(A)Note on prime semifields

박기환 嶺南大學校 1984 국내석사

우리 나라 해외직접투자의 효율화에 관한 연구

박기환 목원대학교 대학원 2000 국내석사

Foreign Direct Investment(FDI)has elicited much more world wide attention since the 1980s,when more and more firms began rapidly and broadly getting involved in cross-border production and business. The global FDI outflow has surged from 47billion U.S. dollars to 315billion U.S. dollars in 1995, at a rate that is faster than that of the world economy and world trade. Once considered as an exclusive strategy of Multinational Enterprises in the developed countries, FDI has dramatically evolved as a necessary and common strategy for all firms in all countries due to rapid developments in transportation and communication. FDI plays an essential role in the process of firms' globalization. Until 1985,Korea's FDI abroad was carried out mainly for the purpose of developing raw material or entering specific markets and nearly attained a value of 500 million dollars on an accumulated basis by that year. However, the changes in the last half of 1980s, such as a galloping wage rate, made Korean firms rush to invest abroad. Recently, there has been rapid increase in Korean firm's foreign direct investment(FDI) It brings benefit current corporate and advanced technology and managerial skills. FDI are expected to enhance the competitiveness do Korean firms,which is yet to be seen. In particular, FDI would provide an alternative and chance to grow for Korean firms. which are in the urgent need of restructuring after a prolonged rapid growth. With the increasing speed of globalization of corporations under WTO system foreign foreign direct investment is considered as the important means of international corporation as well as avoiding trade barrier. Therefore in order to further promote foreign direct investment this paper seeks (1) synthetic assessment of existing theories of foreign direct investment. (2)systematic adjustment of factors of environment in the foreign direct investment activities. (3) analysis of above factors in the foreign direct investment of Korean corporations and proper proposal of strategic model for the individual corporation The purpose of this paper aims to deliver a clear message that we need to promote foreign direct investment not only to overcome the current economic crisis but also to make the economy more healthy and efficient. We recommend this paper to the general public, business people as well as to policymakers to further study and consider the efficient measures offoreign direct investment.

