농촌노인의 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 : 청원군을 중심으로

성정애 청주대학교 사회복지·행정대학원 2006 국내석사

As the brilliant development in medicine and science, the populations of aged people have increased with the huge amount and incredibly fast speed. Increase in the population of aged people, it is reasonable that the society of social welfare care for the social-psychological adjustment and health issues of aged people. Not only care for the health issues the society should make sure that aged people is taken care as they are satisfied their life. This study is to investigate the plan to raise the satisfaction of the life of aged people and especially for the people in rural communities. Most of aged people in rural communities contain farm and work really hard to maintain their job. Also aged people who lives alone are keep increasing as time passes. Their financial support, however, is very weak. This study is to find out the factor that raises the satisfaction of life of the aged people. This study includes the survey from the aged people (above 60 years old) in Cheong-Won, Chung-Cheon-Buk-Do. There were two hundred fifty three aged people helped for making the surveys. The survey contains the questions of family issues, state of health, financial state, sports activity and any relationship. The analysis of the survey was done by SPSS 11.0 for Windows program. The survey was done from 20th March 2006 to 23rd April 2006. The results of this study are shown as follow The result of the survey showed a bit of higher percentage for the male that they are having higher quality of life than female aged people. The survey shows that satisfaction of life is deeply related to the family circumstances. More often the aged people meet their children, higher the satisfaction can be found. Also people who are having good relationship with spouse or mates show great satisfaction of life and of course bad relationship with spouse or mates shows lower satisfaction of life. In fact, no significant relationship of correlation is found with the number of disease that these aged people have. The relationship between financial state and satisfaction of life shows also deeply related, as people who have main income source shows higher satisfaction of life. Also for the aged people who enjoys their social life seems that they are more satisfy with their life than aged people who are not enjoying their social life. The social life means in survey is talking to neighbors, friends or meet their children and grandchildren. More independence is the person, friendlier in enjoying the leisure sports also helps aged people to have better satisfaction of life. The most important factor which helps the satisfaction of life in old age is having a family. Also the high financial condition, having a religion and satisfying job helps aged people to have better satisfaction of life. Last but least another factor that helps the satisfaction of life for the aged people is that the position of themselves in the family. The aged people are really sensitive, whether the family members still respect them or not. They want to be decision maker in the family as the head of the family. On the basis of the results above, there are some discussions as following. The satisfaction of life for the aged people living alone is very low. The aged people should look for second marriage and make opposite sex friends as it will help for them to feel more satisfy about their life. Since the worth of having a relationship is very important, government should help them for starting a good relationship by making them meet together with parties or some special events. Also leisure activity and outdoor sports must be provided for the aged people. The aged people in rural community need to be taken care for their health issues. In a rural community, preservation of health system is very weak and there are very less. In fact, aged people in rural community most of them are working very hard to managing the farmland. An aged people really work endless and with the full might. What if these aged people get sick? What can the small rural community can do? It is necessary that government and social welfare community making sure that these aged people get proper check up at least once in a year. Also once in a while their house can be checked whether electricity is working well or heater system is ready or water supply is perfect.

