에센셜 아로마오일의 세포독성과 3종의 어류병원성 세균 항균활성에 미치는 영향

김인환 제주대학교 대학원 2012 국내박사

Recently, four different essential aroma oils extracted from jojoba, ginger, cypress, and rosemary have been highly regarded for their various physiological functions. In order to determine which oil has the highest anti-microbial activity, the study examined the anti-microbial activity against fish pathogenic bacteria such as S. iniae, E. tarda, V. ichthyoenteri. At the same time, to verify the possibility that the oils could be an alternative to antibiotics, the study also investigated cytotoxicities of liver cells, brain cells, and kidney cells against the four oils and assessed the effects on a human body. 1. In regard to viability and morphological change, jojoba oil did not show any anti-microbial activity, nor did it cause any morphological changes to the three different cells (liver, brain, and kidney). However, it stimulated cell growth and proliferation in those cells. In addition, cypress oil showed the lowest cell viability in a concentration of 0.00066μL/mL and showed growth inhibition and endolysis in the liver cells and the kidney cells. 2. The susceptibility disc diffusion method for general anti-biotic substance and VITEC 60 autoanalyzer showed the same anti-bacterial effect even for the same series of antibiotics. The results of comparison and analysis from the 2 methods showed the same susceptibility for the same series of antibiotics but the amount differed from 3 to 10 times. Here, it is confirmed that the injection amount shall be determined based on MIC values. 3. The anti-microbial activity of each essential aroma oil differed according to fish pathogenic bacteria but they all showed suppression in both undiluted solutions and diluted solutions of the oils. That indicates that essential oils include anti-microbial activities against various fish pathogenic bacteria. Rosemary oil in particular did not produce toxicity in the cells, but had the various anti-microbial effects and the physiological ability to enhance other effects. Also, it was found that the cells did not develop a resistance to the oil. This result suggests that rosemary oil could be used as an antibiotic alternative for infections of S. iniae, E. tarda, V. ichthyoenteri. In order to put these results to practical use, further studies on anti-microbial activity of fish, treatment for infected fish, and the effects on the human body by diluting rosemary oil are required at a clinical level. Lastly, this study is expected to be the basis of developing a natural anti-microbial vaccine.