눈꽃冬蟲夏草 菌株(Paecilomyces japonica) 醱酵飼料 添加가 肉鷄의 生産性과 鷄肉의 理學的 性狀에 미치는 影響

朴琪煥 밀양대학교 2002 국내석사

눈꽃冬蟲夏草 菌株(Paecilomyces japonica) 醱酵飼料 添加가 肉鷄의 生産性과 鷄肉의 理學的 性狀에 미치는 影響 본 시험은 눈꽃동충하초 균주(Paecilomyces japonica)를 이용한 발효사료를 육계사료에 5, 10 및 20% 수준으로 첨가하여 급여할 경우 증체량, 사료섭취량, 사료효율, 혈중 glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol 농도, 계육의 지방산 조성 및 cholesterol 농도에 미치는 영향과 적정 첨가수준을 구명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 사양시험은 4처리X3반복X10수로서 총 120수 공시하여 5주간 실시하였으며, 혈중 glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol 농도와 계육의 지방산 조성 및 cholesterol 농도 측정은 사양시험에 이용된 broiler 24수를 공시하여 가슴살과 다리살에서 조사하였는데, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 2~3주령 동안의 증체량은 Paecilomyces japonica 균주 발효사료 5% 첨가구가 701.4g으로 대조구를 비롯한 기타 처리구에 비하여 높았으며 (p<0.05), 사료효율도 다른 처리구에 비하여 향상되었다(p<0.05). 4~5주령 동안의 증체량과 사료섭취량은 대조구를 포함한 발효사료 5% 첨가구와 10% 첨가구에서 높았으며(p<0.05), 발효사료 20% 첨가구에서는 오히려 감소하였다. 전기간(2~5주) 동안의 증체량과 사료섭취량은 대조구를 포함한 발효사료 5% 및 10% 첨가구에서 높았으며(p<0.05), 발효사료 20% 첨가구에서는 오히려 감소하였다. 사료효율은 대조구를 포함한 모든 처리구에서 차이는 나타나지 않았다(P>0.05). 2. 2~3주 동안의 혈중 triglyceride 함량은 대조구가 84.94mg/㎗로서 가장 높았으며, 발효사료를 첨가할 경우에는 72.00~80.56mg/㎗로 낮았다(p<0.05). 혈중 cholesterol 함량은 대조구가 64.52mg/㎗로서 가장 낮았으며, 발효사료를 첨가할 경우에는 96.13~105.9mg/㎗로 높았다(p<0.05). 4~5주 동안의 혈중 triglyceride 함량은 대조구가 170.71mg/㎗로서 가장 높았으며, 발효사료를 첨가할 경우에는 129.18~147.13mg/㎗로 낮았다(p<0.05). 혈중 cholesterol 함량은 대조구와 발효사료 10% 첨가구에서 각각 85.25mg/㎗와 89.45mg/㎗로서 낮았으며, 발효사료 5% 첨가구와 20% 첨가구에서는 각각 121.40mg/㎗와 132.44mg/㎗로 높았다(p<0.05). 3. 가슴살의 경우 oleic acid는 대조구가 25.07%였으나, 발효사료를 첨가·급여할 경우에는 26.51~26.99%로 증가하였다. Linoleic acid는 대조구에서는 17.66%였으나 발효사료를 5% 첨가할 경우 19.66%로 약 11.3%가 증가하였다. Linolenic acid는 발효사료의 첨가·급여비율이 증가할수록 0.55~0.57로 증가하여 대조구의 0.49%에 비하여 12.3~16.3% 증가하였다. 또한, arachidonic acid는 발효사료의 첨가수준을 증가시킬수록 크게 감소하였다. Stearic acid는 대조구가 10.99%였으나 발효사료를 첨가·급여할 경우에는 11.05~11.69%로 증가하였다. 다리살의 경우 oleic acid는 대조구가 24.48%였으나 발효사료를 첨가·급여할 경우에는 28.04~29.60%로 크게 증가하였다. Linolenic acid는 발효사료의 첨가수준을 20%로 높여 급여할 경우 0.74%로 높게 유지되었다. 또한, arachidonic acid는 발효사료의 첨가수준을 증가시킬수록 감소하였다. Stearic acid는 대조구가 12.21%였으나 발효사료를 첨가수준을 20%로 증가시킬 경우에는 8.32%로 크게 감소하였다. 4. 가슴살(0.71~0.84mg/g)과 다리살(1.02~1.05mg/g)의 경우혈중 colesterol 함량은 대조구를 포함한 모든 처리구간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 5. 가슴살의 경우 cordycepin 함량은 대조구는 366.85mg/kg이었으나, 발효사료를 5% 첨가할 경우에는 714.34mg/kg으로서 대조구에 비하여 약 94.7%가 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 그 다음은 20% 첨가구(673.27mg/kg) 및 10% 첨가구(605.51mg/kg) 순이었다. 다리살의 경우 cordycepin 함량은 대조구는 310.44mg/kg이었으나, 발효사료를 20% 첨가할 경우에는 665.62mg/kg으로서 114.4%가 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 그 다음은 5% 첨가구(624.75mg/kg) 및 10% 첨가구(587.73mg/kg) 순이었다. 이상의 결과를 요약하면 동충하초 균주 발효사료 첨가시 증체량과 사료효율의 개선 효과는 뚜렷하지 않았으나, 혈중 glucose함량 감소하였으며 지방산의 조성에서는 육질의 맛을 돋구는 oleic acid의 뚜렷한 증가가 나타났고 linolenic acid가 증가되었다. cordycepin의 함량에 있어서는 2배 이상의 증가 효과가 있어 특수 기능을 가진 육계 생산의 과정을 구명하였다. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the inoculated diet (Paecilomyces japonica) on feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency, the levels of glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol in the blood and the contents of fatty acids and cholesterol in the breast and leg in broilers. One hundred and twenty broiler chicks, two days old with mixed sexes were fed one of four diets containing 0,5,10 and 20% inoculated diet for 5 weeks, and allotted into three replicates of 10 birds per treatment, respectively. After feeding trial, twenty-four broilers were analyzed to determine the levels of glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol in the blood, and the contents of fatty acids and cholesterol in the breast and leg. