女性勤勞者의 雇傭 促進方案에 관한 硏究

권오찬 檀國大學校 經營大學院 1991 국내석사

Employment is the process of acquiring skilled labor forces. The success of business depends on whether they can do that process without problems. In general terms, the ideal labor-market is that everybody should have the equal right and opportunity without distinction of sex. However, there are a lot of invisible differentiation between male and female workers in many parts. The distinction of sex in the place of business has been the focus of a considerable amount of research in recent year. The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze the problem of employment terms and to suggest the betterment of working condition for female workers. For this purpose, I analyzed survey of female Workers' labor environment and examined the existence of sexual discrimination. The sample of female workers who work at in Seoul and Choong nam area were selected in Sep. 1990. The results of this study are proved by women are unfairly discriminated and treated in spite of their contribution to the business. The result of this study includes the following problems. l. The problem of employment in getting any sort of Job 2. The problem in office 1) The unequality of placement 2) Lower wage 3) The Limit promotion 4) Unequal opportunities in training and education 5) Illegal retirement The following suggestions were made for the company and the female workers in 2 parts. 1. Microscopic alternatives The self-development by female workers: 1) Establishing definite professionalism, authority and responsibility without distinction as to sex. 2) Establishing strong consciousness about women's occupation. 2. Macroscopic alternatives The improvement of l) The social custom 2) The management system of employer 3) The activity of women's group 4) The employment increase in the policy of government * Job development * The adequate educational training about their own affair * Unemployment compensation system * Personal valuation system, etc. The above employment promotion plan af female workers is not only the problem of female workers, but also the problem of all employees. The problem of this plan will be improved through the social movement of old generation, young generation and growing generation whose share are different one another.

農業系高等學校 農業機械敎育의 活性化에 關한 硏究

권오찬 建國大學校 敎育大學院 1990 국내석사

I can conclude as follows with the basis on the facts which are uncovered clearly through the research. 1. The teachers in charge of the subject "farming machine" must have the certificates for that subject, but most of them have the certificates for other subjects. Such a situation can be an obstacle to the development of the education of the subject "farming machine". So it is required that the way of producing teachers should be improved and the teachers at present should be trained properly. 2. Students tend to be much interested in the subject "farming machine" and want to be trained with the emphasis on operating, working and repairing.(that is, practice-oriented education) But the Lack of facilities for practice, machines for practice and the special ability of the teachers prevents the students from performing effective practice. Such a situation requires the arrangement of facilities and machines for practice, and the increase of the speciality of the teachers in charge. 3. It is badly required that one or two assistant teachers should be employed when performing practice. 4. Most teachers in charge of the subject "farming machine" have ever experienced accidents on account of mal-operation or neglection of safety rules, and only 45.9 percent of the victims of accidents have received subsidy in some way or other from the authorities concerned. So the money for all the victims should be insured and the instruction of safety rules before practice should be reinforced to prevent unexpected accidents. 5. At present most of the production departments of agricultural high-schools adopt 4-8 completion units of study of the subject "farming machine". But the increase of the completion unit of study is thought to be desirable when considering the fact that most teachers in charge want 10-16 units. At the same time the content of the textbook of the subject "farming machine" should be reorganized to help the agricultural settlement of the students in farm villages. 6. Since too Large a scale of school farm makes difficult practice of the subject "farming machine", the machines ought to be separated into ones for practice and for management of school farm. 7. The problems in managing farming machines seem to be decrepi tude of machines and shortage of money for management and Purchase of parts, and the budget to purchase facilities for practice and farming machines should be assigned. 8. Such farming machines as tractor, cultivator, combine, and rice transplanter and engine for Practice proved to be indispensable to the agricultural education of students. 9. We have to secure a Large number of engines for practice to help students to increase the ability of fixing agricultural machines. Students who will settle for farming in farm villages should acquire license for agricultural machines, because they must be able to adjust themselves to farming machine.