비건에 대한 관심이 육류소비와 비육류 단백질 식품소비에 미치는 영향분석

홍윤지 서울대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

Interest in veganism is increasing worldwide, and the vegetarian population is also increasing in Korea. Average of about 4,000 vegan-related keywords were actively shown on the internet. Also, it was confirmed that the amount of Naver(search engine in South Korea) searches for vegan gradually increased over time. Meanwhile, Korea's per capita meat consumption has steadily increased over the past decade, but it is reported that of younger generation is decreased. In particular, this phenomenon is clearly observed in beef consumption, which may be due to ethical perspectives such as environmental problems and animal welfare, and economic causes such as household income. This study first attempts to find out whether the increasing interest in vegan influenced actual consumers' meat consumption. Second, this study aims to determine how and to what extent the replacement of protein foods occur in ordinary non-meat protein foods due to the recent decrease in red meat consumption. For the analysis of the search volume and meat consumption for vegan, the meat transaction volume and consumer price information(2016~2020) from the Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation was used. For the consumers’ interest in vegan, Naver Trend search volume data was used. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, which simultaneously uses the past values of the dependent and independent variables as independent variables, was employed. As a result of the analysis, if the search volume of vegan increased, the amount of meat transactions excluding imported beef was not statistically significant. The transaction volume of imported beef was statistically significant(positive effect). However, as a result of analyzing the amount of meat purchases by some consumers using consumer panel data, it was found that the amount of purchases decreased as the amount of vegan searches increased. Through this, it was confirmed that interest in vegan has a statistically significant effect on the reduction of meat consumption consumed in households. Using "The consumer panel data(2015-2020)" from the Rural Development Administration, the relationship between the change in non-meat protein food purchases and the change in the beef purchases by age group was analyzed. The two-way fixed-effect model was employed, using each household's average annual purchase amount of shopping baskets. As a result, in the 20s and 30s group, if beef decreased, the purchase of other meat increased more than that of non-meat protein foods. In the 40s and 50s, and the 60s or older, each consumption of egg and tofu replaced beef more than other meat. There was no effect of low income on the replacement of beef with non-meat protein foods in the 20s and 30s. In order to find out that this phenomenon occurs in other red meat, an analysis of the pork purchas was also conducted. It was confirmed that this phenomenon did not clearly appeared in the pork consumption. This study is an empirical analysis of whether the decrease in red meat consumption generally leads to the consumption of existing non-meat protein food. Also it shows the difference between the replacement of meat protein food and non-meat protein food through age-group comparison. Furthermore, it is known that vegan is now key trend among the younger generation based on their environmentally friendly attitudes, but the study reveals that these values have not yet led to actual purchasing behavior. 현재 전세계적으로 비건, 채식주의에 대한 관심은 늘어나고 있고 한국에서도 채식 인구가 증가하고 있다. 온라인 상에서 비건 관련 키워드는 하루 평균 약 4000건으로 이에 대한 대화가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 또한 비건에 대한 네이버 검색량도 시간이 지나면서 점차 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다. 한편 지난 10여년간 한국의 1인당 육류 소비량은 꾸준히 증가해왔으나, 젊은 세대에서는 오히려 감소한 것으로 보고되고 있다. 특히 소고기 소비에서 이런 현상이 뚜렷이 관찰되는데, 이는 환경문제와 동물복지 차원 등의 윤리적 관점과 가계실질소득과 같은 경제적 원인이 있을 수 있다. 본 연구는 증가하고 있는 비건에 대한 관심이 실제 소비자들의 육류 소비를 감소시켰는지 먼저 알아보고자 한다. 적색육 소비 감소에 따라 단백질 식품 대체로 비육류 단백질 식품소비 변화 여부와 그 정도를 파악하고자 한다. 먼저 비건에 대한 검색량과 육류소비에 대한 분석은 2016~2020년 축산물품질평가원의 육류거래량 소비자 가격정보와 2015~2020년 농촌진흥청 소비자패널 데이터, 그리고 네이버 트렌드의 검색량 데이터를 이용하였다. 분석모형은 종속변수와 독립변수의 과거값을 동시에 독립변수로 사용하는 자기회귀분포시차(Autoregressive Distributed Lag; 이하 ARDL) 모형을 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 비건에 대한 검색량이 증가할수록 수입산 소고기를 제외한 육류 거래량은 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 받지 않았다. 수입산 소고기의 거래량은 통계적으로 유의한 양(-)의 영향을 받았다. 하지만 소비자패널 데이터를 이용한 일부 소비자들의 육류 구매액에 대한 분석결과, 비건 검색량이 증가할수록 구매액이 감소한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통해 비건에 대한 관심이 가구 내에서 소비되고 있는 육류 소비량의 감소에 있어서는 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 비육류 단백질 식품 구매액 변화와 소고기 구매액 변화 간의 관계 분석은 농촌진흥청의 소비자패널 데이터(2015~2020년)를 이용하고 구매자와 섭취자가 일치하는 1인 가구를 중심으로, 연령구간별 분석하였다. 분석모형은 패널이원고정효과모형을 사용하였고, 가구별 연평균 장바구니 구매액을 분석 대상으로 하였다. 분석 결과, 20-30대 그룹에서는 소고기 구매액이 줄어들면 비육류 단백질 식품의 구매액보다 다른 육류 구매액의 증가폭이 더 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 반면 40-50대 구간에서는 달걀이, 60대 이상에서는 두부가 다른 육류보다 소고기를 더 대체하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 전 연령구간에서 개별 비육류 단백질 식품들의 대체는 통계적으로 유의하였는데, 이 현상이 소득수준 차이에 기인한 것인지 확인하고자, 소득분위와의 교차항을 활용하여 추가분석을 진행하였다. 분석결과, 소득수준의 영향은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 결과적으로, 20-30대가 비육류 단백질 식품으로 소고기를 대체하는 것에는 소득수준의 영향은 없다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 현상이 다른 적색육에서도 나타나는지 확인하기 위해 돼지고기 구매액에 대한 분석도 진행하였다. 그 결과 소고기 구매액 감소에 따른 변화에서 나타나는 현상이 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구는 젊은 세대의 소고기 소비가 감소하고 있는 현 상황에, 적색육 소비 감소가 기존 비육류 단백질 식품군의 대체로 이어지는지, 육류 식품으로의 대체와는 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 연령구간 비교를 통해 실증 분석한 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 젊은 세대 사이에서 환경과 관련하여 비건이 큰 관심사이나 아직까지 이런 가치관이 실제 구매 행동으로는 이어지지 않고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