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The chicks fed the diets containing 5% Paecilomyces japonica had higher (p<0.05) body weight gain (701.4g) than those fed the other levels from the 2nd week to 3rd week, but feed efficiency was not affected by the other levels of dietary supplumentations of the inoculated and control treatment (p<0.05). The control, 5% and 10% inoculated and control treatment (p<0.05). The control, 5% and 10% inoculated treatments increased body weight gain and feed intake compared with 20% inoculated treatment from the 4th week to 5th week(p<0.05). The chickens fed control, 5% and 10% inoculated treatments increased (p<0.05) body weight gain compared with 20% inoculated treatment. But, feed efficiency were not significantly different among all the treatments during the entire experimental period. 2. During the 2nd and 3rd periods, triglyceride in the blood was higher (84.94mg/㎗) in the control (p<0.05), and all the dietary supplementations of the inoculated decreased (72.00~80.56mg/㎗) compared with control. While the cholesterol in the blood was lower (64.52mg/㎗) in the control (p<0.05), and all dietary supplementations of the inoculated increased (96.13~105.91mg/㎗) compared with control treatment. During the 4th and 5th periods, triglyceride in the blood was decreased (85.25 and 89.45 mg/㎗ respectively) in the control and 10% inoculated treatment (p<0.05), and 5 and 20% inoculated treatments increased (121.40 and 132.44 mg/㎗ respectively) than those of other treatments. 3. In the breast meat, oleic acid contents were decreased (25.07%) in the control, and all dietary supplementations of the inoculated increased (26.51~26.99%) compared with control treatment. Linoleic acid contents were decreased (17.66%) in the control, and 5% inoculated treatment increased (19.66%) compared with control. Linolenic acid contents were decreased (0.49%) in the control, and all dietary supplementations of the inoculated increased (0.55~0.57%) compared with control. Stearic acid contents were decreased (10.99%) in the control, and all dietary supplementations of the inoculated increased (11.05~11.69%) compared with control. In the leg meat, oleic acid content was decreased (24.48%) in the control, and all dietary supplementations of the inoculated increased (28.04~29.60%) compared with control. Linolenic acid content were higher (0.74%) in the 20% inoculated treatment. Stearic acid content were increased (12.21%) in the control, and in the 20% inoculated treatment were lower (8.32%) than those of other treatments. 4. During the entire experimental period, cholesterols in breast meat (0.71~0.84mg/g) and leg meat (1.00~1.05mg/g) were not significantly (p>0.05) different among all treatments. 5. In the breast meat, cordycepin contents were decreased (366.85mg/kg) in the control, and 5% inoculated treatment increased (714.34mg/kg;up to 94.7%) compared with control treatment during the entire experimental period. In the leg meat, cordycepin contents were decreased (310.44mg/kg) in the control, and 20% inoculated treatment increased (665.62mg/kg; up to 114.4%) compared with control during the entire experimental period. These results indicated that marked and effective responses on body weight gain and feed efficiency were noted in the broiler fed the diet supplemented with 5~10% inoculated diet (Paecilomyces japonica). Especially, the dietary supplementation of the 10% inoculated diet increased C_18:3 and reduced C_20:4, and increased cordycepin content in the 5% inoculated diet. Therefore, there should be high benefits in terms of production and meat quallity when the 5 and 10% of incoulated dite are supplemented to the diet of broiler chicks.

