Phantom Studies on breast cancer detection using electrical impedance tomography

김봉석 제주대학교 2005 국내석사

기계 시스템의 소형화에 따른 결합 구조물의 동특성 연구

김봉석 아주대학교 2007 국내박사

The advent of microfabrication technologies in the last couple of decades according to advancement of mechanical equipments and scientific technologies has led the beginning of micro machine, micro machining technology, and micro factory. The major technologies applied to produce micro parts and micro components are the micro electronic fabrication technique like micro electromechanical systems and X-ray lithography technology and also micro manufacturing technologies like micro electric discharge machining and focused ion beam process. However, these kinds of technologies have the limitation of materials and shapes. Regardless of the materials and shapes, the mechanical machining of micro/meso-level parts and shapes is carried out by ultra precision machining processes such as diamond turning, micro milling, micro drilling, and micro grinding, but these processes tend to increase high production cost and lengthy production time. In order to overcome the drawbacks and difficulties of such technologies, recently micro/meso machine tool and microfatory system have been materialized due to effective usefulness and efficient system maintenance. One of the most important issues to be considered in development of micro/meso machine tool and micro factory is the effect on dynamic behavior and dynamic characteristics by miniaturization of machine structure from macro to micro system. Therefore, it is the key to find out whether the research on structural analysis accumulated in macro system can be applied to the new concept micro system. This paper is to study that the structure miniaturization has effect on dynamic parameters of bolt-jointed structure to predict the changes in structural characteristics and dynamic behaviors to occur in micro/meso machine and micro factory. The dynamic characteristics of natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes are identified and compared through modal testing with test models by 4 types of size from macro to micro-size, 2 types of joining conditions like monolithic and bolt-jointed model, and 2 types of materials like SS41 and AL6061. In addition, natural frequencies and mode shapes by using the exact same finite element analysis as is generally applied to conventional macro system are also extracted and compared with the results of modal testing. Based on the results of modal testing and finite element analysis, the natural frequencies according to joining condition and material in macro-size test model are little changes; on the other hands, those in AL6061 micro-size bolt-jointed test model are much lower than we expected. This unusual feature