공동체미디어로서 소출력 라디오의 이론적 유형에 관한 연구

성정애 전남대학교 대학원 2006 국내석사

Experimental low power radio as community media possesses the unique operating system which is non-professional participation and non-profit broadcasting. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the theoretical base and an operational principal of the low power radio through 'public interest' and 'participation' concept. The researches on the low power radio have tended to be oriented toward present condition. However this dissertation is considered as a new approach from the conventional study in ideological dimension is supposed to create the theoretical typology of low power radio based on the new system. In addition it inspected present condition, then it will suggest the right direction to go through. For this purpose, the following research questions were determined. Frist, what is concept and implication of public interest of low power radio as community media? Second, what is concept and implication of participation of low power radio as community media? Third, what are the theoretical typology of low power radio and characteristics of types? In order to find answers to theses questions, documentary studies and depth interview have been executed. The results show that the public interest of low power radio is embodied in term of community rights and social protection for the few. In other words it is interested in social outside field and local community rather than lean opinion of the main party or ruling class. Therefore, it leads the participation and mutual cooperation of various group. This implies that low power radio can be performed as a sphere in which members of community share their value, common goal. The second research question have examined the concept and implication of participation of low power radio as community media. In term of philosophy that is liberalism and communalism, it has discovered 'selective(will) participation' and 'obligatory(awareness) participation'. On the basis of these, the low power radio participation concept is a means to share community life. The participation is to do volunteer activity that means 'I' as the member of one group serve at community and further share a community life. In the third research question, the theoretical typology is determined according to public interest and participation concept. The low power radio should implement type Ⅳ which means obligatory(awareness) participation and common good. It is desirable to aim at Type Ⅳ that is community media as obligatory(awareness) participation to embody good. However the direction of internal low power radio is different from the theoretical typology. It shows that form of local broadcasting unlike ideological direction. In conclusion, the low power radio should implement type Ⅳ, community media that has obligatory(awareness) participation and common good. It needs to set a smaller area than the local broadcasting area in a bid to awake community, then the individual members in the community can be a master. Therefore the low power radio will play a key as public sphere when the participation is based on sense of community. Finally it will achieve a harmony of community. 실험적 공동체 미디어로 출범한 소출력 라디오 방송은 비전문가인 일반 시민참여와 비영리방송이라는 독특한 운영방식을 지닌다. 기존의 공 · 민영방송과 개념부터 달리하는 소출력 라디오는 과연 어떠한 이론적 토대와 작동원리에 의해서 정당화 될 수 있는지 살피는 것이 이 연구의 주요 목적이다. 지금까지 진행되어온 현황 중심적 연구에서 탈피하여 새로운 접근으로 소출력 라디오의 존립 근거를 ‘공익성’과 ‘참여’ 개념을 가지고 이념적 차원에서 재해석하고, 이를 바탕으로 소출력 라디오를 설명하는 타당한 이론적 유형을 도출하고자 하였다. 또 이론적 틀을 바탕으로 실제 소출력 라디오의 현실태를 점검하고 이론적 유형과 실제 국내 소출력 라디오를 비교 검토함으로써 소출력 라디오가 지향해야 할 방향성을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 해결하기 위해 이 연구에서는 문헌연구(documentary studies)와 심층인터뷰(depth interview)를 수행하였다. 소출력 라디오의 존립 근거로서 공익성과 참여 개념을 설명하는데 자유주의와 공동체주의 관련문헌을 고찰하였고, 심층인터뷰는 이론과 실제의 거리를 좁히고 현재 소출력 라디오의 실태를 파악하기 위해 실무자를 대상으로 실시되었다. 논문의 연구문제와 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공동체 미디어로서 소출력 라디오의 공익성 개념과 함의는 무엇인가? 이는 자유주의와 공동체주의적 관점에서 공익성 개념을 해석하고자 하였다. 분석결과 소출력 라디오의 공익성 실현은 주요 정당이나 지배적인 주류 견해에 의지하기보다 지역공동체, 사회 주변부적인 부분들과 작은 목소리에 관심을 보이고 다양한 집단들의 상호협력과 참여를 통해 구현된다는 것이다. 즉, 이익집단 혹은 특정 지배계층의 관심대변이 아닌 소외된 이들의 작은 이야기를 담는데 힘쓰는 상호 협력적 측면에서 공익을 의미한다. 공동체마다 다양한 공익(공유 가치)을 가질 수 있으며 또 성원들이 그러한 가치를 공유할 수 있는 공간으로서 소출력 라디오는 존재한다고 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 공동체 미디어로서 소출력 라디오의 참여와 함의는 무엇인가? 일반적 참여개념을 넘어 자유주의와 공동체주의의 철학적 관점에서 더 심층적으로 참여 개념을 분석하였다. 개인주의적 자유주의 입장에서 보는 ‘선택(의지)적 참여’와 공동체주의적 관점에서 해석한 공동체 혹은 사회적 맥락 안에 위치 지어진 자아의 ‘의무(자각)로서 참여’로 파악되었다. 이를 토대로 소출력 라디오의 참여개념은 공동체적 삶을 공유하기 위한 참여로 해석되었다. 참여는 내가 어느 집단의 소속원(성원)으로서 공동체 일에 봉사하고, 더 나아가 공동체의 삶을 공유하기 위해 참여한다는 것이다. 소출력 라디오는 분절된 개인들을 공동체라는 공간으로 결집할 수 있게 할 뿐 아니라 소외된 이들의 삶과 이야기를 담아냄으로써 공동체 삶을 공유하는 공간으로 역할 한다는 점에서 의미를 가진다. 셋째, 참여와 공익성 개념에 따른 소출력 라디오의 이론적 유형은 무엇이며 각 유형의 특성은 무엇인가? 공익성과 참여 개념을 바탕으로 소출력 라디오를 설명하는 이론적 유형을 알아보았다. 소출력 라디오는 ‘의무(자각)로서 참여’와 ‘공동체 선(good)으로서 공익’ 유형으로 보는 것이 타당하다는 결론을 얻었다. Ⅰ형은 공동체 집단의 이익을 위한 의무로서 참여하는 특수목적방송형, Ⅱ형은 자신의 이익을 위한 선택의지 참여인 민영방송형 그리고 Ⅲ형은 공동선 실현을 위한 선택의지 참여인 공영방송형이다. 마지막으로 Ⅳ형은 공동선 실현을 위한 의무(자각)적 참여인 공동체 미디어형으로 소출력 라디오가 지향해야 할 유형이다. 그러나 실제 소출력 라디오의 방향은 이념적 지향형과 다르게 지역방송의 방향성을 띠고 있었으며 이론적 유형과 일치하지 않음이 확인되었다. 결과적으로 소출력 라디오는 ‘의무(자각)로서 참여’와 ‘공동선’을 목적으로 하는 Ⅳ형(공동체미디어)을 지향해야 한다고 본다. 지역방송 보다 좁은 범위로 규정하여 “공동체”라는 의식 자각과 공동체 구성원이 주인이 되는 공동체 미디어임을 확인시킬 필요가 있다. 우리 공동체 내에 공동체가 소유할 수 있는 미디어가 존립하고 일원으로서 당연히 참여해야 하는 당위적 측면에서 참여가 자연스럽게 이뤄져야 할 것이다. 공동체 의식기반의 참여가 전제될 때 소출력 라디오는 공론장으로 역할 할 것이며 공동체가 공유할 수 있는 공동목표 실현과 공동체 조화를 이룰 수 있을 것이다.