소방공무원 사기진작을 위한 근무여건 개선에 관한 연구

박기환 전북대학교 행정대학원 2011 국내석사

국 문 요 약 21세기 들어 우리사회는 현대 물질문명의 발달과 고도의 지식정보화 사회로의 급속한 진입으로 소방방재 분야에서도 전문적이고 다양화된 행정서비스가 요청되고 있다. 사회 환경변화에 효율적으로 대응하기 위해서는 소방방재 조직도 질적&#8228;양적으로 보다 수준 높은 행정서비스 제공을 필요로 하게 되었으며, 국민생활 수준 향상과 인구의 도시 집중화로 인한 각종 대형사고 발생 및 주변의 불안전 요인의 증가에 따라 안전한 삶에 대한 관심이 더울 높아지게 되었다. 따라서 국민의 안전을 책임질 수 있는 방재 전문기관으로서 소방조직의 활성화가 더욱 요구되는 시점이다. 이러한 사회 환경변화는 소방행정수요에 대한 행정조직과 인력의 공급이 절대적으로 부족하고 소방공무원들의 열악한 근무환경에 대한 상대적 박탈감과 과중한 업무 부담이 오히려 삶 의질을 저하시키는 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 이 연구는 사기의 제반이론 및 소방공무원의 특성설정을 기초로 하여 분석영역은 선행연구와 인사행정 이론들을 참조하여 인사행정 관리, 경제적 보상, 물리적 근무여건, 인간관계 및 사회적 평가로 4개영역으로 나누었다. 인사행정 관리적 측면은 근무평정의 공정성과 승진제도의 개선방안, 보직배치의 효율적인 운영, 직장 교육훈련의 내실화, 총액인건비제에 따른 소방공무원 별도 정원 관리에 관한 방향을 제시하였다. 경제적 보상 측면은 보수의 합리적 조정 및 각종 수당체계의 개선, 소방공무원 건강검진 및 소방전문병원의 설립, 보훈 및 공상·재해보상 확대 등 소방공무원들의 후생복리 분야에 대하여 각종 화재 및 재난 현장에서 소방조직의 특수성으로 인한 불안정한 요소들을 해결하여 줌으로서 개개인의 안정된 생활과 삶의 질적인 향상을 추구 하는 방향으로 연구 하였다. 물리적 근무환경 여건에서는, 3교대 근무제도 시행에 따른 소방인력의 확보방안, 소방청사의 표준안 제정, 119안전텐터에 순찰(행정)차 배치, 개인 안전장비와 노후소방차량 관리 방안을 제시하였으며, 인간관계 및 사회적 평가는, 국민들의 소방공무원에 대한 이해와 선호도를 비교해 정부조직 내 소방조직에 대한 처우와 인식도를 비교하여 조직 내 인간관계와 사회적 평가에 대하여 분석하고 연구하였다 소방의 활동영역이 화재&#8228;구조&#8228;구급은 물론 각종 재난&#8228;재해현장에 이르기까지 손이 안 닿는 곳은 이미 없어진지 오래다. 열악한 근무환경 속에서도 국민의 생명과 재산보호에 최선을 다하고 있는 소방공무원들에 대해 사기를 올려줄 수 있는 정부의 정책적인 재검토가 필요한 시점에서 위와 같은 문제를 조속히 해결하기 위해서는 감정적이고 즉각적인 대응이 아닌 구조적인 쟁점을 분석하고 제도 개선을 모색하는 노력이 병행되어야 할 것이다. ABSTRACT A study on the improvement of Fire Fighters morale and work environment Park, Gi-Hwan Major in Public Administration Graduate School of Public Administration Chonbuk National University Advisor: Cho, Seung-Hyeon, professor For the 21st century, the development of material civilization, our society and the height of the rapid entry into the information society in the field of fire prevention in a professional and diversified administration services are being requested Social environment changes respond effectively to the local fire prevention organization, also qualitative. Quantitatively higher levels of administrative services would require and the people, raise living standards and population of urban concentration furnace caused various large-scale accidents and around the unstable factors, an increase of Depending on further interest rises for a secure life has been. This can be responsible for the safety of the people as a disaster prevention specialist agency is requiring more of the organization is active. These changes in social environment, administrative organization, the demand for the Fire Administration and absolute lack of manpower supply and fire officials for their poor working conditions and the heavy burden of relative deprivation rather quality life is degrading factor. This study various theories morale and setting fire officials on the basis of analysis of the characteristics of areas and personnel administration theories and previous research by reference to the personnel administration, financial compensation, physical working conditions, human relations and social assessment in four areas Divided Terms of administrative and managerial personnel of the performance appraisal process and the improvement of institutional advancement, effective management of placement positions, job training total labor workforce management system, according to fire officials on the proposed direction. Economic compensation terms conservative and other benefits of the system improvements, and fire officials with Health and Fire Protection specialist hospitals established and Firemen's welfare sector for the various fire and emergency on-site fire fighting organization's uniqueness due to the unstable elements solve the zoom as a stable personal life and seek to improve the quality of life in a way that was studied. In the physical working environment conditions, 3-shift system to enforce measures to secure the fire personnel, 119 fire safety patrol vehicles placed at the center, and personal safety equipment and management for old fire trucks were present, In human relationships, and assessment area, the organization is basically a collection of individuals. The structural and managerial level, the individual is a key component of the organization. Fire fighters people compare to the understanding and affinity for the organization of the government organization in the fire by comparing the treatment and awareness. Organizational relationships and social assessment analyzed and studied. The fire area of &#8203;&#8203;fire protection activities. Structures. Emergency and disasters as well. Disaster in your hands from touching scene where long time ago already. Despite poor working environment, to protect life and property of citizens committed fraud against the fire officers can pull you to review the government's policy at the time required to solve these problems as soon as the immediate response is not emotional nine trillion an analysis of issues and efforts to seek improvements to the system could be used.