results from the changes of dynamic characteristics in bolt-jointed structure due to the miniaturization from macro to micro-scale, the decrease of joining stiffness in bolt-joints, and the change of material from steel to aluminum. In this research, I suggest the modified natural frequency equation considering weighting factors on the basis of the result of modal testing and predict the natural frequency in micro-size model by using that in macro-size model. Unfortunately, since a study on the structural characteristics according to the scale-down has never been verified so far, the structural test and dynamic analysis to predict dynamic behavior and structural characteristics of micro/meso machine structure in advance is indispensable to new system design and design modification. 기계 장비와 과학 기술이 진보됨에 따라 많은 분야에서 각종 제품과 구성품들의 마이크로/메조 크기로 소형화를 구현시키기 위해 새로운 제조 공정과 가공 기술이 개발되어 계속 진보되면서 기계, 전기전자, 재료 등의 전통산업에서는 경쟁력을 강화시키고 정보통신, 생명과학, 항공우주 등의 첨단 분야의 산업화를 가속화시키고 있다. 현재 마이크로 장치, 구성품, 시스템을 생산하기 위한 기술로 재료와 형상에 제한 없이 마이크로/메조 레벨의 기계적인 가공은 다이아몬드 터닝, 마이크로 밀링, 마이크로 드릴링, 마이크로 그라인딩과 같은 초정밀 기계 가공과정에 의해서 이루어진다. 이 방법은 높은 정확도로 마이크로/메조 크기의 구성품과 형상을 생산할 수는 있지만 필수 정확도를 유지하기 위한 공간과 에너지가 커 생산비가 높아지는 경향이 있다. 이러한 초정밀 가공 공정들의 결점을 극복하고 고정밀 미세 부품과 마이크로 가공을 위하여 마이크로/메조 크기 공작기계 및 마이크로 팩토리 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이는 신개념의 생산 시스템으로 소비자가 원하는 제품을 현장에서 신속히 제조할 수 있어 공간, 에너지, 노동력을 효과적으로 절감하여 효율적인 시스템의 유지를 할 수 있게 된다. 마이크로/메조 공작기계 및 마이크로 팩토리가 개발되면서 반드시 고려되어야 할 분야 중 하나가 시스템의 소형화에 따른 구조 동특성과 동적 거동에 대한 영향 규명이다. 초기의 마이크로 공작기계는 기존의 매크로 공작기계에 마이크로/메조 크기의 공구를 부착한 시스템이 대부분이었지만 현재는 구조물 자체가 소형화되고 있다. 그러나 불행하게도 현재까지 마이크로/메조 크기로 감소에 따른 구조 특성에 대한 연구는 거의 전무한 실정이다. 기존 매크로 시스템에서 축적된 연구결과가 마이크로 시스템의 특성이나 거동에 적용가능 여부에 대한 의문이 존재한다. 따라서 앞으로 개발될 마이크로/메조 시스템에 대한 동적 성능이나 동적 거동을 예측하기 위한 동적 시험과 구조 해석은 설계와 개발을 위해서 반드시 요구되는 과정이다. 본 논문에서는 매크로 시스템에서 마이크로 시스템으로의 스케일 감소가 볼트 결합부에서의 동특성 파라미터에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 볼트 결합부는 기존 매크로 기계 구조물의 결합방식일 뿐만 아니라 높은 정밀도를 요구하는 소형 공작기계의 부분 구조물 결합에도 널리 적용되고 있다. 기계 시스템에 존재하는 여러 결합부에서의 결합특성은 구조물의 동적 특성에 많은 영향을 주게 되고 특히 많이 사용되는 볼트 결합부에서의 동적 특성을 파악하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 마이크로에서 매크로까지 네 가지 크기의 두 가지 재질의 단일 구조와 볼트 결합 구조의 시험 시편 모델로 모달시험을 통하여 시스템의 특성 파라미터 고유진동수, 감쇠비, 모드형상을 추출하여 특성을 파악하였다. 또한 각 시험 시편에 대하여 유한요소 해석을 통해 얻어진 해석 결과와 시험에 의한 결과를 비교하여 매크로 시스템과 마이크로 시스템에서 적합한 방법을 유추해 내었다. 시험에 의한 결과와 유한요소 해석에 의한 결과를 바탕으로 구조물이 마이크로 크기로 소형화됨에 따라 볼트 결합부에서 발생하는 동특성의 변화를 규명하였다. 또한 모달시험 결과를 바탕으로 가중치 인자를 고려한 고유진동수를 제안하여 매크로 모델의 고유진동수를 통해 마이크로 모델의 고유진동수를 예측하여 보았다. 본 논문의 연구 결과는 기존에 연구되지 않은 분야로 기계 구조물의 소형화에 따른 동특성 파라미터에 대한 영향을 규명한 것이다. 이러한 연구는 현재까지 예측하지 못했던 소형 시스템의 동적 거동에 대하여 구조해석을 통해 새로운 제품의 개발이나 설계 변경시 주요 파라미터를 고려할 수 있는 기반을 마련할 수 있고 더 나아가 구조 안정성을 확보하여 초정밀 가공을 수행할 수 있는 근간이 될 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