농산물 도매시장 주별 가격예측 모델 및 출하 의사결정지원도구 개발 연구

정민제 서울대학교 대학원 2022 국내박사

본 연구의 목적은 국내 최대 농산물 도매시장인 가락도매시장의 주별 토마토 가격 예측 모델 및 농산물 유통조직을 위한 의사결정지원도구를 개발하는데 있다. 국내 농산물 유통 조직(농협 등)의 농산물 시장 출하 환경에서는 주별 계약이 주를 이루고 있다. 또한, 가락도매시장 가격을 참조해 소매 조직과의 거래 가격이 형성되고 있다. 따라서 이들 유통 조직에 필요한 가격 예측 정보는 월 단위가 아닌 주 단위이며, 가락도매시장에 대한 가격 예측 모델 개발이 필요한 상황이다. 주별 도매시장 토마토 가격 예측 모델 개발을 위해 먼저, 국외 및 국내 농산물 가격 예측 통계 방법에 관한 선행연구를 진행하였다. 이를 통해 국외 연구에서 적용된 통계 방법 현황 및 국내 연구와의 격차를 분석하였다. 다음으로는 기존 FQMA(Factor quantile model averaging)에 변수 선정(Feature selection) 방법과 추가적인 통계 방법을 적용해 개선한 Hybrid FQMA(H-FQMA)를 제안한 후, 이에 대한 예측 성능을 평가하였다. H-FQMA는 예측 방법에서 예측 조합(Forecasts combination)에 해당되는 방법이다. 예측 조합은 국외 농산물 가격 예측 연구에서도 적용 빈도가 증가하고 있는 추세이다. H-FQMA의 예측 성능은 MAPE 기준 최고 11.2%를 기록하였으며, 적용된 벤치마킹 모델을 상회하는 예측 성능을 기록하였다. 농산물 유통 조직을 위한 주별 의사결정지원도구 개발에서는 농협 내 시장 출하 의사결정 조직 중 하나인 A 연합사업단 거래 자료와 도매시장 자료를 활용해 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구의 의사결정지원도구의 목적은 시장 영향력을 보유한 농산물 유통 조직이 시장 상황 및 내부 출하 전략에 따라 가락도매시장 가격의 변동성을 분석할 수 있는 웹 기반(Web based)의 도구 개발에 있다. 상기 의사결정지원도구 개발을 위해 BMA(Bayesian model averaging)을 활용해 A 연합사업단과 주요 도매시장 토마토 반입량이 가락도매시장 토마토 가격에 미치는 영향력을 추정하였다. 다음으로는 PSO(Partical swarm optimization)를 적용해 주어진 환경 내 가락도매시장 가격이 높아지는 경우의 수를 추출하는 모델을 개발하였다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 웹 기반의 의사결정지원도구를 개발해 실무자의 활용 편의성을 제고하였다. The purpose of this study is to develop a forecasting model for weekly tomato price of Garak wholesales market, which is the largest agricultural wholesale market in Korea, and a decision-making support tool for agricultural products distribution organization. In the agricultural market shipments of domestic agricultural product distribution organizations(e.g. NH), weekly contracts are predominant. in addition, transaction prices with retailers are being formed with reference to Garak wholesales market. Therefore, forecasting information required for these distribution organizations is weekly, not monthly, and it is necessary to develop a forecasting model for weekly tomato price of Garak wholesales market. In order to develop a forecasting model in the weekly Garak wholesales market, first, a literature review is conducted on the statistical methods for forecasting prices of agricultural products in foreign and domestic markets. Through the above review, the status of statistical methods applied in foreign studies and gaps with domestic studies were analyzed. Next, Hybrid FQMA improved by applying a feature selection method and additional statistical methods to the existing FQMA(factor quantile model averaging) was proposed, and then the forecasting performance was evaluated. Hybrid FQMA is a method corresponding to a forecasts combination in a prediction method. The frequency of application of forecasts combination is also increasing in overseas researches for forecasting agricultural product price. The forecasting performance of Hybrid FQMA recorded the highest 11.2% based on MAPE, and exceeded other benchmarking models. In the development of weekly decision-making support tool for an agricultural product distribution organization, research is conducted using internal data of the Gangwon Association, one of decision-making organizations for the market shipment within the NH, and data from the wholesale market. The purpose of this study's decision support tool is to develop a web-based tool that enables an agricultural product distribution organization with market influence to analyze the price movement of Garak wholesales market, according to market conditions and internal shipping strategies. For the development of the decision support tool, BMA(Bayesian model averaging) was used to estimate the influence of tomato imports from the Gangwon Association and major wholesale markets on tomato price in Garak wholesale market. Next, a model that extracts the number of cases maximizing price of Garak market in a given environment is developed by applying PSO(Partical Swarm Optimization). Using these results, a web-based decision support tool was developed to enhance the practical use of the research.

