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노인의 우울감소와 자아통합감 증진을 위한 회상요법 집단사진 · 미술치료 연구
본 연구는 회상요법 집단사진·미술치료가 노인의 우울과 자아통합감을 증진시키는데 효과가 있는지 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 연구 대상은 D시 B종합복지관을 이용하는경증우울여성노인 중 연구 목적에 동의하고 참여 의사를 밝힌 9명으로 구성하였다. 회상요법 집단사진·미술치료 프로그램은 2019년 10월16일부터 2019년 12월18일까지 주 1회 90분씩 총 10회기를 진행하였다. 연구 도구는 한국판 노인 우울 척도 단축형(GDSSF-K)과 자아통합감 척도를 사용하였으며, 사전-사후 실시를 하였다. 자료 분석 방법은 프로그램 참여자의 일반석 특성, 가족관계, 생활수준, 교육수준, 연령)은 빈도분석을 하였고, 프로그램효과성 검증을 위해 대응표본 t-검정을 실시하여 우울과 자아통합 간의 사전·사후평균변화의 통계적 유의성을 살펴보았다. 본 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 회상요법 집단사진·미술치료가 노인의 우울 전체에 유의미한 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 회상기반 집단사진·미술치료가 노인의 자아통합감 전체와 하위영역인 과거와 현재에 대한 수용에 유의미한 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 하위영역인 삶에 대한 태도에서는 유의미한 효과가 나타나지 못했다. 따라서 노인들에게 회상요법 집단사진·미술치료가 지나온 삶이 모두 의미가 있다고 여기게 되었으며, 과거와 현재에 대해 조화와 균형을 이뤄 현재생활에 만족감 향상 및 긍정적인 이해를 하는데 효과가 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 노인의 우울과 자아통합감을 증진을 위한 회상요법 집단사진·미술치료 프로그램 개발하는데 기초자료가 되었다는 점에 의의가 있다. A purpose of study is to verify effects of group photo therapy and art therapy based on reminiscence techniques on decrease in depression and an improvement in ego-integration of the elderly. The subjects of this study are composed of 70~80 aged women elderly who have been diagnosed with mild depression at a public health center in S-gu, D city. The participant of this study program was composed of 9 elderly who were asked to join by the nurses who have been dispatched to a General Welfare Facilities in B-gu and taking care of psychological health of the local elderly. A program of group photo therapy and art therapy based on reminiscence techniques has been conducted 10 times, 90 minutes per time once a week from October, 16 to December, 18, 2019. The tools used for this study were on the basis of “Korean Form of Geriatric Depression Scale:KGDS” adapted by Bae seok, Gi and Cheol weon, Lee(1996), and a scale that was gained by analyzing “Scale of Ego-Integration” adopted by Joo yeon, Hong(2000) and Jeong sun, Kim(1989). Lastly, DAS test was conducted accordingly. The frequency analysis was conducted on the basis of general characteristics, family relationship, standard of living and education, and age of the participants who took part in the program. With response results, the t-test was conducted and a statistical similarity of before-after average variation in depression and ego-integration was investigated. The results of this study are as followings. First, it is clearly verified that the group photo therapy and art therapy based on reminiscence techniques had a positive effect on decrease in depression of the elderly. In a pre-test, a group average was scored 8.35 (Highest score: 15 ) and in a post-test after conducing therapy 10 times, it was outstandingly decreased by 5.13. It was a meaningful fall in light of an entire statistical figure. Second, it is verified that the group photo therapy and art therapy based on reminiscence techniques had a positive effect on the improvement in ego-integration of the elderly. In the pre-test, it was scored 2.21 and in the post-test, it was scored 2.41. Even though it is improved a little but it is a meaningful rise in light of the entire statistical figure. In addition, there was nooutstanding variation in a sub-factor. It was 2.13 in the pre-test and 2.48 in the post test in terms of “Acceptance of the Past and the Present”. It was 2.40 in the pre-test and 2.28 in the post-test in terms of “attitude of life”. It is found that the group photo therapy and art therapy based on reminiscence techniques have the positive effect on decrease in depression and improvement in ego-integration of the elderly. In addition, these also made the elderly to consider that all of their past lives are meaningful. This study puts a significant meaning that satisfaction at the present life is improved by balancing and harmonizing the past and the present. Therefore, the program of this study expects that it is actively used that the elderly accepts own lives and spends a healthy period of senectitude.
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