지식공유의 영향요인이 조직구성원의 직무태도에 미치는 영향 : 조직지원인식의 조절효과를 중심으로

김봉석 남부대학교 보건경영대학원 2011 국내석사

본 연구는 기업에 있어서 지식공유의 영향요인과 조직지원인식이 조직구성원들의 직무태도에 미치는 영향과 조직지원인식의 조절효과를 실증하고자 하는 것이다. 지식공유의 영향요인으로 이론적 관점에서 평가보상제도와 커뮤니케이션과 직무태도에서 직무만족, 조직몰입, 고객지향성 그리고 조직지원인식에 대하여 선행연구를 통하여 살펴보았다. 이러한 연구를 실증하기 위하여 지식경영을 실천하고 있는 K사를 대상으로 206부의 설문지를 회수하여 분석에 사용하였다. 자료의 분석은 회수된 자료를 SPSS/Win 12.0을 사용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰성분석, 타당도분석, 상관관계 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과를 보면 첫째, 지식공유의 영향요인 중 보상시스템은 조직구성원의 직무만족, 조직몰입, 고객지향성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 조직구성원에 대한 지식공유영향 요인으로 보상시스템을 체계적으로 조직화하여 실천함으로써 조직구성원들의 직무태도를 향상시키고 조직에 기여할 있는 동기부여에 기여한다는 것이 검증되었다. 둘째, 지식공유의 영향요인 중 커뮤니케이션은 조직구성원의 직무만족, 조직몰입, 고객지향성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 조직구성원들 간의 지식공유를 위한 의사소통 활동이 중요하다는 의미이며, 활발한 의사소통활동이 조직의 분위기를 밝게 하며 조직구성원들의 직무태도를 향상시키는 역할을 함으로써 조직 내의 지식공유를 위한 커뮤니케이션활동의 중요성이 검증되었다. 셋째, 조직지원인식은 조직구성원의 직무만족, 조직몰입, 고객지향성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 조직이 구성원들에 대한 지원을 통하여 직무태도를 향상 시킬 수 있다는 것으로 조직은 구성원들에 대하여 금전적인 지원뿐만 아니라, 정신적인 지원도 아끼지 않아야 한다는 것이 검증되었다. 특히 업무량에 따른 적정한 인적구성의 지원 같은 직무환경에 대한 지원이 중요하다는 것을 시사하고 있다. 넷째, 조직지원인식은 구성원들의 지식공유 영향요인과 직무태도 관계에서 조절적인 역할을 하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 조직지원인식은 구성원들의 직무태도에 직접적인 영향을 미치지만, 지식공유의 영향요인들과의 관계를 향상시키는 역할은 미약하다는 것으로 관계의 조절을 목표로 하는 지원보다는 평상시 직무에 대한 지원이 중요하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 한편, 본 연구는 표본대상, 횡단적 연구, 변수들의 선택에 있어서 한계점이 있다. 따라서 향후 연구에서는 다양한 산업을 포함하여 다수의 기업에서 표본을 추출하고, 다양한 분석기법을 통해 정성적인 결과변수와 정량적인 결과변수를 동시에 고려하고 종단적인 연구를 병행하여 보다 객관적인 분석결과를 제시하는 연구가 이루어지길 바란다. This study aims to demonstrate, in a corporate setting, the effects of the influential factors of information sharing and the perception of organization support on work attitude, as well as the moderating effects of the perception of organization support. From a theoretical perspective, evaluation/reward system and communication as the influential factors of information sharing; and work satisfaction, immersion in the organization, and customer-orientedness for measuring work attitude were considered, as well as previous studies for understanding the perception of organization support. To study such topics, 206 questionnaires were collected for analysis from a company "K", which is putting knowledge management to practice. The collected data were subjected to frequency analysis, reliability analysis, validity analysis, and correlation analysis using SPSS/Win 12.0. The analysis results can be summarized as follows: First, reward system, one of the influential factors of information sharing, was found to have a positive (+) effect on the organization members' work satisfaction, immersion in the organization, and customer-orientedness. Therefore, it was verified that by systematizing and putting to practice the reward system, which is one of the influential factors of information sharing, for the organization members, the members' work attitude can be improved and their motivation to contribute to the organization can be increased. Second, communication, one of the influential factors of information sharing, was found to have a positive (+) effect on the organization members' work satisfaction, immersion in the organization, and customer-orientedness. This means that communication for information sharing among the organization members is important. Also the importance of communication for information sharing within the organization has been verified, as active communicative activity serves to brighten the atmosphere of the organization and to improve the work attitudes of the organization members. Third, the perception of organization support was found to have a positive (+) effect on the organization members' work satisfaction, immersion in the organization, and customer-orientedness. Therefore, it has been verified that the organization should lavish not only financial, but also emotional support on the members because the work attitude can be improved through such support. It especially implies that it is important to have support in the work environment, such as having proper number of workers depending on the work load. Fourth, the perception of organization support was found to not have moderating effects on the relationship between the influential factors of information sharing and work attitude. From the fact that while the perception of organization support has a direct effect on the members' work attitude, its effect on improving the relationship with the influential factors of information sharing is minimal, it is apparently more important to have everyday support for the work than to have support that attempts to moderate the relationship. Meanwhile, this study has limits in terms of the sample specimen, cross-sectional study, and choice of variables. Therefore, it is hoped that future studies will obtain samples from more companies in more diverse industries, simultaneously consider qualitative and quantitative outcome variables using diverse analysis methods, and also carry out longitudinal studies, so that more objective analysis results can be offered.