가상 임팩터의 성능 향상을 위한 수치적 연구

권오찬 금오공과대학교 대학원 2021 국내석사

본 연구에서는 cutoff size가 1 마이크로미터 이고 150 LPM의 유량으로 작동하는 선형 슬롯 가상 임팩터를 설계하기 위하여 수치 해석을 진행하였다. 가상 임팩터의 일반적인 형상으로 프로토타입을 설계하여 수치해석을 진행하고 설계 매개변수를 변화시킨 모델에 대하여 해석 결과를 비교하였다. 수치해석에는 상용 유동 해석 프로그램인 ANSYS FLUENT가 사용되었으며 유동장 내의 난류를 계산하기 위해 RSM 모델을 사용하였다. DPM을 사용하여 가상 임팩터 내부에서 입자의 궤적을 확인하고, 가상 임팩터 내부에서 입자의 수집 효율 및 벽 손실을 계산하였다. 가속 노즐의 각도, 노즐 길이의 비를 변경한 모델에 대해 결과를 비교하였고 가속 노즐의 각도 감소에 따라 큰 입자의 수집 효율 증가와 벽 손실의 감소, 노즐 길이 비의 증가에 따른 cutoff size의 변화를 계산하였으며 설계 변수와 가상 임팩터 성능의 상관관계를 확인하였다. In this study, numerical analysis was performed to design a linear slot virtual impactor with a cutoff size of 1 micrometer and operating at 150 LPM. A prototype was designed with a general shape of a virtual impactor, numerical analysis was conducted, and the results were compared for a model with a change in shape parameters. ANSYS FLUENT was used for numerical analysis, and an RSM model was used to calculate turbulence in the flow field. The particle trajectory was confirmed using DPM, and the collection efficiency and wall loss of particles inside the virtual impactor were calculated. The results were compared for the model in which the ratio of the acceleration nozzle angle and the nozzle width (W2/W1) was changed, and the increase in the collection efficiency of large particles and the decrease in wall loss as the angle decrease, and the change in the cutoff size according to the increase W2/W1 . Numerical studies predicted the impact of each parameter on virtual impactor performance.

Intracellular protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1A negatively regulates osteoclast commitment and is associated with disease activity of axial spondyloarthritis

권오찬 울산대학교 2020 국내박사

Objective: Increased protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1A (PPM1A) levels in patients with ankylosing spondylitis regulate osteoblast differentiation in bony ankylosis; however, the potential mechanisms that regulate osteoclast (OC) differentiation in relation to abnormal bone formation remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, conditional gene knockout (PPM1Afl/fl;LysM-Cre) mice were generated and their bone phenotypes were evaluated. Methods: The bone phenotypes of LysM-Cre and PPM1Afl/fl;LysM-Cre mice were assessed via micro-computed tomography. OC differentiation was induced by culturing bone marrow-derived macrophages in the presence of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) ligand and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and was evaluated by counting tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells. The mRNA expressions of PPM1A, RANK and OC-specific genes were examined by quantitative real-time PCR, and protein levels were determined using Western blotting. Surface RANK expression was analyzed by fluorescent flow cytometry. Results: The PPM1Afl/fl;LysM-Cre mice displayed reduced bone mass and increased OC differentiation and OC-specific gene expression compared with their LysM-Cre littermates. Mechanistically, reduced PPM1A function in OC precursors in PPM1Afl/fl;LysM-Cre mice induced OC lineage commitment by up-regulating RANK expression via p38 MAPK activation in response to M-CSF. PPM1A expression in macrophages was decreased by TLR4 activation. The ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score was negatively correlated with the expression of PPM1A in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from axial SpA patients. Conclusion: The loss of PPM1A function in OC precursors driven by inflammatory signals contributes to OC lineage commitment and differentiation by elevating RANK expression, reflecting a potential role of PPM1A in dynamic bone metabolism in axial SpA. 목표: 강직성 척추염 환자의 혈청과 활막에서 protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1A (PPM1A)는 증가되어 있으며, 이는 조골세포 분화를 촉진하여 비정상적인 골 형성, 즉, 뼈의 강직을 유발한다. 그러나 비정상적인 골 형성과 관련하여 파골세포 분화가 어떻게 조절되는지에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 조건부 유전자 knockout (PPM1Afl/fl;LysM-Cre) 쥐를 이용하여 그들의 골 표현형을 확인하고, 파골세포 분화가 어떤 기전으로 조절되는지 보고자 한다. 연구방법: LysM-Cre 쥐와 PPM1Afl/fl;LysM-Cre 쥐의 골 표현형을 micro-computed tomography를 이용하여 평가하였다. 파골세포의 분화는 nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) ligand와 macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)의 존재 하에 골수 유래 대식세포를 배양함으로써 유도하였고, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-양성인 다핵세포를 계수함으로써 평가하였다. PPM1A, RANK 및 파골세포 특이적 유전자의 mRNA 발현은 정량적 실시간 PCR을 통해 측정하였고, 단백질 발현은 Western blotting을 이용하여 측정하였다. 결과: PPM1Afl/fl;LysM-Cre 쥐는 LysM-Cre 쥐에 비해 골 질량이 감소되어 있었고, 파골세포 분화 및 파골세포 특이적 유전자의 발현이 증가되어 있었다. 기전상으로 PPM1Afl/fl;LysM-Cre 쥐의 대식세포에서의 PPM1A 기능 감소는 p38 MAPK 활성화를 통해 RANK 발현을 증가시킴으로써 파골세포로의 분화를 유도하였다. 염증성 자극이 PPM1A 발현에 미치는 영향을 확인한 결과, 대식세포에서의 PPM1A 발현은 염증성 자극에 의한 TLR4 활성화에 의해 감소되었다. 더 나아가 축성 척추관절염 환자의 질병활성도와 말초 혈액 단핵 세포에서의 PPM1A 발현 정도 사이에도 음의 상관 관계를 보였다. 결론: 염증성 자극에 의한 대식세포에서의 PPM1A 기능 손실은 RANK 발현을 증가시키며 파골세포의 분화에 기여한다. 축성 척추관절염의 골 대사에 있어 PPM1A는 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다.