(The) influence of food choice motives and objective and subjective knowledge on organic food consumption

이서윤 Seoul National University 2016 국내석사

The aim of this study is to examine the influence of six different food choice motives and objective and subjective knowledge on consumers’ attitude toward organic food and organic consumption based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model. The online survey was conducted in October 2015 and data were collected from a sample of 343 in South Korea. This study applied structural equation modeling (SEM) by using a PLS-graph and discovered that among six different motives, concern for health and the environment were found to be the main factors in explaining organic food consumption. In addition, subjective knowledge about organic food had a positive effect on attitude toward organic food. Based on the empirical results, several suggestions are provided to the institutions as to facilitate the organic sector’s on-going expansion in South Korea’s food industry.

2009년 하계 황해투기해역에서의 해양환경 변화에 관한 연구

고혁준 제주대학교 일반대학원 2010 국내석사

This thesis is focused on the impacts of waste dumping on water and sediment quality in the dumping area of the Yellow Sea from 1988. The environmental variables and parameters of the dumping and reference areas in the Yellow Sea were measured during July 2009 and analyzed. In the study area, density stratification defended greatly on temperature rather than salinity. Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water were found below 7℃ at the depth of 30m in all the observation points. The vertical distributions of salinity showed a sudden drop of 0.5∼1.5psu at the 20m depth. It seemed to be influenced by an increase in summer precipitation and also a southward shift of the Yellow River. The chemical environment of the study area showed that deeper water has low pH, high SS and COD, low DO and an accumulation of nutrients in the bottom layer. Most notably, phosphate values at the bottom were higher than the reference area. The reason for the increase appears to be due to the disposal of livestock, sludge, excreta from 2002, rapid consumption of nitrogen and slow biogeochemical circulation. The data also suggests a eutrophic state is occuring at the bottom layer. Sediment COD values exceeded 20㎎O2/g-dry, Japan Fisheries Environmental Standard, at stations 3 and 5. The concentration of Cr exceeded ERL(effect range-low) of the NOAA at station 3 and 4. It seems to be influenced by leather process wastes. The correlation coefficients among the water content and Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Zn concentration in the study area were very high. So, they are staying as dissolved matter. The average concentration of TIN and phosphates at the bottom layer below the thermocline had incersed from 3.7μM to 9.8μM and from 0.5μM to 1.1μM, which correspond to 2.6, 2.2 times accumulation in the dumping area before 1988. Continued disposal of waste into the Yellow Sea has impacted the northwest reference area(st.1) as a result of organic oxidation and heavy metal diffusion. In addition, at the station 3, the concentration of Cr exceeded the ERL(effect range-low) of the NOAA. Therefore, station 3 seems to need a rest zone appointment.