Effects of Extracellular Matrix on the Production of Nitiric Oxide from Murine Peritoneal Macrophages

김봉석 圓光大學校 1994 국내박사

2-채널 링-코어 마그네틱 프럭스-게이트 센서를 이용한 선박용 전자 컴퍼스 개발에 관한 연구

김봉석 목포해양대학교 대학원 2003 국내석사

This paper presents on the development of the two-channel ring-core Flux-Gate Compass(FG-Compass) that gives direction information to a deck officer such as a conventional magnetic compass in a ship. At first, the FG-Compass with two-channel ring-core flux-gate sensor was implemented and then the performance evaluation system to assess the FG-Compass was constructed. The FG-Compass consists of an excitation circuit, a flux-gate sensor and, a phase sensitive detector(PSD). Especially, the PSD was designed by Twin-T RC networked active band-pass filter. From the circuioy test of FG-Compass, it is clear that PSD can filtrate only the desired second harmonic signal, which is proportional to the direction of earth's magnetic field. Thus, the direction information was successfully obtained. The performance evaluation system of FG-Compass was consisted of a step motor driving unit, a bearing transmitting unit and, evaluation programs using polynomial regression formulae. Through performance evaluation, tests to the FG-Compass, total residual deviation of ±4˚ and eigen residual deviation of ±2˚ are obtained. This result is more accurate values than the conventional FG-Compass with eigen residual deviation of ±4˚. As results from the works, the conventional magnetic compass may be replaced by the FG-Compass which was developed through this research, the smart evaluation system that can estimate the performance of FG-Compass automatically was implemented. In addition, PSD design methodology by Twin-T RC networked active band-pass filter and, accurate evaluation method using polynomial regression model was also developed in this work. In the future, it is known that the smart component with the self-estimation and self-correction of residual deviations is also additionally needed to adopt the FG-Compass in a practical fields at sea.