삼출성 중이염에서 세균과 항체의 연관성

박기환 경희대학교 대학원 2007 국내박사

빈도별 확률강우량을 초과하는 강우사상의 변동성·경향성 분석

박기환 서울시립대학교 2009 국내석사

지구온난화는 우리나라뿐만 아니라 전 세계의 문제이며 매년 가뭄이나 홍수로 막대한 피해가 발생하고 있다. 특히 최근의 이상기후에 따른 집중호우와 태풍등으로 예측할 수 없을 정도의 큰 강우량이 발생하여 기 설치된 수공구조물의 설계기준 빈도를 넘어서는 경우가 빈번해지고 있다. 과거에 설계된 치수시설들은 이러한 기후변화에 따른 강우사상의 특성을 잘 반영하지 못하고 설치되어 문제가 제기 되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 우리나라의 빈도별 확률강우량을 초과하는 강우사상의 변동성과 경향성 분석을 하였다. 우선 최근 10년간(1997~2006) 주요 호우사상으로 인해 홍수피해가 발생하였을 때의 강우량에 대하여 지속시간별 최대강우량의 빈도를 산정하였으며 강우사상별로 확률강우량을 초과하는 강우량을 초과강우량, 초과횟수, 단위초과강우량으로 나누어 분석하였다. 산정된 초과강우량, 초과횟수, 단위초과강우량을 전국 61개 강우관측소 지점별로 도시하여 초과된 강우량의 공간적 특성을 검토하였다. 시간적 특성을 파악하기 위해서는 연도별로 나타난 초과강우량, 초과횟수, 단위초과강우량에 대하여 변동성과 경향성 분석을 하였으며 분석결과 주요 호우사상의 지속시간별 최대강우량의 빈도와는 무관하게 저 빈도에서도 홍수피해가 발생하는 것으로 분석되었다. 일반적으로 100년 빈도 미만에서 확률강우량을 초과하는 강우사상이 증가하는 경향이 있으며 확률강우량을 초과하는 강우사상의 초과강우량 및 단위초과강우량은 강릉, 포항, 부여, 장흥등 4개의 강우관측소에서 가장 크게 나타났다. 발생횟수는 평균이 과거에 비하여 증가하는 경향이 있으며 변동 분기년도는 1981년으로 나타났다. Global warming is not only a problem in the Republic of Korea, but an urgent global issue. Due to global warming, Korea is incurring great loss through droughts and floods every year. In particular, the recent unpredictable increase in the frequency of rainfall such as downpours and typhoons from abnormal climate change is leading to rainfall that often surpasses the designed frequency capabilities of hydrologic structures. The flood control structures design-engineered in the past are not reflecting the characteristics of the climate change. In general, the designed frequency capability reflects the situation of the region, its importance and the rainfall frequency. This study analyzed the changes and trends of the rainfall that exceeded the usual rainfall probability. Firstly, the annual maximum rainfall durations were calculated for the times of flood damage from major heavy rainfalls in the last 10 years (1997~2006). Rainfall that exceeded the probable rainfall volume were divided into excess rainfall, excess frequency and excess rainfall per unit and analyzed. The calculated excess rainfall, excess frequency and excess rainfall per unit were illustrated at 61 meteorological observatory sites countrywide, and by year, in order to understand the temporal characteristics. For data shown per year, the changes and trends were analyzed. As a result, it was analyzed that flood damage occurred regardless of the frequency of the annual maximum rainfall of major heavy downpours. Also, the frequency of excess rainfall and excess rainfall per unit were divided into meteorological observatories at four sites, as they increased. The sites were Gangneung (105), Pohang (138), Buyeo (236), and Jangheung (260). There was change in the average rainfall volume and frequency. It has increased compared to the past, according to the analysis. The changes occurred around 1981. Also, in general, the frequency of rainfall exceeding the probability of rainfall within 100 years, showed a rising trend. Such an analysis of the probability of rainfall volume should be taken into account when formulating measures for flood protection.