朱子의 修養論에 관한 硏究

金慧洙 全北大學校 大學院 2004 국내석사

The Confucianism thought took the lead in the flow of the Oriental thought together with the Buddhism thought. The Confucianism was inherited and developed with the purpose of unity of heaven and man from Confucius to ChuHui. In particular, ChuHui combined thought of scholars of former days with his own philosophy to make new Confucianism, in other words, the doctrines of ChuHui. ChuHui examined men's moral essece and the subject of moral practice of men closely, and justified the moral culture for becoming the man who complete character besides based on the metaphysical theory of principle and ether. ChuHui said that men are demanded to remove selfishness and preserve natural nature to reach the stage of a saint, and to cultivate them continuously to preserve natural nature. The moral culture includes not only “ju￣ji`ng”(居敬) of internal moral culture but also “qio´ngli˘”(窮理) of external moral culture. “ju￣ji`ng”(居敬) makes a person concentrate on his mind and control it thoroughly to preserve and cultivate rule of Heaven. On the other hand, “qio´ngli˘”(窮理) make a person investigate rule of Heaven thoroughly that objects exist, so that he can get true knowledge. Both methods of moral culture have mutual supplementary relations not emphasizing one method only. In other words, people are required to make efforts to learn “ju￣ji`ng”(居敬) to develop them day by day. The case shall be also applied to “qio´ngli˘”(窮理). ChuHui said that a person can reach the stage of a saint while cultivating him by the moral culture methods and finally realize an ideal society. When people control their mind and examine themselves by ChuHui's theory of cultivation in modern society, they can live humanly life and realize an ideal society.

대조학습과 셀프-어텐션 기반 모델을 활용한 농식품 판매량 예측

장영빈 서울대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

본 연구는 농식품 판매량 시계열의 특성을 반영한 판매량 예측 모델을 개발하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이를 위해 1)변동성이 높은 농식품 판매량 데이터에 적합하며 2)다양한 주기의 동적으로 변하는 계절성을 포착 가능하고 3) 다수의 시계열의 관계를 고정된 수의 파라미터 만으로 반영할 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다. 농식품 시계열의 비선형 패턴을 잡아내기 위해서 셀프-어텐션 모델을 활용했다. 해당 모델은 장, 단기의 비선형 패턴을 잡아내기에 용이하며 시점에 대한 정보를 주는 방법을 조정하여 다양한 계절적 패턴을 포착할 수 있다. 또한 다수 판매 시계열 데이터를 고려하기 위해 대조학습을 활용해 상품 시계열 데이터의 결합 분포를 학습했다. 그리고 이 과정에서 학습한 잠재변수를 판매량 예측에 전이하여 활용했다. 모델의 개발과 검증은 A 생활협동조합의 농식품 판매 시계열 데이터를 통해 이루어 졌다. A 생협의 농식품 판매 시계열 데이터는 변동성이 크고 다양한, 그리고 변하는 계절적 패턴을 보여 본 연구 모델의 검증에 적합한 특성을 가지고 있다. 이 데이터를 이용해 본 연구에서 제안한 전이학습 방법, 모델 구조의 예측 성능을 기존 연구에서 활용한 모델과 비교하였고 일, 주, 월 단위 판매량 예측에서 더 높은 R^2, 더 낮은 평균 오차를 보였다. 본 연구는 상품 판매 시계열 데이터와 모델의 적합성을 검증했으며 다수의 상품 판매 시계열 데이터의 정보를 하나의 모델로 학습했고 이를 판매량 예측에 전이하는 것을 시도했다. 또한 딥러닝 기반 시계열 모델 중 가장 높은 예측 성능을 보인 셀프-어텐션 기반 모델을 농식품 판매량 시계열 데이터에 적용하였고 데이터의 특성에 맞게 개량 하였다는 의의를 가지고 있다. This study aims to develop a sales prediction model that reflects the characteristics of the agri-food sales time series. To this end, we proposed a method that 1) is suitable for highly volatile agri-food sales data, 2) can capture dynamically changing seasonality of various cycles, and 3) can reflect the relationship of multiple time series with only a fixed number of parameters. A self-attention model was used to capture the non-linear pattern of the agri-food time series. This model can capture non-linear patterns and can model various seasonality by adjusting positional encoding methods. In addition, to jointly model multiple sales time series data, the joint distribution of product time series data was learned using contrast learning. And the latent variables learned in this process were transferred to sales prediction. "A" consumer cooperative's agri-food sales time series data was used for the model's development and validation. Agri-food sales time-series of A consumer cooperative demonstrates the characteristics suitable for validating this research model, as they show high volatility and various and changing seasonal patterns. The Pretraining method and model proposed were compared with previous methods Using this data. The result shows that proposed methods outperform previous methods in daily, weekly, and monthly sales prediction.