GSP를 활용한 수학 학습이 학업성취도 및 수학 학습태도에 미치는 효과

김봉석 서울교육대학교 2008 국내석사

통일 이후 초등교육과정 개발을 위한 기초 연구

김봉석 건국대학교 2004 국내박사

생활세계론에 기반한 초등 역사교육의 이론과 실제

김봉석 공주대학교 2011 국내박사

A Study on the Theory and Practice of Elementary History Education Based on the Theory of Life World Bong-Seok, Kim Department of History Education Graduate School of Kong Ju National University Kong Ju, Korea (Supervised by Professor Myeong-Hee Lee) Husserl’s life world has affected today’s fields of studies significantly. Husserl’s life world provides implications to pedagogy and has influenced it greatly suggesting respect for learners and education based on life-world experience. However, there has been no study which introduces life world to history education yet. Thereupon, this paper pays attention to Husserl’s theory of life world in order to improve the reality of our elementary history education which cannot raise autonomous learners. The purpose of this paper is to draw the direction of elementary history education based on the theory of life world and apply it to the actual elementary history education based on that. The results of this study can be summed up as below. First of all, in order to grope for the direction of Husserl’s Life World and history education, this study considers the theory of life world from both epistemological and ontological aspects. ⅰ) Based on the result of groping for the connection between life world and history education focusing on its epistemological aspects, this study suggests history learning with learners’ semantic construction. This article considers semantic construction by the intentionality of phenomenology and also the directivity of history learning by connecting it with the constructive characteristics of history education. In conclusion, this paper considers the position of students as a semantic constructor and suggests first-person history learning through relating self with history. ⅱ) And this study groups for the directivity of history learning starting from the present noticing the ontological aspects of life world. It explores Husserl’s theory especially focusing on intentionality, horizon, concept of historicity, and relation with elementary history education. According to the result of this study, consciousness is associated mainly with learners through intentionality on the horizon of the past-present-future, so it lets us know the importance of ‘present’ in history education. Hence, this paper proposes history learning starting from the present where life world works as context. First of all, this study examines the characteristics of content structure in elementary history education. And it has found that elementary history education is characterized by integration with social studies, expanding environment, and organization centering around life history and history of figures. This study expresses and considers the matter of alienation of learners as metaphor of ‘history right there’ or ‘alienation of individuals’. Also, it analyzes the elementary history curriculum from the perspective of life world theory. According to the result of the analysis, elementary history textbooks for third to fifth graders were appropriate in that they choose life-world experience as their contents and topics. However, they disregard learners’ formation of semantic structure so fail to include learners’ individual experience. Thus, it is necessary to improve the curriculum so that students can form their subjective semantic structure with intentionality to the learning contents. Meanwhile, in order to figure out positively the correlation between history learning in the beginning stage and students’ life-world experience, this study conducted an in-depth interview to 40 second to sixth graders attending two elementary schools located in Seoul. According to the result of the interview, the characteristics of the students’ recognition on life tools in the past are as shown below. First, they tend to relate life tools in the past with their life-world experience. Second, they tend to relate life tools in the past with the present. Third, their curiosity over the unknown of the past life tools is the source of their interest. Fourth, they tend to relate past life tools with their own experience. Based on that, this paper concludes that teaching-learning should be conducted as written below by relating life world with historic experience. First, it is needed to relate it with students’ life-world experience and take what is familiar to them as contents and topics. Second, the learning should be conducted by starting from the present life world and integrating with the past. Third, the learning methods should include students’ direct experience like reproducing activity or making activity. Fourth, it is necessary to induce life-world experience formed by images like movies or multimedia. This study is significant in that it attempted an interdisciplinary approach between two studies, philosophy and history education, for the first time. It is an exploratory study trying to solve the problems of elementary history education by setting phenomenology and life world theory as the areas of tools and history education as the area of exploration. However, it exhibits a limitation that it still remains in exploratory characteristics, so it is expected that more concrete and profound follow-up research will be performed afterwards. Keywords: Husserl, phenomenology, life world, history education, elementary history education