통풍 환자에서 콜히친에 의한 근육병증의 위험도: 스타틴 병용의 영향 : Risk of colchicine-associated myopathy in gout: Influence of concomitant use of statin

권오찬 울산대학교 대학원 2017 국내석사

목표. 통풍 환자에서 콜히친과 스타틴의 병용시 근육병증의 발생 위험도에 대해 알아본다. 연구방법. 콜히친 단독 또는 콜히친과 스타틴을 병용한 통풍 환자들에서 고혈압, 만성콩팥병증, 간경화 여부 등 환자의 기본 특성과 근육병증 발생 여부에 대한 데이터를 수집한다. 근육병증은 증상과 함께 크레아티닌 카이나제나 마이오글로빈 등 근육효소가 상승한 경우로 정의하였다. 근육병증 발생의 위험인자를 확인하기 위해 다변량 분석을 시행하였다. 스타틴 병용이 근육병증 발생에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보기 위해 inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) 을 시행하여 다른 교란변수의 영향을 배제하였다. 결과. 674명의 환자 중, 486명은 콜히친 단독 투약하였고 188명은 콜히친과 스타틴을 병용하였다. 근육병증의 발생율은 콜히친과 스타틴 병용군에서 유의하게 높지 않았다 (2.7% vs 1.4%, p = 0.330). 다변량 분석에서 만성콩팥병증 (hazard ratio [HR] 29.056, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.387-192.450, p < 0.001), 간경화 (HR 10.676, 95% CI 1.279-89.126, p = 0.029), 콜히친 용량 증가 (HR 20.960, 95% CI 1.835-239.481, p = 0.014), 그리고 CYP3A4 억제제의 병용 (HR 12.027, 95% CI 2.743-52.725, p = 0.001) 이 근육병증의 위험도를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 스타틴 병용은 교란변수의 영향을 배제해도 근육병증의 위험도를 증가시키지 않았다 (HR 1.123, 95% CI 0.262-4.814, p = 0.875; IPTW-adjusted HR 0.321, 95% CI 0.077-1.345, p = 0.120). 결론. 콜히친과 스타틴의 병용은 근육병증 발생의 위험도를 증가시키지 않았으며, 통풍 환자에서 콜히친과 스타틴 병용은 근육병증 발생으로부터 안전한 것으로 보인다. Objective. To investigate the risk of myopathy when statins are coadministered with colchicine in gout patients. Methods. In gout patients who received colchicine with or without statin, clinical data collected included medications and history of hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and liver cirrhosis. Myopathy was defined as the presence of muscle symptoms with elevated creatinine phosphokinase and/or myoglobin. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors for myopathy. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)-adjusted analysis was used to evaluate the influence of concomitant colchicine and statin use on myopathy. Results. Of 674 patients, 486 received colchicine alone and 188 also received statin. The incidence of myopathy was not significantly higher in those on both drugs than in those on colchicine alone (2.7% vs 1.4%, p = 0.330). On multivariate analysis, chronic kidney disease (hazard ratio [HR] 29.056, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.387–192.450, p < 0.001), liver cirrhosis (HR 10.676, 95% CI 1.279–89.126, p = 0.029), higher colchicine dose (HR 20.960, 95% CI 1.835–239.481, p = 0.014), and concomitant CYP 3A4 inhibitor (HR 12.027, 95% CI 2.743–52.725, p = 0.001) were associated with increased risk of myopathy. Concomitant use of statins, however, was not, even after adjusting for confounders (HR 1.123, 95% CI 0.262–4.814, p = 0.875; IPTW-adjusted HR 0.321, 95% CI 0.077–1.345, p = 0.120). Conclusion. Concomitant use statin and colchicine was not associated with increased risk of myopathy. Thus, concomitant use of statin with colchicine seems to be safe from myotoxicity in gout patients.