순자의 예론 연구

김영호 전북대학교 교육대학원 2012 국내석사

ABSTRACT The Study of the Hsün-tzŭ's theory of Courtesy Kim, Youngho Department of Philosophy Education The Graduate School Chonbuk National University The purpose of this study is to focus on how Hsün-tzŭ solved the social problems which occurred during the chaotic state of affairs, at the end of the Warring Country period. Although Hsün-tzŭ was one of scholars in line to succeed confucius, he has been severely criticized by other scholars and his theories have been marked by controversy. : Therefore, this study, through the systematic approach of Hsün-tzŭ's thoughts, is to research what key theories and what kind of efforts he put in to solve problems at his age. In general, some researchers have occasionally stated that the key theories of Hsün-tzŭ are the Treatise of Human Nature, which are related to the theory that human nature is fundamentally evil, and the theory of Heaven, which brought about radical idealogical changes, such as that Heaven was not the subject of personality or morality, but of nature itself. Others have intermittently suggested that Hsün-tzŭ's theories might emphasize the role of human beings ethically changing the Heaven-man relationship into a Nature-man relationship, quoting that most of Confucian scholars have firmly placed a great deal of weight on the theory of the Heaven-man Division (天人之分) when they defined the concept of Heaven-man Unity (天人合一). However, the key theories of Hsün-tzŭ' focus on courtesy(禮). The theory of Heaven, the theory of Human Nature and the theory of Knowledge have been the philosophical results of themselves and they have been founded upon the theory of Courtesy(禮論), which is the essence of Hsün-tzŭ's theories. This study has surveyed the philosophical values in all of Hsün-tzŭ's theories, including the theory of Heaven, the theory of Human Nature and the theory of Knowledge. Through thorough analysis of the main textbook 'Hsün-tzŭ' and previous studies, this study has investigated how they were related to the theory of Courtesy and how they were affected by it. The results of the study are as follows: First, The theory of Nature-heaven and the theory of Heaven-man Division provided the basis of human's role with nature, while considering that his theories treated Heaven as not the personal subject, but the scientific subject. It was said that the saints were made not from the discernment of human nature and human work, but from human effort, explained in his theory of Human Nature, in which human nature is fundamentally evil. It shows that he considered human beings to have enormous potential for development. Second, Hsün-tzŭ's theory of Knowledge explained that there was a processes of perception or cognition occurring in the mind of the subject, and defined that the mind could control cognitive capability and the five senses. It also suggested that there were ways of self-discipline in order to recognize things rightly, keeping balance and not losing pace of mind without any prejudice. These theories, the theory of Heaven, the theory of Human Nature, and the theory of Knowledge, are based on his theory of Courtesy. Finally, to preach the importance of courtesy, Hsün-tzŭ suggested that the theory of Nature-heaven and the theory of Heaven-man Division are required in the theory of Heaven, the theory that human nature is fundamentally evil and the theory that human's effort could change its evil nature (化性起僞) in the theory of Human Nature, and the ways of self-discipline to recognize things rightly in the theory of Knowledge. At that time, Hsün-tzŭ's primary task was to remedy social discontent and to find out the ways to help impoverished people. He synthesized leading theories from all schools and reinterpreted them using Confucianism. Then, he achieved the synthesis of all kinds of ancient thoughts and systematized these theories using different aspects of Confucian theory, even though Mencius didn't dare to. Moreover, although the system of his thoughts were based upon a specific bias, his ultimate principles were toward unification and harmony. The ultimate goal of all his theories such as the theory of Heaven-man Division, the discernment of human nature and human work, statues and position, and appellation etc. is to harmonize the human nature with human work(性僞之合), and unite the social realm(群居和一). The greatness of his thoughts are in them. keywords : Hsün-tzŭ(荀子), courtesy(li, 禮), human work(人爲), discernment, harmony of social realm.

