柑橘類 種子 抽出物의 亞窒酸염 消去能

나임순 제주대학교 산업대학원 2001 국내석사

감귤류 종자 중 산귤은 단백질과 지방함량이 높은 반면 탄수화물 함량을 상대적으로 낮았으며, 하귤은 지방함량이 상대적으로 높고, 당유자는 단백질과 지질함량이 다른 감귤류 종자에 비해 낮았지만, 탄수화물 함량은 상대적으로 높았으며, 삼보감인 경우 단백질과 지방함량이 상대적으로 가장 높은 함량은 나타내었다. 감귤류 종자를 에테르로 탈지한 시료에 메탄올로 추출한 추출물의 아질산염 소거능을 검색하였으며, 추출물의 고형분함량은 0.8∼1.0%내외이었다. 아질산염 소거효과는 pH 2.2에서 첨가량이 증가할수록 그 소거효과가 좋아지며, 특히 시간에 따른 아질산염 소거효과를 확인한 결과 반응시간이 길수록 아질산염 소거율이 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있었으며, 특히 이 중 산귤과 삼보감은 첨가량이 증가할수록 반응시간이 길수록 아질산염 소거효과가 강하게 나타내고 있다. pH 3.4에서는 첨가량이 증가할수록 소거효과가 증가함을 보이고는 있지만 반응시간에 따라 매우 불안정한 모습을 보여주고 있으며, 특히 몇몇 종자 추출물들은 감소하는 경향까지 보여주고 있으며, 이들 중 금감자 종자추출물이 높은 아질산염 소거효과를 보여주는 동시에 반응시간에 변화에 따른 안정성이 높게 나타났다. pH 6.0에서는 첨가량이 증가할수록 아질산염 소거효과는 증가하였지만, 반응시간에 따른 변화는 극히 미비하였으며, 특이 이들 중 금감자, 당유자, 삼보감이 높은 아질산염 소거효과를 보여주고 있다. 감귤종자 메탄올추출물에 대한 아질산염 소거효과는 pH 2.2, 3.4, 6.0에서 아질산염 소거효과는 첨가량이 증가할수록 그 소거율이 증가함을 보여주고있으며, 특히 강산성인 pH 2.2에서 반응시간이 길수록 높은 소거효과를 보여주고 있지만, pH 3.4, 6.0에서는 반응시간에 따른 변화는 보이고는 있지만 소거효과를 증가하는 경향을 보여주지 못하였다. Nitrite depletion effects by methanol extracts from citrus seeds with the fat removed with ethyl ether were investigated. The solid contents of citrus seeds extract were 0.8∼1.0%. Nitrite depletion effects at pH 2.2 were increased with the increase of the does of extracts. Especially, nitrite depletion effects by Sankyool(Citrus sunki) and Sambokam(C. sulcata) were increased with the increase of the does and reaction time. Nitrite depletion effects of nitrite at pH 3.4 were increased with the increase of the does of extracts, and were very unstabled with the increase of reaction time. But methanol extract from Citrus sulcata seed showed high depletion effect of nitrite and showed high stability with the increase of reaction time. Nitrite-Scavanging activites at pH 6.0 were increased with the increase of dose of extracts. Especially, extracts from Kumkamja(Citrus obovoidea), Dangyooja(C. grandis), Smabokam(C. sulcata) seeds showed high depletion effects of nitrite. But nitrite scavanging effects with the increase of reaction time were slight.