장수스왑을 통한 한국의 장수리스크 관리방안에 관한 연구

권오찬 숭실대학교 대학원 2016 국내석사

우리나라는 사망률의 급격한 개선추세 및 저출산 현상으로 인해 전세계에서 가장 빠른 속도로 인구구조의 고령화가 진행되고 있다. 이로인해 연금상품을 판매하는 생명보험회사가 직면하게 되는 장수리스크는 점차 확대되고 있는 실정이다. 해외의 경우 장수리스크에 대한 논의와 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있으며, 다양한 리스크 관리방안들이 제시되고 있다. 본 논문은 장수스왑을 통해 우리나라의 연금상품을 판매하는 보험회사가 직면하는 장수리스크를 관리하는 방안을 제시한다. 확률적 사망률 모형인 Lee-Carter모형 및 계수추정방법을 설명하고, 한국의 데이터를 이용하여 장래사망률을 추정하였다. 장수스왑의 현금흐름 구조 및 Wang 변환을 이용한 위험프리미엄 산출방법론을 살펴보고, 가정한 상품포트폴리오를 바탕으로 시뮬레이션을 통해 산출된 결과값을 제시한다. 또한, 추가적으로 실무에서 적용될 수 있는 몇 가지 장수스왑의 구조를 제시한다.

AC 및 DC 電壓에서 有機絶緣材料의 Tracking 파괴 현상에 관한 연구

권오찬 崇田大學校 産業大學院 1984 국내석사

本 論文은 有機絶緣材料를 試料로 택하고 電極에 AC 및 DC 電壓을 印加시켜 有機絶緣物 表面에 나타나는 Tracking破壞 現象을 IEC 試驗法에 의하여 조사하였다. 有機絶緣材料에 있어서 Tracking 破壞現像은 AC電壓은 DC電壓보다 빨리 破壤되었으며 電壓이 증가됨에 따라 兩 電壓 모두 적은 滴下數에서 破壞가 發生하였다. 또한 dry band 形成은 電壓이 높아질수록 電極 中央에 形成되었으며 낮은 電壓일수록 電極端에 發生이 시작되었다. 한편 DC 電壓에서는 陰極에 金麗物質이 析出되어 湯極 方向으로 向 하였으나 AC電壓에서는 그런 現象이 없었으며 炭化現象은 AC 電壓이 DC電壓보다 炭化面積이 작았다. In this paper, the tracking breakdown phenomena which were found on the surface of organic insulating materials, when AC or DC voltage is supplied to electrodes are examined by I.E.C. test method. In case of organic insulating materials, tracking breakdown phenomena occur faster under the conditions of AC voltage than DC, and also the high voltage than the low. Dry band formation is shown in the middle on the surface of the sample, between the edges of electrodes under the conditions of high voltage. While, the formation is observed the nearer to the electrodes under low voltage conditions. In case of DC voltage conditions the percipitated metal substances from the cathode move to the direction of the anode and such phenomena are no found under AC voltage conditions. As to carbonized phenomena, the area came to more limitted under AC voltage conditions than DC.