케냐 초등교사의 ICT 활용교육 성과와 실천에 관한 연구 : 한국의 교육개발협력 중심으로

성정애 동의대학교 2019 국내박사

본 연구는 한국의 교육개발협력으로 지원되는 교사 ICT 활용교육 성과 분석을 위해 한국국제협력단(KOICA)이 케냐 정부에 지원한 “케냐 초등학교 교사 ICT 활용교육”연수에 참가한 교사를 대상으로 ICT 활용교육 연수성과와 연수 이수 후 ICT 활용교육 실천여건 인식, 실천태도, 실천의도 차이를 분석하고, 연수성과가 실천여건 인식, 실천태도 및 실천의도에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 한국의 교육개발협력, 케냐의 교육 및 ICT 환경, 케냐의 ICT 활용교육에 대한 문헌조사를 실시하고, 교사들의 ICT 활용교육 실천 변인에 관한 선행연구를 고찰하였다. 조사도구는 선행 연구를 토대로 연구목적과 연구내용에 맞게 재구성하였으며, 전문가그룹 에 의해 내용타당도를 검증하였다. 또한 타당도와 신뢰도 평가를 위해 요인분석과 신뢰도 계수 검증을 실시하였다. 조사대상은 KOICA가 지원한 “케냐 초등학교 교사 ICT 활용교육”연수에 참여한 초등학교 교사 230명으로 하였으며, 설문조사에서 수집된 자료 총 230부 중 불성실하게 응답한 25부를 제외한 205부(회수율 89.1%)를 자료분석에 활용하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 22.0 통계프로그램을 활용하여 빈도 분석, 일원배치분산분석, 다중회귀분석 등을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 분석된 연구결과는 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 조사대상자의 개인 배경 특성에 따른 ICT 활용교육 연수성과의 차이를 분석한 결과, 연수만족도는 교사 성별과 학력에서만 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 교사효능감은 교사 연령, 학력, 경력에서 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 교사혁신성은 교사 성별에서만 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 개인 배경 특성에 따라 ICT 활용교육 실천여건 인식의 차이를 분석한 결과, 수업환경은 교사 성별과 연령에서만 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며, 교사 상호작용성은 교사 학력에서만 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. ICT 활용 복잡성은 개인 배경 특성인 교사 성별, 연령, 학력, 경력 모두에서 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 개인 배경 특성에 따라 ICT 활용교육 실천태도의 차이를 분석한 결과, 유용성은 교사 성별에서만 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 용이성은 교사 연령과 교사 경력에서 유의미한 차이가 있는 것 나타났다. 넷째, 개인 배경 특성에 따라 ICT 활용교육 실천의도의 차이를 분석한 결과, 이용의도는 교사 성별, 연령, 학력, 경력에서 모두 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 재이용의도와 추천의도는 교사 성별, 학력에서만 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 연수성과가 실천여건 인식에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 연수성과 변인 중 교사효능감은 수업환경과 ICT 활용 복잡성에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 교사혁신성은 교사 상호작용성에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 연수만족도는 수업환경, 교사 상 호작용성, ICT 활용 복잡성에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 분석 되었다. 여섯째, 연수성과가 실천태도에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 연수성과 변인 중 교사혁신성은 실천태도의 유용성과 용이성에 모두 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 교사효능감은 용이성에만 유의미한 영향을 미치며, 연수만족도는 유용성과 용이성에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 일곱째, 연수성과가 실천의도에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 연수성과 변인 중 연수만족도는 추천의도에 유의미한 영향을 미치고, 교사효능감은 이용의도와 재이용의도에 유의미한 영향을 미치며, 교사혁신성은 이용의도와 추천의도에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 한국 교육개발협력사업의 성과를 실증기반 연구를 통해 분석하였다는 점에서 의의를 갖는다. 본 연구의 결과는 케냐 초등학교 교사 ICT 활용교육 연수성과가 교육현장에서 ICT 활용교육 실천으로 연결될 수 있는 연수 프로그램 개발에 대한 지침을 제공하고, 나아가 한국의 ICT 교육개발협력 교사역량개발사업의 성과지표 개선 및 성과측정을 위한 기초자료를 제공하였다는 점에서 가치가 있다. 본 연구는 특정 ICT 활용교육 연수과정에 참여한 초등학교 교사만을 연구대상으로 선정하였기 때문에 연구결과를 케냐의 초등학교 교사 전체로 일반화 하는 데는 한계가 있다. 또한, 특정 지역의 교사를 연구대상으로 선정한 관계로 표본채집의 한계성이 존재한다. 향후 연구에서는 유사한 ICT 활용교육 연수를 이수한 교사와 이수 받지 않은 교사 간 비교연구를 진행할 필요성이 제기된다. 또한, 본 연구는 케냐 ICT 활용교육 연수에 대한 연수성과 중심의 ICT 활용교육 실천에 대한 양적연구만 진행되었으나, 향후에는 교사들이 교육현장에 ICT 활용교육을 실천함에 있어 촉진 및 저해 요인 분석을 통해 케냐 초등학교의 ICT 활성교육 활성화 방안에대한 질적 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the achievement of the teacher training of ICT utilization in education and the difference of awareness of practice environment, practice attitude and practice intention of ICT utilization in education after completion of the training, and to examine the effects of training achievement on awareness of practice environment, practice attitude and practice intention in order to analyze the performance of the teacher training of ICT utilization in education which supported by Korea’s education development cooperation. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, literature survey was conducted on Korea’s education development cooperation, education and ICT environment and ICT utilization education in Kenya. The research tool was reconstructed according to the research purpose and contents based on the previous research, and the content validity was verified by the expert group. Factor analysis and reliability coefficient test were also conducted to evaluate validity and reliability. The subjects of this study were 230 primary school teachers who participated in the "Kenya Primary School Teacher ICT Utilization in Education Training" project supported by Korea International Cooperation Agency(KOICA). Of the total 230 answers collected from the questionnaire, 205 answers(recovery rate, 89.1%) were used for final analysis. Data