. 3.3% and 4.9% of flux for NF and RO increased after ozonation. Turbidity removal efficiency were both 97% for the NF and RO only filtration. For the combined filtration of ozone-NF and ozone-RO, turbidity removal efficiency of pre-ozonated water were both 99%. Turbidity, TOC and COD for the pre-ozonated water were 1.9, 1.2 and 2 times higher than those of the raw water. TOC and COD in the final effluent were not detected for all filtration of NF and RO, and ozone combined NF and RO. The flux improvement between the combined NF and RO processes was not so much noticeable, but the flux of the alum pretreated NF was most higher than that of any other pretreatments. The final effluent water qualities according to the various pretreatments were similar each other. Particularly, turbidity of NF and RO permeates regardless pretreatment methods satisfied the water quality for drinking water standards. 하천수 또는 호소수를 상수원수로 하는 국내 중대규모 정수시설 여러 곳에서 계절적인 조류, 맛, 냄새 발생 등의 문제가 발생하고 있고, 생활수준 향상으로 수질에 대한 기대가 증가함에 따라 기존의 정수처리 방식으로는 수질을 보장할 수 없게 되었다. 또한 기존의 정수 처리방식은 병원균을 포함한 바이러스 및 미세 콜로이드를 제거하는데 어려움이 많아서 원수로부터 용존성, 콜로이드성, 입자성 오염물질들을 효과적으로 제거할 수 있는 막 분리 기술에 대한 관심과 수요가 국내외적으로 급격히 증가하고 있다. 따라서 최근에 강화된 음용수 수질기준을 만족시킬 수 있는 가장 안전한 정수 처리방식으로 막 여과 기술이 제안되고 있다. 그러나 막이용 공정에서 가장 큰 문제점인 막오염을 해결하는 것이 막 공정의 성패를 결정한다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고도 정수처리시설에서 막오염 제어를 위해 전처리 방법에 따른 분리막의 성능을 평가하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 상수원수에 Alum, 황산제이철과 같은 응집제 및 활성탄 전처리 공정 후 한외여과를 수행하여 응집, 흡착 메커니즘에 따른 막여과 특성을 고찰하였다. 또한 상수원수에 Alum, 한외여과, 오존을 각각의 전처리 공정으로 하여 나노여과 (NF)와 역삼투 (RO)여과를 수행하여 각각의 분리막 공정에서의 막여과 특성을 고찰하였다. Alum, 황산제이철의 응집제 및 활성탄의 각 전처리 공정 후 회분식 한외여과 결합공정에서 상수원수보다 R_(C)와 R_(F) 값이 모두 감소하였고, 막오염 발생 정도를 나타내는 R_(C)+R_(F) 값 또한 전체적으로 감소하여 플럭스가 향상되었다. R_(C)가 R_(F)보다 상대적으로 큰 비중을 차지하고 있었는데, 이는 분리막에서의 막오염은 케이크 저항이 주된 원인임을 시사하고 있다. 이러한 결과는 Alum, 황산제이철 및 활성탄 전처리 후 십자형 연속 한외여과에서도 동일하게 나타났다. 그 중에서 Alum으로 전처리한 후 여과한 경우가 회분식과 연속식 모두에서 플럭스 향상이 제일 높게 나타났다. 수질 측면은 회분식과 연속식 방식 모두에서 한외여과 단독과 큰 차이가 없었다. Alum을 전처리 공정으로 한 NF (Alum-NF)와 RO (Alum-RO)에서 Alum-NF는 NF로 단독여과한 경우보다 9.3%, Alum-RO는 RO로 단독여과한 경우보다 6.3% 정도의 플럭스가 각각 향상되었다. NF와 RO 단독여과에서 탁도는 각각 96%, 97%가 제거되었고, Alum-NF와 Alum-RO에서는 Alum 응집상등수 탁도의 93%, 95%가 각각 제거되었다. Alum 응집상등수의 탁도, TOC 및 COD는 상수원수보다 각각 56%, 56%, 54% 제거되었다. TOC와 COD는 NF와 RO의 모든 여과에서 검출되지 않았다. 탁도는 모든 공정에서 0.1 NTU 이하로 상수도 수질기준을 만족시킬 수 있었다. UF를 전처리 공정으로 한 NF와 RO에서 UF-NF는 NF로 단독여과한 경우보다 5.8%, UF-RO는 RO로 단독여과한 경우보다 6.3% 정도의 플럭스가 향상되었다. NF와 RO 단독여과에서 탁도는 각각 96%, 97%가 제거되었다. UF-NF와 UF-RO에서는 UF로 여과한 투과수 탁도의 59%, 65%가 제거되었다. UF로 여과한 투과수의 탁도, TOC 및 COD는 상수원수보다 각각 93%, 73%, 69%가 제거되었다. TOC와 COD는 NF와 RO의 모든 공정에서 검출되지 않았다. 탁도는 모든 여과에서 0.1 NTU 이하로 상수도 수질기준을 만족시킬 수 있었다. 오존을 전처리 공정으로 한 NF와 RO에서 오존-NF는 NF로 단독여과한 경우보다 3.3%, 오존 -RO는 RO로 단독여과한 경우보다 4.9% 정도의 플럭스가 향상되었다. NF와 RO 단독여과에서 탁도는 각각 97%가 제거되었고, 오존-NF와 오존-RO에서는 오존처리수 탁도의 99%가 제거되었다. 오존처리수의 탁도, TOC 및 COD는 상수원수보다 각각 약 1.9배, 1.2배, 2배 정도 더 높게 나타났다. TOC와 COD는 NF와 RO의 모든 공정에서 검출되지 않았다. 탁도는 모든 여과에서 0.1 NTU 이하로 상수도 수질기준을 만족시킬 수 있었다. NF 결합공정과 RO 결합공정에서의 플럭스 향상 면에서는 큰 차이가 없었지만, 그 중 Alum-NF가 플럭스 향상 면에서 제일 높게 나타났다. 제거율과 수질 측면은 NF와 RO 각각의 단독여과와 결합공정에서는 큰 차이가 없음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 각 공정에 관계없이 모든 방법의 NF와 RO 여과에서 탁도는 0.1 NTU 이하로 상수도 수질 기준을 만족 시킬 수 있었다.
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