마늘의 열처리 조건 최적화 및 생리활성 물질의 분리동정

권오찬 충북대학교 대학원 2007 국내석사

In order to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the garlics, the sample were treated with temperature (110, 120, 130, 140 and 150℃) and time (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hrs) and evaluated IC50 of electron donating ability (EDA), total polyphenol, total flavonoid, 5-HMF, fructose content. The heated garlic extracts(HGE) were fractionated five solvent fractions of hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water. Antioxidative activity and MTT-assay of these fraction were analysed. Bioactive compound from EtOAc fraction was isolated and identified by silica gel column chromatography, TLC, UV, prep. HPLC and NMR. The HGE have 1.95 mg/mL of IC50 at 150℃ for 4 hr, which shows the high activity with the 50 times lower concentration than the untreated garlic extract(UGE) and have 18.16 mg/g of total polyphenol contents at 150℃ for 2hr, which is 7 times higher than the UGE. 5-Hydroxymethyl furfural(HMF) contents of HGE was increased as increasing temperature and time. The highest contant was 7351.8 μg/g at 150℃ for 2 hr. Fructose content was increased from 2.07% in UGE to 14% at 140℃ for 1 hr. As a result of solvent fractionation, the highest antioxidative activity(IC50) was obtained from 0.5426 mg/mL in EtOAc fraction treated at 130℃. The highest ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidative activity of 368.6 mg AA eq/g was obtained from EtOAc fraction treated at 130℃. The growth of the HCT-116 cells was inhibited about 50% by 2,000 μg/g in EtOAc fraction of HGE. After the twice silica gel column chromatography, three fractions(Fr. 1-4, 1-5, 1-6) was separated from EtOAc layer of HGE(130℃, 2 hr). Collected three fractions was purified through prep. HPLC and obtained to active compound(ASE-3). Growth inhibitory effect(IC50) of ASE-3 was showed 110 μg/g in SW-620 cells and 140 μg/g in HCT-116 colon cancer cells by CCK-8 assay. ASE-3 compound identified by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, EI-MS, DEPT(135), HMBC, HMQC, FT-IR spectrum and estimated structure was C6H9O5NSeS. Key words : garlic (Allium sativum L.), heat treatment, antioxidant, cell viability, identification

Multipath Transport Protocols for Video Streaming over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks : 이종 무선 네트워크 상에서 동영상 스트리밍을 위한 다중 경로 전송 프로토콜

