Subtypes of juvenile sex offenders : comparing treatment outcomesof the CBT

이영준 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2012 국내박사

Developmental trajectories of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity in children : the effects of children's temperament and parenting behavior

이수진 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2012 국내박사

The current study aimed to understand the developmental trajectories of the children’s inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity through a short-term longitudinal study and attempted to identify the patterns and their subgroups. 1384 parents in two elementary schools in Gyunggi Province participated in this study: children’s inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity were measured three times with five months interval; children’s temperament and parents’ behaviors were measured once, only at the first time-point. Younger children group (6 to 8 years old) consisted of 515 participants (276 boys and 239 girls); older children group (9 to 11 years old) consisted of 829 participants (398 boys and 431 girls). Cohort Sequential Design, Latent Growth Curve Model, General Growth Mixture Model, and multinominal logistic regression methods were employed for analyses. The results are as follow. First, the inattention showed an increase in younger children and maintained in older children; the hyperactivity-impulsivity showed stability in younger children and showed a decrease in older children. Second, regarding the subgroups of each problems-by-age groups, three and three subgroups were identified for inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, respectively, in younger children; five and four subgroups in older children. Third, regarding the predictors of the identified pattern subgroups, novelty-seeking and Reward Dependence predicted younger children’s inattention positively and persistence temperament predicted it negatively; being male and neglect parenting added influence in hyperactivity-impulsivity for younger children. For older children, the same pattern was found as younger children in inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity problems, aggressive parenting added inattention problems. Suggestions for future research were discussed, along with the limitations of the current study.

(The) effects of emotion regulation on adolescent depression

윤현수 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2013 국내박사

Past studies examining emotion regulation(ER) have found that difficulties in ER and use of particular ER strategies are associated with depression in adolescents. However, most of these studies were based on a variable-oriented approach which considers inter-individual differences as random. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between various factors of ER and depression in adolescents based on a person-oriented approach that focuses on individuals. Through two studies, we sought to explore the relationship between ER and depression both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Study 1 was conducted with 365 high school students (166 males and 199 females) from a metropolitan area in Korea. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify underlying clusters of adolescent ER. A five-class model showed the best fit, namely “adaptive ER group (43.8%)”, “excessive strategies group (7.7%)”, “mild dysregulation group (38.9%)”, “high impulsivity group (3.6%)”, and “limited acceptance/strategy group (6.0%)”. The five groups demonstrated differences in the level of depression, and the “limited acceptance/strategy group” showed significantly higher score on depression than other groups. In Study 2, 271 high school students (105 males and 166 females) were assessed three times at 6-month interval. Latent growth curve model (LGCM) and latent growth mixture mode l (LGMM) with a cohort-sequential design were examined. It was found that the initial scores and the change rates of depression had various patterns depending on individuals, and that the change patterns of adolescent depression were categorized into four heterogeneous latent groups, namely “moderate-decreasing (80.4%)”, “moderate-increasing (15.9%)”, “low-increasing (1.8%)”, and “high-decreasing (1.8%)”. Also, emotional awareness, emotional clarity, and expressive suppression strategy significantly predicted the high-risk trajectory for adolescent depression. Above findings together add evidence to the importance of the relation between ER and depression. Specifically, individuals who had difficulties throughout the overall process of emotional processing including emotional awareness, emotional acceptance, and accessing to effective ER strategies, and who used suppression as a primary ER strategy, demonstrated the highest level of depression. Also, difficulties in emotional awareness and clarity and frequent use of suppression were primary risk factors for continuous increase in depression over one year. Therefore, the intervention focused on ER, targeting to enhance one’s emotional awareness and emotional clarity and to reduce the use of suppression, is required for adolescents with depression. Finally, limitations of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

(The) efects of childhood multiple traumas on behavior problems and PTSD symptoms in sexually abused children : mediating effects of emotion regulation

최지영 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2011 국내박사

Differential effects of intolerance of uncertainty and multidimensional perfectionism on worry in the autonomic and sociotropic group