비만이 동반된 폐쇄성 수면무호홉증 환자에 있어서 수술 후에 시행한 체중감량이 환자의 삶의 질에 미치는 영향

박기환 경희대학교 대학원 2003 국내석사

산악자전거 판매점의 서비스품질이 소비자 만족도에 미치는 영향

박기환 한국체육대학교 사회체육대학원 2006 국내석사

본 연구는 산악자전거 판매점의 유형에 따른 서비스품질 수준이 소비자의 만족도에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 서울, 경기지역의 산악자전거 소비자들을 모집단으로 선정하고, 8곳을 토대로 지역별 유층표집(stratified sampling)법을 활용하여 총 313명을 표본으로 추출하였다. 자료수집을 위한 측정도구는 설문지로 전문가 검토에 의해 타당도를 검증받았으며, 신뢰도는 Cronbach's alpha .775 ~.939로 나타나 설문지의 신뢰도를 확보하였다. 이상의 과정을 거쳐 SPSS 12.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계분석, 카이(Chi-square)검증, 일원변량분석(one-way ANOVA), 표준중다회귀분석(standard multiple regression analysis)을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째. 직원, 제품, 구매상담, 매장환경, 접근편리성, 사용방법, 가격의 순으로 소비자들은 서비스품질을 지각하고 있다. 둘째, 판매점과 브랜드 대리점에서는 성별, 결혼여부, 연령, 소득수준에 따라 차이가 있으나 최종학력에 따라서는 차이가 없었다. 셋째, 서비스 품질 수준 차이에서 성별은 접근편리성, 결혼여부는 구매상담, 제품, 사용방법, 접근편리성, 학력은 제품, 연령과 직업은 매장환경, 구매상담, 제품, 가격, 접근편리성, 직원, 소득수준은 매장환경, 구매상담, 제품, 가격, 사용방법, 직원에서 차이가 있다. 넷째, 소비자 만족도 차이는 학력, 연령, 소득수준에 따라서는 차이가 있으나 성별, 결혼여부, 직업에 따라서는 차이가 없다. 다섯째, 서비스품질 중 구매상담, 가격, 접근편리성, 제품의 순으로 소비자 만족도에 영향을 미친다. The purpose of this study was to identify the affect of mountain bike shops' service quality on customer satisfaction. In order to achieve this goal, mountain bikers from 8 locations in the Seoul and Kyonggi district were selected by the stratified sampling method. As a result, a total of 313 bikers were sampled and surveyed. The questionnaire was evaluated by a panel of experts for its validity, and since its Cronbach's alpha values ranged from .775 to .939, the questionnaire was judged to be fairly reliable. So descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and standard multiple regression analysis were applied to the data using SPSS(version 12), and the following results were obtained: First. the service quality of staff, product, consulting, shop environment, accessibility, instruction, and price were perceived to be high in the mentioned order. Second, shop type and brand type preference differed according to gender, marital status, age, and income but did not differ according to education level. Third, accessibility differed according to gender, while consulting, product, instruction, accessibility, and staff differed according to marital status. Also, product differed according to education level, while shop environment, consulting, product, price, accessibility and staff differed according to age and occupation. In addition, shop environment, consulting, product, price, instruction, and staff differed according to income. Fourth, customer satisfaction differed according to education level, age, and income but did not differ according to gender, marital status, and occupation. Fifth, among the service quality factors, consulting, price, accessibility and product affected customer satisfaction in the mentioner order.