were analyzed using frequency analysis, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 22.0 statistical program. The results of this study were as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the difference of achievement of the training of ICT utilization in education according to personal background characteristics of teacher, it showed that there was a significant difference only in teacher gender and educational background in the training satisfaction. Teacher efficacy was significant difference in teacher age, educational background and career. Teacher innovation had a significant difference only in teacher gender. Second, as a result of analyzing the difference of awareness of practice environment for ICT utilization in education according to personal background characteristics, there was a meaningful difference only in teacher gender and age in the class environment. The teacher interactivity showed significant difference only in teacher career. The ICT utilization complexity did not show a significant difference in the personal background characteristics such as teacher gender, age, educational background and career. Third, as a result of analyzing the difference of attitude of ICT utilization in education according to personal background characteristics, usefulness showed significant difference only in teacher gender, and ease of use showed a significant difference in teacher age and educational career. Fourth, as a result of analyzing the difference of intention of ICT utilization in education according to personal background characteristics, the intention of ICT utilization in education showed significant difference in teacher gender, age, educational background and career. The re-use and recommendation intention showed significant difference only in teacher gender and educational background. As a result of analyzing the effect of ICT utilization education training achievement on practice attitude and intention, it was found that the usefulness was increased with higher teacher innovation, and the ease of use was higher when the teachers 'efficacy and teacher' s innovation were highly evaluated. Fifth, as a result of analyzing the effect of the training achievement on awareness of practice environment, teacher efficacy had a significant effect on the class environment and ICT utilization complexity. Teacher innovation had a significant effect on teacher interactivity. However, it was analyzed that the training satisfaction did not have a significant effect on the class environment, teacher interactivity and ICT utilization complexity. Sixth, as a result of analyzing the effect of training achievement on the practice attitude, it was found that teacher innovation had a significant effect on the usefulness and the ease of use, teacher efficacy had a significant effect only on the ease of use, And ease of use were not significantly affected. Seventh, as a result of analyzing the effect of the training achievement on the practice intention, the training satisfaction had a significant effect on recommendation intention. The teacher efficacy had a significant effect on the intention to use and re-use intention. The teacher innovation had a significant influence on the use intention and recommendation intention. As the results of this study are significant in that it was analyzed through empirical-based research of Korea’s education cooperation development project. And the results of this study are valuable in that it provides basic data for improvement of performance indicators and performance measurement of Korea’s ICT education development cooperation project. This study was conducted on primary school teachers in Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya, rather than primary school teachers in all Kenya areas. Therefore, the results of this study were limited to the generalization of Kenya primary school teachers. Future research will require a comparative study between teachers who have completed similar training of ICT utilization in education and those who have not. In addition, this study was conducted only through quantitative research on an achievement of the training of ICT utilization in education and practice of ICT utilization in education after completing the training. However, in the future, qualitative research should be carried out on how to activate ICT utilization in education in Kenya primary school trough analyzing on facilitating and inhibiting factors in the practice of ICT utilization in education in educational field.