권오찬 포항공과대학교 일반대학원 2015 국내박사

This dissertation presents a multipath transport protocol to provide a seamless high-quality video streaming service using multiple wireless networks simultaneously. Thanks to the fast development of communication and networking technologies, video streaming services are recently available anytime and anywhere. However, it is well known that the resources available over wireless networks are very limited compared to those over wired networks. In recent years, heterogeneous wireless networks have co-existed to support a variety of subscriber requirements. State of the art smart mobile devices have remarkable functionalities, such as high computing power, high-resolution display capability, and multiple advanced networking interfaces. Thus, users may expect that current mobile devices will improve the Quality-of-Service (QoS) by using multiple networking interfaces simultaneously. However, conventional transport protocols such as TCP and UDP cannot support multi-homing devices to use multiple paths concurrently. Therefore, a multipath transport protocol needs to be developed considering the functionalities of state of the art smart mobile devices for seamless video streaming. First, we present a multipath multimedia transport protocol (MPMTP), which exploits path diversity over heterogeneous wireless networks. The goal of MPMTP is to provide a seamless high-quality video streaming service by using multiple wireless networks simultaneously. In MPMTP, systematic Raptor codes are adopted to mitigate video quality degradation caused by wireless channel errors as well as to alleviate a head-of-line blocking problem in multipath environments, and their encoding parameters such as code rate, symbol size, and the number of source symbols are determined on the fly by considering the wireless channel state, Raptor encoding and decoding complexity, and receiver buffer occupancy. Furthermore, MPMTP performs packet scheduling considering not only wireless network conditions but also packet payload characteristics for smooth video playback. The proposed MPMTP is fully implemented in a Linux kernel and examined over real wireless network environments. Second, we propose an energy-aware multipath streaming transport protocol (EMSTP). The goal of the proposed EMSTP is to support a seamless high-quality video streaming service in an energy efficient way over heterogeneous wireless networks. One major concern of using multipath transport protocol in smart mobile devices is the higher energy required for maintaining multiple wireless networks. For an energy saving at the receiver side, EMSTP not only shapes a video stream into bursts, but also determines Raptor encoding parameters considering an energy consumption of Raptor decoding on the fly. The proposed EMSTP is fully implemented using C/C++ and Java at Android-based smartphone, and examined over heterogeneous wireless networks. 무선 네트워크 통신 기술의 급속한 발달로 인하여 동영상 스트리밍 서비스를 언제 어디서나 사용하는 것이 가능해졌다. 그러나 무선 네트워크의 자원은 여전히 기존 유선 네트워크에 비하여 매우 제한적이다. 최근 들어 다양한 사용자들의 요구에 의하여 다수의 이종 무선 네트워크가 공존하고 있고, 최신 스마트 기기들은 이러한 다수의 무선 네트워크를 사용 할 수 있는 뛰어난 성능을 보유하고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 사용자들은 다수의 이종 무선 네트워크를 동시에 사용하여 고화질의 동영상 스트리밍 서비스를 끊김 없이 보는 것을 기대 할 수 있다. 그러나 기존의 전송 프로토콜들은 최신 스마트 기기들이 보유하고 있는 다수의 무선 네트워크를 동시에 사용 하는 것을 지원하지 않는다. 따라서 최신 스마트 기기 환경을 고려한 무선 다중 경로 전송 프로토콜 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 고화질 동영상 스트리밍 서비스를 위한 무선 다중 경로 전송 프로토콜을 제안한다. 첫 번째로, 시스터매틱 랩터 코드 기반의 무선 다중 경로 멀티미디어 전송 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안하는 전송 프로토콜은 시스터매틱 랩터 코드를 사용하여 무선 채널상의 오류를 효율적으로 정정할 뿐만 아니라 다중 경로 환경에서의 헤드-오브-라인 블로킹 문제를 해결한다. 이러한 시스터매틱 랩터 코드를 효율적으로 사용하기 위하여 랩터 부호화/복호화 복잡도, 무선 네트워크 채널 상태 및 수신 단의 버퍼 상태를 고려하여 랩터 부호화 파라미터를 동적으로 결정한다. 또한, 제안하는 전송 프로토콜에서는 끊김 없는 동영상 재생을 위하여 무선 채널 상태 및 패킷 유형을 고려하여 패킷 스케쥴링을 수행한다. 제안하는 프로토콜은 리눅스 커널 상에 구현되어, 실제 네트워크 환경에서 검증되었다. 두 번째로, 에너지 효율적인 다중 경로 스트리밍 전송 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안하는 전송 프로토콜의 목적은 끊김 없는 고화질의 동영상 스트리밍을 제공함과 동시에 단말의 에너지 소모를 최소화하는 것이다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 동영상 스트리밍 트래픽을 버스트하게 조절하여 네트워크 에너지 소모량을 줄이고, 또한 랩터 복호화 에너지 소모량을 고려하여 랩터 부호화 파라미터를 동적으로 조절하였다. 제안하는 전송 프로토콜은 안드로이드 기반의 스마트폰에 구현하여 실제 네트워크 환경에서 검증하였다.

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권오찬 고려대학교 1982 국내석사