Hypothemycin의 TNF-alpha mRNA 안정성 감소효과

박기환 忠北大學校 2012 국내석사

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a major inflammatory cytokine produced by activated macrophages and lymphocytes and involved in the development of many inflammatory diseases. Preventing the production or action of TNF-α is considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for various inflammatory diseases. The resorcylic acid lactone hypothemycin has been shown to exert an antitumor activity. In this study, we studied the inhibitory effects of hypothemycin on TNF-α production and underlying mechanisms. Hypothemycin dose-dependently suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α secretion without affecting LPS-induced nitiric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that TNF-α mRNA expression was only slightly reduced by hypothemycin in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and J 774.2 cells. Further studies demonstrated that TNF-α mRNA stability was dose-dependently decreased by hypothemycin in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, hypothemycin suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and J 774.2 cells. Tristetraprolin (TTP) has been known as a major component of TNF-α mRNA decay machinery and direct substrate of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Knockdown of TTP by small interfering RNA reversed the stability of TNF-α mRNA decreased by hypothemycin treatment in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that hypothemycin inhibits TNF-α production, at least in part, by TTP-dependent reduction of mRNA stability in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

錦山의 植物相과 森林群集構造 分析에 關한 硏究

박기환 진주산업대학교 산업대학원 2008 국내석사

To investigate the forest community structure in the Keumsan(Mt.) area Namhae-Gun Gyeongsangnam-Do, 30 plots (20m×20m) were set up with a random sampling method. Forest community by cluster analysis was classified into three groups(Quercus serrata, Pinus thunbergii and Zelkova serrata communities). There were strong positive correlations between Rhus trichocarpa and Viburnum wrightii; Stephanandra incisa, Quercus mongolica, and Rhododendron mucronulatum; Symplocos chinensis and Styrax japonica; Lindera glauca and Eurya japonica; Viburnum wrightii and Lindera obtusiloba; Prunus sargentii and Pinus densflora; Fraxinus sieboldiana and Quercus mongolica, while there were negative correlations between Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Eurya japonica and Pinus thunbergii; Lindera obtusiloba and Eurya japonica; Prunus sargentii and Rhododendron schlippenbachii. Species diversity(H′) of the investigated area was 2.3870~3.1573. Distribution of vascular plants in Keumsan(Mt.) was investigated from August 1, 2006 to August 15, 2007. The results obtained from this survey were follows: There were 680 kinds, 9 forma, 82 varieties 589 species, 403 genera and 123 families of total plants. Woody plants vascular was 217 kinds, 4 forma, 20 varieties, 193 species, 119 genera and 57 families. Herb was 463 kinds, 5 forma, 62 varieties, 396 species, 283 genera and 78 families. The needle-leaved trees of 18 species, 9 genera, 6 families and broad-leaved trees of 199 kinds 110 genera 51 families were found. Pinus thunbergii, Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata, Sasa coreana, Zelkova serrata, Corylopis coreana, Wistaria japonica, Quercus variabilis, Asarum maculatum are consisted of community or a small community. The endemic woody plants to Korea were 18 species(Paulownai coreana, Juniperus chinensis var. horizontalis, Spraea pruniflora for. simpliciflora, Carpinus coreana, Salix koreensis, Weigela subsessilis, Cornus walteri, Stewartia koreana, Buxus microphylla var. koreana, Buxus microphylla for. elongata, Sasa koreana, Forsythia koreana, Clematis trichotoma, Clematis chiisanensis, Valeriana fauriei, Pulsatilla koreana, Aster koraiensis, Polygonatum humile). The introduced trees of 37 species and naturalized plants of 36 species were found. Urbanization index of the investigated area was 12.68 percentage.