노인의 성지식과 성태도가 성욕구 대처행동에 미치는 영향 : 수도권 노인을 중심으로

나임순 崇實大學校 2005 국내박사

노인의 재혼 욕구에 관한 연구

나임순 가톨릭대 사회복지대학원 2002 국내석사

현대사회의 급격한 변화는 노인에게 다양한 각도에서 영향을 주었다. 이러한 변동 가운데 우리나라는 고령화 사회가 빠른 속도로 진행됨에 따라 노인 인구의 증가는 물론 평균수명의 연장되고 있으며 사별이나 이혼으로 인해 무배우 기간이 연장되어 사회적인 무관심과 가족간의 소외감으로 외롭게 살아가는 홀로된 노인문제가 더욱 심화되고 있다. 노인의 재혼에 관한 선행연구는 대부분 질적 연구로 이루어졌으나, 본 연구에서는 양적연구를 통하여 좀 더 폭 넓고 일반적인 결과를 얻고자 하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 조사대상자의 이성교제와 재혼욕구를 조사하고 대상자의 사회 인구학적 특성과 재혼욕구와의 관계 그리고 대상자들의 노인에 대한 인식과 재혼욕구와의 관계를 알아보았다. 본 연구의 목적은 이러한 조사 결과에서 독신 노인의 고독감과 소외감을 해소시킬 수 있는 정신적, 신체적, 정서적 빈곤의 극복 및 성생활이 가능한 여건을 만드는 사회 복지적 방안을 모색함에 있다. 따라서 그에 대응할 수 있는 노인 재혼 프로그램의 개발을 제시하여 좀 더 만족스러운 노후생활을 영위함에 도움이 될 수 있도록 하였다. 조사대상은 자료수집의 편의상 서울이나 경기도 거주하면서 노인복지관 노인교실 프로그램에 참가하고 있는 60세 이상 80세 미만의 배우자가 없는 남녀 노인 297명을 선정하여 질문지법 설문 조사를 실시하였으며 본 연구의 자료 분석은 SPSS WIN 10.0Ver를 사용하여 빈도, 백분율, 표준편차, χ2(Qui-square), 피어슨의 적률 상관계수(Pearson's R)등을 산출하였다. 본 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 응답자의 89%가 노인의 이성교제와 재혼 욕구에 대하여 긍정적인 인식을 가지고 있었으며 조사 대상자의 사회 인구학적 특성에 따른 노인의 이성교제와 재혼 욕구는 성별, 연령, 학력, 결혼, 지위, 독신기간, 자녀와의 동거여부, 소득 등에 따라 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 조사 대상자의 노인에 대한 인식은 측은한 대상이나 무관심의 대상 등으로 잘못된 인식을 가지고 있으며 성별, 연령, 독신기간, 소득 등에 따라 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 3. 정서적 안정을 위한 재혼의 필요도가 가장 높았으며 노인의 성생활 필요도는 비교적 높게 나타났으나 재혼을 좌우하는 변수가 되지 못하였다. 4. 이성관계의 유형은 법적인 결혼이 가장 많았고(66.8%), 말벗(19.5%), 성 관계를 갖는 이성 교제(8.7%)의 순으로 나타났으며 재혼 배우자의 조건은 성별, 연령, 학력, 결혼 지위, 독신기간, 소득 등의 항목에서 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 5. 노인 재혼의 결정권은 재혼의 당사자라고 답한 응답자가 전체의 99.3%로 압도적으로 높았으며 자녀는 0.3%에 불과했다. 재혼의 장애요인으로서는 새로운 부부관계에 적응(39.0%)을 재혼의 가장 큰 장애로 여겼다. 6. 재혼 상담 유형은 홀로 된 친구에게 의논하는 경우가 가장 많았으며, 성별, 결혼 지위, 소득 등의 항목에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(74.2%). 7. 노인들의 이성교제나 재혼 연결이 어디에서 이루어져야 하는가는 주위의 소개로(47%). 노인 복지관(39.6%), 결혼상담소(8.7%)등의 선호 순위로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과를 근거로 다음과 같은 제언을 할 수 있다. 1. 응답자의 89%가 노인의 이성교제와 재혼욕구에 대한 긍정적인 인식을 가지고 있다는 조사 결과를 볼 때, 성공적인 노령기간을 위해서는 홀로된 노인의 이성교제와 재혼에 대하여 노인 본인은 물론 사회적 인식의 제고가 필요하다. 2. 정서적 안정을 위한 결혼 필요도가 가장 높다는 조사 결과를 볼 때, 한 인간으로서의 삶의 질의 관점에서 홀로 된 노인들의 외로움을 달래기 위하여 새로운 친구나 배우자를 만나 행복한 생활을 하도록 가족들과 주위의 적극적인 협조가 필요하다. 3. 노인재혼 연결이 주위의 소개(47%), 노인복지관(39.6%)의 순으로 나타난 조사 결과에서 노인복지관 내에 노인의 이성교제나 재혼을 주선하는 전문 상담 부서를 두어 사회 복지적 프로그램 개발 및 전문화를 적극적으로 추진하여야 한다. 그 외에도 각 노인복지 관련 기관들의 재혼 주선 상담기관 설치 및 상호연계 프로그램의 활성화를 비롯하여, 각 구청 문화센터, 구민회관, 노인정, 경로당, 동회의 취미·교육 프로그램, 건강 체조 교실과 접목한 레크리에이션, 종교기관의 재혼 활성화 프로그램, 사교모임의 활성화 등 건전한 만남을 가질 수 있는 프로그램이 많이 만들어져야 한다. 또한 더 나은 부부 관계 유지를 위해서 노인 재혼 유지를 위한 재혼 준비 프로그램이나 여가 프로그램 등의 개발이 필요하다고 본다. The rapid change of modern society is influencing the elderly's life in many ways. As the population of the aged increases rapidly, the ageing society becomes a reality in our country. As the life expectancy is extended, the number of the single elderly without a spouse by divorce or bereavement is also increasing. Therefore the problems of the lonely elderly become serious due to social indifference and alienation from families. The purpose of this study is to identify desires for remarriage in the context of social welfare so that the single aged can overcome their physical and emotional difficulties by making their conditions be able to have the sexual life, and that they may be helped to enjoy their aged life with more satisfaction through the development of the aged remarriage program. To achieve these purposes, the followings are surveyed: 1. the desire for the dating with the opposite