청소년기의 신앙확립을 위한 세례교육에 관한 연구

김봉석 장로회신학대학교 교육대학원 2004 국내석사

執行法院의 配當節次에 關한 硏究

김봉석 建國大學校 2003 국내박사

Enforcement procedure is a procedure available for creditor who obtained a title of execution or person who acquired the security interest or priority right under the substantive law such as civil law and commercial law and others in realizing his right to recover the credit or investment capital. In general it is completed through three steps of attachment, realization and satisfaction. In the event the creditor in execution is not competing, there is no further issue, but in the event of several creditors in execution are competing, the satisfaction stage in execution is formed by the allotment procedure. When these creditors are competing, and when deposit money or realization is not enough to satisfy all obligations for creditors, the issue becomes which creditor is entitled under what criteria and method, and in some cases, how the allotment is to be made; preferentially or equally, and allotment procedure is the one that is proposed as the solution to the problem. In this case, the execution procedure is not completed until the allotment is completed. As such, the allotment procedure is formed as a part of original execution procedure, but it also shows different aspect when compared to the pre-attachment or realization procedure. Namely, in attachment and realization procedure, the executing institution exercises the compulsory execution right of the state on the assets of debtor in execution on the petition of creditor in execution, and for the progress of the procedure, it does not depend on the intent of the debtor in execution, on the other hand, in allotment procedure, it is the procedure to distribute the money retained by attachment and realization to the multiple creditors that the conflict of practical interest between the creditor in execution would show up onto the surface. Another word, on satisfying each creditors for the allotment procedure, by having the relationship with the voluntary attitude of competing creditor, the objective amount or priority of credit as well as the allotment. Therefore, it is inevitable to place importance on the allotment procedure as much as the procedure to obtain the source of execution right. In studying the allotment procedure of execution court, the annotations and books at home and abroad, thesis, decisions, periodic or non-periodic publications and examples of legislation of each country are studied for reference. In the Title 1, the introduction is outlined. The First Chapter discusses the research method and the Second Chapter for scope and method of study, and the Third Chapter looks at the examples of legislation of each country. In the Title 2, it begins the main discussion to look at how allotment procedure commences and progress at the execution court. The Second Chapter discusses the jurisdiction of allotment procedure, the Third Chapter for commencement requirement of allotment procedure, the Forth Chapter for method of allotment request procedure, its beginning and ending, types of credit that may allotment demand and effect of the allotment request, the Fifth Chapter for preparatory procedure of allotment, the Sixth Chapter for scope and amount of creditor to be alloted, the Seventh Chapter for requirement of allotment chart, and the Eighth Chapter for allotment priority. The allotment priority has its priority order determined following the provisions of civil law, commercial law and other special law. And, when the priority of allotment is determined legitimately without violation of law or in error, each creditors will trust the court, but if not, the court will not be trusted as well as having added weight on court's workload since parties will raise the suit to argue for priority right or objection on allotment chart, or suit on appeal. Also, the parties to the litigation and the state pay heavily for litigation that they are incurred with physical and property damages. If all the creditors participating in allotment are general creditors, they are entitled to have the equal rate of allotment in spite of prior or later time of credit occurrence. However, if there is an obligation defined to pay off earlier than the general creditors under the civil law, commercial law or other special law, the first priority shall be on such a credit that the allotment priority of each obligation is marked on the allotment chart to have the indirect indication of legal basis. On the issue of how to determine the priority, there is no specified provision on the Civil Enforcement Act that the priority has to be determined depending on the provision of other laws on priority and substantive law. The priority is marked with a number and if the identical order of creditor is identical, and it shall be marked with the same number. For example, in the event the national tax obligation, attachment obligation, and allotment requirement obligation are subscribed in this allotment, the national tax obligation is marked with 1 and the rest are marked with 2. In determining the priority, the priority is differed depending on the target object of compulsory enforcement is real property, personal property or obligation. Furthermore, the priority differs in the case of compulsory enforcement on real property, in the event of having secured credit by the security interest established after the confirmation date of tax obligation on the garnished assets and different priority of collateral established after provisional attachment or attachment, and in the event of having no collateralized property by the security interest on the garnished assets. Not only that, the priority of compulsory enforcement on the obligation and other property right becomes different. In allotting for joint collateral, and in the event of simultaneous allotment, it shall follow the principle of pro rata sharing, and in the event of joint collateral to make the allotment of disposition price, the application scope of subrogation of next party in the order is determined. In the event of simultaneous allotment, it becomes rather complicated for the priority of having joint holders of collateral have the primary priority and having joint holders of collateral have the secondary priority. And when joint security interest is established on a part of real property for subject joint collateral, there are 2 or more joint security interest in the event of having creditor of same priority and in the event of establishing joint collateral to have the different obligation amount on several real properties. And in the event of the priority crossed, there is a complex issue to have the conflict of interest in the security interest holder of secondary priority depending on which one of the real property subject to the joint collateral is placed in auction. The ninth chapter discusses the preparation of allotment time. The Title Three is on the appeal application on the allotment. The First Chapter reviews the objection on allotment chart. The Second Chapter is on the litigation arguing the priority right and others. The Third Chapter review generally on the appeal on allotment. The Title 4 specifically discusses on the implementation procedure of allotment. The First Chapter discusses the case of implementing the allotment. The Second Chapter reviews the implementation procedure of allotment. The Third Chapter specifies the effect of implementing the allotment. And Title 5 is the conclusion. The problem is not resolved under the provision of allotment procedure under the Civil Enforcement Act perfectly specified to implement from July 1, 2002. This thesis that referenced and described on the annotations, examples of practice, foreign laws and its interpretation on the compulsory enforcement under the old Civil Litigation Act will have to be the opportunity to realize the social justice by making rationale and justified allotment to multiple creditors who have the conflict of interest that sharply confront in handling the works of allotment procedure by the persons working in the court or allotment works.