김혜영 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2007 국내석사

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intolerance of uncertainty and multidimensional perfectionism on worry in the autonomic and sociotropic group. A total of 278 university students completed questionnaires on worry (PSWQ), intolerance of uncertainty (IUS), multidimensional perfectionism (MPS), and personal style (PSI). The data were analyzed through hierarchical regression.The results showed that in the autonomic group, intolerance of uncertainty had a significant main effect on worry in Step 1. In Step 2, multidimensional perfectionism had a main effect on worry over and above intolerance of uncertainty. Among the dimensions of multidimensional perfectionism, only self-oriented perfectionism was predictive of worry beyond the effect of intolerance of uncertainty. In Step 3, intolerance of uncertainty and self-oriented perfectionism interacted with each other to explain worry beyond intolerance of uncertainty or perfectionism alone.In the sociotropic group, intolerance of uncertainty had a significant main effect on worry in Step 1. However, multidimensional perfectionism or its interaction with intolerance of uncertainty did not predict worry any further in Steps 2 and 3.The present study sheds light on the differential role that intolerance of uncertainty and dimensions of perfectionism play on worry depending on the personal style. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested. 본 연구의 목적은 불확실성에 대한 인내력 부족, 다차원적 완벽주의의 하위 차원, 그리고 이 둘의 상호작용이 걱정에 미치는 영향이 자율성 및 사회성 집단에서 다르게 나타나는지를 확인하는 것이었다. 이를 위해 대학생 278명을 대상으로 걱정, 불확실성에 대한 인내력 부족, 다차원적 완벽주의 성향, 성격 유형을 측정하는 설문을 실시하였다. 자료는 위계적 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다.자율성 집단에서는 첫번째 단계에서 불확실성에 대한 인내력 부족이 걱정에 유의미한 주효과를 보였다. 두번째 단계에서는 다차원적 완벽주의가 불확실성에 대한 인내력 부족을 넘어서서 걱정에 유의미한 주효과를 보였는데, 하위차원별로는 자기지향적 완벽주의만이 유의한 영향력을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 세번째 단계에서는 불확실성에 대한 인내력 부족과 자기지향적 완벽주의의 상호작용이 주효과를 넘어서서 걱정에 유의미한 영향력을 미쳤다.한편 사회성 집단에서는 불확실성에 대한 인내력 부족의 주효과만이 첫번째 단계에서 걱정에 유의한 영향력을 미쳤으며, 두번째 및 세번째 단계에서 다차원적 완벽주의의 주효과 및 두 변인간의 상호작용 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 중심으로 본 연구의 의의, 제한점, 후속연구에 대한 제안을 논의하였다.

Foreign instructors in Korea: role of cultural intelligence and mediating effects of social support on sojourner adjustment

장지영 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2009 국내석사

This study intended to explore levels of Psychological Adjustment of foreign instructors living in Korea and to investigate the predictive powers of risk factors of maladjustment. Mediating effects of Perceived Social Support on Psychological Adjustment were also investigated. A total of 108 foreign instructors participated in the survey, completing questionnaires on Cultural Intelligence (CQ), Perceived Social Support (PSS), and Depression (CES-D). Data were analyzed using a series of Hierarchical Multiple Regression. Results showed that although not a majority, a significant portion of participants reported significantly high scores of Depression. Predictive powers of demographic and multicultural factors were not significant. Cultural Intelligence and Perceived Social Support, on the other hand, significantly predicted Psychological Adjustment. Further, results also showed that Perceived Social Support from Korean and co-National Friends fully mediated the relationship CQ-Depression. This study is significant both in its contribution to prior studies concerning Cultural Intelligence and Psychological Adjustment, and also in that it is the first to specifically investigate the adjustment of foreign instructors living in Korea. Implications and limitations of this study are also discussed.

(The) specific mechanism of how intolerance of uncertainty leads to maladaptation : the mediating role of coping style

이주은 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2013 국내박사

Although close relations of IU with emotional distress and maladaptation were repeatedly documented, the ways in which IU leads to emotional distress or maladaptation had not been clarified. This dissertation sought to investigate the specific mechanisms of the relationship between IU and emotional distress, adaptation in life, and behavioral aversion to uncertainty through a series of studies. First, consistent with previous studies, it was found that the relationships between IU and emotional distress and maladaptation in life were significantly substantial. It was also identified that IU was particularly associated with emotion-oriented coping style. Further, it was found, while IU was a significant predictor of emotional distress and maladaptation, emotion-oriented coping style mediated the relationship between IU and emotional distress and maladaptation in life, signifying the important influence of the coping style. Second, it was demonstrated that individuals with higher IU tended to prefer actions that can end the state of waiting in uncertainty, even when waiting alone can certainly lower the risk of negative outcome and increase the size of reward. While IU was a significant predictor of behavioral aversion to waiting in uncertainty, the relation between IU and behavioral aversion to waiting in uncertainty was mediated by emotion-oriented coping style. This supports the hypothesis on the mediational role of emotion-oriented coping style in the relation between IU and behavioral maladaptation. Above findings together add evidence to the hypotheses of this dissertation; when confronted with uncertainty or stress, emotion-oriented coping style is activated in individuals characterized by high levels of IU, which in turn increases emotional distress, behavioral inefficiency, and maladaptation in life. At the same time, individuals with higher IU may experience difficulties with adopting a different coping style, for example, task-oriented or avoidance-oriented coping styles. Although significant relationships between IU and emotional distress, behavioral aversion to uncertainty, and decreased quality of life have been examined and reported many times before, the mediational role of coping style was rarely investigated. This study is the first, to the best of author’s knowledge, to examine the hypotheses that emotion-oriented coping style is particularly associated with increased IU and the mediating role of the particular coping style in the relation between IU and these diverse aspects of one’s function in life. Although many previous research results have shown close relationships of IU with many psychopathologies including GAD, one’s IU level is less amenable to modification or intervention because how intolerant one is with uncertainty tended to be a stable personality trait. However, one’s coping style is expected to be more susceptible to change and one can learn diverse strategies and helpful coping skills to be utilized under stress and uncertainty. Such interventions targeting one’s coping style may yield better outcomes in GAD or excessive worry treatment. Several limitations are also discussed, especially in relation to areas of further research and participant recruitment process.