경허의 선사상에 관한 연구

이명노 전북대학교 교육대학원 2010 국내석사

Manhae Han Young-Un, Who was One of the Pioneers of Korean and a great Korean poet, wrote this in his forward to The Collected Writings of Gyeongheo "Every sentence and phrase is full of Seon, steeped in the Dharma, and resonant of Truth. As varied as his topics may be, all his writings and poetry are truly singular and unique." This praise is well-deserved. Gyeongheo was the quintessential Buddhist poet, and man of great self-discipline, strict upon himself with respect to both evil and good. He was a true sage, helping to realize the revival of Seon Buddhism and restore a Korean Buddhism that was in decline. The philosophy of Gyeongheo is defined as a Seon of Hwadu which is indiscriminate equality and daily life, the philosophy of pure land Buddhism being the foundation of Buddhist training and discipline based on 16 methods for training perception and extinguishing Original Sin, a syncretism accepting Maitreyan thought and the Tusita in the Society for The Practice of the Samadhi and Prajna movement, and the Buddhist purification movement's Mahayana Buddhist precepts, which are all characterized simply sharing joys and sorrows with the general public. The Thought of Gyeongheo was pervasively influenced by Master Bojo and Master Seon. This study aims to provide an in-depth look into the life and Seon Thought of Gyeongheo to demonstrate that Gyeongheo's Buddhist philosophy and Seon spirit served as the principal ideological framework and foundation for Korean Seon Buddhism. Gyeongheo when he was 9 years old, had become a monk under master of Gyehuh who have stayed at Cheonggye Temple, and have spent days of cutting wood for fuel, preparing for drinking water and cooking rice, afterward he had a chance to learn literature under the guide of an unknown classical scholar when he was 14. The scholar recommended Gyeongheo to the master for his extraordinariness of the talent of literature, and later on, due to the retirement of the master of Gyeongheo from stage of monk have recommended him th the Manhwa, a lecturer of Donghak Temple. Under the lecturer, Gyeongheo became famous for his ability mastering the scriptures of Buddhism. Confucianism and even to that of Taoism and was presided by the lecturer of Buddhism School of Dong-hak Temple when he was 23 and as a young lecturer he have gained fame. One day on the way to the capital to visit his master, Gyehuh, he gave visited a village near Chunan looking for a place of abode so as to escape a rainstorm and there he witnessed the miserable sight of dead bodies of the village lying around that caused by infections disease of Cholera. Gyeongheo realized the urgent problem of life and death, and 샐 the first time he have provoked his mind of realization and practice indeed. Coming back to Dong-hak Temple, at November after 3 month of devotion of ascetic practing Gyeongheo finally got realization b y a casual word of ' there is no hole of rein to put through even when it has get to a cow'. Next year, in spring he moved to Chunjang Temple for devoting himself to confirm his realization, and one day in June when he was 36, he has achieved a clear realization and by breaking his cane, a symbol of realization, he sang a poem of enlightenment of a long sentence of 579 verses. The song at the end of verses is a summarization of the reality of enlightenment. Hearing from word of no hole of rein Having realized suddenly this word universe as my home On the down road of Yeon-Am Mountain in June Singing the song of peace without purpose is a man of field. From this moment 20 years of life of Gyeongheo was to promote the popularity of Seon around Ho-Seo area including Chunjang Temple and Sudeok Temple, and in 1898 ha leaded the