sex and the remarriage 2. relations between the socio-demographic characteristics and the desire for the remarriage 3. relations between the recognition of the elderly and the desire of the remarriage The questionnaires were distributed to the 297 male and female elderly who were over 60 years old residing in Seoul and its vicinity, Kyunggi province. The data were analyzed using frequency, χ2(Qui-square), Pearson's R by SPSS Win 10.0 ver. The findings of the survey are as follows: 1. The 89% of the respondents has the affirmative recognition about the desire for the dating with opposite sex and remarriage. There were statistically meaningful differences by the factors of sex, age, education, marital status, period of the single life, co-living with children, and income. 2. The general cognition for the aged by the respondents was sympathetic. However some statistically meaningful differences were shown by the factors of sex, age, the period of the single life and income. 3. The emotional needs for avoiding the loneliness is the primary reason to get remarried. The respondents showed high desire for the sexual life, but it was not a major variable to get remarried. 4. The respondents wanted the legal marriage (66.8%), the good dialogue partner (19.5%), the sexual partner (8.7%), as the relation type with the opposite sex. In terms of the conditions of the remarriage partner, the factors of sex, age, education, marital status, period of single life, and income showed the statistically meaningful differences. 5. The 99.3% of the respondents thought that the right of making-decision for remarriage are up to the aged themselves. The major obstacle factor of remarriage was thought as the encountering difficulties to adjust to the new marriage life (39.0%). 6. The most popular counselling type of remarriage (74.2%) was the talks with friends who were single. 7. The preferring ways of connecting with the opposite sex and remarriage are arrangement by the close acquaintances (47.9%), social service organizations for the elderly (39.6%), the match makers (8.7%), in order. Based on the results from the above, the main suggestions can be presented as follows: 1. Considering the 89% of the respondents have the affirmative recognition about the desire for dating with the opposite sex and remarriage, the enhancement of the aged and social recognition is strongly required for the successful life of the aged. 2. Understanding the high needs for remarriage to get the emotional stability, it is absolutely necessary for the family members and close acquaintances to introduce new friends or partners to the single aged. Further, we are obliged to help the aged to be able to enjoy their valuable remnant life as a human being for improving the quality of life. 3. As explained in the 7 of the summary of the survey above, the great emphasis should be placed on the program development and professional counselling agencies where the association of the opposite sex and remarriage may be arranged. Such as the establishment of the remarriage agencies for the aged and development of the social services program, continuing education and leisure and recreation programs in community offices, public halls for the elderly in the districts, religious institutions, private clubs, and so on. We offer many places and opportunities for the social meeting among the single elderly. The continuing leisure and counselling programs for the remarried elderly couples should be developed for the better new marriage life.