Cognitive buffers against suicidal desire, suicide preparation, and suicide attempt : reasons for living

이유리 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2008 국내석사

This study aimed to examine the protective effect of reasons for living on three subtypes of suicidal behavior that may lie on a continuum: suicidal desire, suicide preparation, and suicide attempt. A total of 277 university students participated by completing questionnaires on depression, hopelessness, reasons for living, and suicidal behavior. Hierarchical regression analyses and a mean comparison through ANOVA were performed on the collected data.The results showed that among the six clusters of reasons for living, Survival and Coping Beliefs had a significant main effect on suicidal desire after controlling for depression and hopelessness. Moral Objections and Fear of Suicide had significant main effects on suicide preparation beyond the effect of suicidal desire. Finally, among participants with greater-than-zero preparation levels, those with history of suicide attempt reported significantly less Survival and Coping Beliefs and Moral Objections than those without such history.The findings in this study suggest that reasons for living may differentially predict various types of suicidal behavior. The implications on suicide risk assessment and prevention strategies and limitations of this study are discussed, and directions for future research are presented. 본 연구의 목적은 자살행동의 세가지 하위유형 - 자살 욕구, 자살 준비, 및 자살 시도 - 에 대한 여러 가지 삶의 이유의 보호적 효과를 검증하는 것이었다. 총 277명의 대학생이 설문에 참여하여, 우울, 절망감, 삶의 이유, 그리고 자살행동을 측정하는 문항들을 작성하였다. 자료는 위계적 회귀분석과 ANOVA를 통한 평균차 비교를 이용하여 분석하였다.통계분석 결과, 여섯 가지 종류의 삶의 이유 중 생존 및 대처에 관한 믿음이 우울과 절망감의 주효과를 넘어서서 자살 욕구를 유의미하게 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 이어서 자살에 대한 윤리적 거부감과 자살에 대한 두려움은 자살 욕구를 넘어서서 자살 준비 수준에 유의미한 주효과를 보였다. 마지막으로, 0 이상의 자살 준비 수준을 보고한 사람들 중 과거 자살시도 경험이 있는 참가자들은 그렇지 않은 참가자들보다 유의미하게 적은 생존 및 대처에 관한 믿음과 자살에 대한 윤리적 거부감을 보고하였다.위 결과들은 자살 행동의 여러 하위유형에 따라 각기 다른 종류의 삶의 이유가 유의미한 예측력을 지닐 수 있음을 제시한다. 이를 중심으로 본 연구의 자살 위험 측정 및 예방 전략에 대한 시사점과 제한점, 그리고 후속 연구에 대한 제안을 논의하였다.

Excessive need for thought control, cognitive self-consciousness, and obsessions : the mediational role of intrusive-thought-focused coping strategy

이서정 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2008 국내석사

본 연구는 침투 사고에 대한 위협 평가와 부적응적 대처방략이 강박사고의 발달에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 대학생 317명을 대상으로 실시되었다. 과도한 사고통제욕구와 인지적 자의식을 위협 평가에의 핵심 요인으로 상정하고, 이 두 요인이 강박사고의 수준에 미치는 영향을 침투사고중심 대처방략이 매개하는지 구조방정식 모형을 통해 검증하였다. 사고통제욕구와 인지적 자의식, 강박사고의 수준과 침투사고중심 대처방략의 사용 정도를 측정하는 설문지가 연구에 사용되었으며 결과는 다음과 같다.먼저 사고통제욕구와 인지적 자의식, 강박사고의 수준은 유의미한 정적 상관을 보였으며, 본 연구에서 가정한대로 위협 평가와 관련된 두 요인이 침투사고중심 대처방략을 거쳐 강박사고로 가는 경로는 모두 유의미하였다. 침투사고중심 대처방략의 완전매개모형은 적절한 적합도를 보였으나, 사고통제욕구에서 강박사고로의 직접 경로를 추가한 부분매개모형이 이보다 유의미하게 높은 적합도를 보였다. 따라서 침투사고중심 대처방략의 부분매개모형이 사고통제욕구와 인지적 자의식, 그리고 강박사고와의 관계를 가장 잘 설명하는 모형이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 결과를 근거로 이 연구의 의의와 제한점을 논의하였다. This study was designed to explore the mediating effect of intrusive-thought-focused coping strategy on the relationship between excessive need for thought control, cognitive self-consciousness, and level of obsessions. A total of 312 university students participated in the study and completed questionnaires on intrusive thoughts (IOWQ), obsessional symptoms (PI), need for control (OBQ), cognitive self-consciousness (CSC-E), and use of coping strategies (WCCL).The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. The result showed that intrusive-thought-focused coping significantly mediated the relationship between the need for thought control, cognitive self-consciousness, and level of obsessions. In addition, in comparison to the hypothesized fully mediated model, a partially mediated model including an additional direct path between need for thought control and level of obsessions better explained the data.This study extends prior understanding of cognitive factors contributing to the development of obsessions by investigating developmental pathways. The implications and limitations of this study, with directions for future research, are also discussed.

(The) mediating effect of emotional ambivalence on the relationship between self-construal and social anxiety

조수현 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2013 국내석사