불교 카운슬링의 방안모색에 관한 一考察 : 캔 윌버의 통합심리와 불교사상을 중심으로

成貞愛 동국대학교 불교문화대학원 2007 국내석사

Psychology with proficiency in guidance and counseling was developed at a good pace for 100 years since Freud maintained Freudianism in 1896. There are a lot of different lower rank of Psychology with proficiency in guidance and counseling; Freudianism, psychology of behaviorism, casework, etc. It was very hard time for me, because hundreds of different theories are usually contradicted each other. For instance, in Freudianism, the stronger ego the better. The other hand, Buddhism tells the least ego is the way of avoid pain. Freudianism is still used at counseling even if it has been 100years, and buddhism isn't fade out but even populated nowadays of its over 2000-year-old-history. Then how could these two contradicted theory exist together? And why should they exist, how should students see them? I found that integral psychology could be good means to put eastern religion and western psychology together. Ken Wilber is well known as a scholar who is authority on humanity, philosophy and psychology. He wrote 『The Spectrum of Consciousness』when he was 23 years old, and succeed to integrate Freud and Buddhism. After that he continuosely wrote over 20 books and that make his theory reasonable. Rationalism and logical thinking of western makes people divide, so a number of Psychology with proficiency in guidance and counselings are come out as a method but those couldn't work at all. Therefore Wilber thought that eastern traditional philosophy, especially Buddhism, which teach us absence of ego, naught, etc. could be good way to go to more perfect theory. Furthermore Wilber insist that spirituality ,which was denied because it couldn't be proven by scientifically, should be included. Four Quadrants can be good example. There are three degree of acknowledgment; physical, mind, spirit. Wilber thought that we can figure out mind by mind and spirit eye, not physical eye. And he insist that truth, virtue and beauty should be considered equally important. He said that cognition has many dimension and organized holon system. It means that upper degree conclude lower one and transcend that at the same time. Wilber thought that western Psychology with proficiency in guidance and counselings are just lower degree of truth. Therefore he insist combined psychology which contain western and eastern philosophy at the same time. It is definitely agreed with theory of Buddhism. Therefore he insist that combined psychology because western psychology couldn't be perfect. This is what Buddhism teach us. The Spirit is equal with vacancy. There are a lot of correlation between two of them. Therefore we can find a good point of Buddhism counseling even though it started later. Buddha preached a sermon focusing on what kind of person is the client. Therefore Buddhism counseling could help client by this way to figure out their problem and finally find meaning of their life.