인도네시아의 民族主義에 대한 歷史的 考察

나임순 가톨릭대학교 국제대학원 1999 국내석사

The nationalism of the new-born countries which were independent after World War Ⅱ, provided the ideological basis for national policies in building independent nations through national integration and breaking from external domination in the fields of politics, economics, social stnlcture, culture, etc.. Nationalism is also a root whieh preserves the national identity of a people and controls their feelings toward the colonialism of westem Europe. The contemporary history of hdonesia with the liberation from the colonialism for exploitation and with the fighting process for the independence of state- nation is the history of nationalism. It has created a new national out of a multitude of ethnic groups which had on common national culture, history, or identity. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the historical formation of indonesian nationalism and to analyze its progress and classify and characterize the nationalistic features of its stages, and to study its functions in Indonesian history. Western nationalism was the product of two cultural revolutions, the Renaissance and the Reformation. And the Euro-Nationalism of modern meaning was generated with the French Revolution which demanded liberty, equality, and philanthropy, as a momentum towards the end of the 18th century, which was produced from the fighting process which French citizens broke down ancien regime and endeavored to obtain their right and freedom. But non-westem nationalism has been formed in the resistance of Third World peoples to imperialism and colonialism, which are corrupted forms of western nationalism. In examining the studies of nationalism up to the present, we find that they are based on common notion which consists of language, race, history, tradition, culture, regional character and so forth. By the way, the deficiency of factors results in a momentous obstacle to the growth of its own nationalism. In order to study the development of Indonesian nationalism, we need to conceptualize the nationalism in Indonesia as a process of creating an artificial nation, a so-called state-nation, which contains the period under the domination of forieign powers in their territories and the period after its independence with liberty and freedom. Now the republic of Indonesia as a political unity has realifed independence and national development as a common goal. The soil of Indonesian nationalism is a plural society with a great diversity of cultures, religions, political pattems, etc.. The first stage [1900-1926] was characterized by Cultural Proto- Nationalism, a so-called 'nationalism without a nation', which was led by those who were enlightened by the opportunities of Westem education and through the Dutch language. These educated elite formed a dissatisfied class because the racial discrimination of the Dutch prohibited their employment. Indonesian nationalism was especially formed under impetus of the Dutch policy of colonial extension and their ethical policy at the beginning of this century. Indonesian Nationalism at this stage had four main streams : the enlightenment movements such as Budi Utomo and various study clubs, the expansion movements of economic rights and interests such as Sarekat Islam and labor unions, the Islamic Modemist Reformation movements, and the Socialist Revolutionary movements. This first stage of Indonesian nationalism was ended because of its regionalism, cultural ethnocentrism, religious exclusiveness, ideological factionalism, and the oppression of the Dutch. The second stage of Indonesian nationalism (1927-1949) began with the emergence of Sultamo and his PNI(Indonesian National Party), He insisted on a 'secular' pure nationalism which stood above all races, ideologies, and religions and appealed to the people to unite in resistance against the common enemy. At this stage Indonesian nationalism followed the course of typical anti-colonial resistant nationalism through the period of the late Dutch colonialism(1927-1942), the Japanese occupation(1942-1945), and the revolutionary period(1945-1949) by struggling against or by cooperating with the foreign powers according to circumstances. It finally succeeded in gaining the independence of Indonesia. The three main currents of this stage were essentially separated from each other though often superficially were united : Islamic nationalism Communist(Socialist) nationalism, and secular nationalism. In this state a 'we-consciousness'as a suffering community was born in the process of forming a national consciousness. And each element for establishing the first united nation stage, such as a name, a flag, a national language, and an anthem, was chosen through a spontaneous conceit. Indonesia after its independence, received parliamentary democracy in the style of Westem Europe so as to realire the freedom and the equality that nationalism runs after, but in vain. After some wandering and confusion, Indonesian Guided-Democracy was made to adopt in the end. Sukarno, great charismatic leader, who had come into power through the periods of parliamentary democracy, Guided-Democracy, and New Order, established the nationalism as the firm basis of the Republic of Indonesia in the form of Pancasila(the Five Principles of the state) and the 1945 constitution. The new-bonl countries, including Indonesia, are bothered with poverty and double doubles on the social and economical structure. The succeeding leader, Suharto who is a secular Indonesian nationalist with armed forces has developed in the fields of politics and economy. And he has integrated the Indonesian society with hdonesian nationalism which is the ruling ideology and the strongest driving force for national development. But there also anti-govemmental nationalistic movements (mainly students power) and sub-nationalism based on religion, racialism or regionalism(especially in East Timor). From the study above, we can find that Indonesian nationalism'a nationalism from the above led by the elite, has changed itself according to circumstances into Cultural Proto-nationalism, then into Anti-colonial Resistant Nationalism, and finally into Development Nationalism as a ruling ideology. Indonesian nationalism has integrated its various streams in one. Indonesian nationalism has been and will be the driving force in the contemporary of the Republic of Indonesia.