Practice of the Duration of Summer in Bumeo Temple and next year he became the Religious Head of Haein Temple constructing and opening the Center of Seon around Yeongnam area and there he guided the monks and nuns as a Leader of Dharma, and also have established the Religious Order of the Temple. Beginning with Songkwang Temple and Honam Temple he also moved around many places of Honam area and established many Center of Seon teaching Buddhist monks and nuns and promoted Popularity of Seon in the whole county. The representative disciples were successors of Mangong, Hyeoul, Suoul and Hanam, etc. In 1904, when Gyeongheo was 59, by the end of the Buddhist Affairs of Innovation, he retired from his position of monk naming himself as Park-Nanju and moved around Pyeongbuk and Hambuk area also to over the border with the costume of classical scholar and sometimes opened the class of literature teaching scriptures of Confucianism, and enjoyed the life of poems and drink with many of classical scholars of Confucianism and hidden wises including Kim-Damyeo and left many poems showing his internal world and mind of allegiance worried about the situation of country. It is possible to say that his life in those period was a prolonged practice of asceticism after his realization and also a retirement for the sentient being of different lives and also a protest against the destinies of his fatherland with shape of monk. Gyeongheo have passed away in 25th April, 1912 leaving Poem of Nirvana when is age of earthly life was 67, and also 59 by age of a monk. The system of the thought of Gyeongheo is firstly, the proclamation of the Agreement of Seon and Doctrine of Buddhism as shown in the poem of Enlightenment and also what is seen in the poem named <letter to Deungan Hwasang> is the agreement of the Awakened Calmness of Samadhi of Deliberation of Hwadu with Motionless of the Stream of One Mindless of Door of Reciting Buddha, and this is indeed a viewpoint of Seon and Doctrine of Gyeongheo Secondly, a proposal of Seon of Deliberation of Hwadu is a Seon of Hwadu. The Seon of Hwadu began with Bojo, Jinul, succeeded to Naong and next to Saosan, is a stream of Seon of Chosun kingdom. Gyeongheo asserted himself as a 12th successor of Seosan. Thirdly, following the Movement of an Alliance of ancestors of leading spirits between seon and Doctrine, Gyeonghuh had given rise a Movement of Alliance oriented with spirit of the poem of 'allows us to go up to Tusita by practicing Samadhi and Wisdom equally, and allow us to achieve Perfect Enlightenment together with regardless of era and time with a friendship of Buddhist.

Values Affecting Consumer Behavior in the Tourism Industry: A Comparative Study between Korean and Chinese College Students

장희 서울대학교 대학원 2013 국내석사

In this paper, correlations between tourism consumption and analogous culture values in South Korea and China are identified. Cultural values and consumption styles on tourism are measured by using the Schwartz’ Value theory and the Consumer Decision-Making theory. The hypotheses are tested using survey data. The analytic result is shows South Korea and China are statistically similar in the following styles: “Quality Conscious,” “Innovative in Shopping,” “Recreational Conscious,” “Price Conscious,” “Impulsive Buying” and “Confused by Over-choice.” In conformity they are similar in “Brand Conscious,” and “Brand Loyal Consumer.” South Korea’s and China’s value types are aligned with their similar cultural dimensions. These findings emphasize the significance of cultural values in tourism consumption behavior. They can be used to facilitate the redesign of marketing strategies for cross-cultural tourism while also shedding light on the Asian international tourism industry.