태양광물순환시스템의 모터용량과 에너지효율의 상관관계에 관한연구

박명하 세종대학교 정책과학대학원 2014 국내석사

호소내 식물플랑크톤의 증가와 산소 결핍을 해결하기 위하여, 수직적 혼합을 통해 호소에 산소가 풍부한 조건을 만들어 주는 것이 중요하다. 물순환장치를 이용해 호소내의 수직적 혼합을 수행 할 수 있으며, 이는 수중 모터를 이용해 심층수를 펌핑하여 수표면 위로 분사시켜 물을 수직으로 순환시키는 원리이다. 이로 인해 호소내의 성층화를 파괴시키고 녹조의 생성과 번식을 막아줄 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 방식은 심층수를 펌핑하는데 많은 에너지를 소비하고, 처리 면적이 좁아 효율성 및 경제성에서 단점을 지니고 있다. 이에 대한 대안으로 태양광을 이용하여 심층수를 저전력 고성능으로 펌핑하는 시스템이 개발되어 쓰이고 있고, 이에 따른 수질 변화를 파악하는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 이 같은 태양광 물순환장치의 배출량 변화 특성을 파악하고 일련의 실험연구를 바탕으로 에너지를 최적화 할 수 있는 모터를 선정할 수 있는 기초자료를 확인할 수 있었다. 즉, 모터 및 감속기, 전력의 변화에 관계없이 동일한 임펠러, 동일 RPM에서는 동일한 양의 물이 토출됨을 알 수 있었고 모터의 용량 (100W, 150W, 200W)과 감속비(30:1, 25:1, 20:1)를 변수로 설정하고 동일한 RPM, 동일한 전압 하에서 소비된 전류와 토크를 측정하였다. 그 결과 가장 효율적인 전력 값을 가지는 모터의 용량은 200W 였고, 모터의 용량이 200W일 때 shutdown되는 현상을 방지할 수 있는 이상적인 토크 값을 가지는 모터의 감속비는 20:1 임을 알 수 있었다.

최적의 셰일가스 생산을 위한 파쇄공정수 연구 : 국내 파쇄공정수의 유동학적 실험 분석

이재훈 세종대학교 대학원 2013 국내석사

수압파쇄기법(hydraulic fracturing)이란 일반적으로 물과 화학물질의 혼합물을 시추정을 통해 고압으로 주입하여 시추공 주변으로 균열을 생성시키고 이 균열의 틈이 지층의 압력으로 인해 닫히는 것을 방지하기 위해 프로판트(Proppant, 모래알갱이)라 불리는 물질을 주입하여 균열 상태를 유지시키는 방법이다. 수압파쇄 기법을 통하여 전통적인 기법으로는 생산하지 못하였던 남아있는 비전통 원유(unconventional oil)를 생산할 수 있게 되었다. 수압파쇄는 모든 층에서 유용한 방법이라고 알려져 있어 현재까지 많이 사용된 방법 중 하나이기도하다.a 과거에는 사암층(sand stone)이나 셰일층(shale)에서 같은 조합의 폴리머와 프로판트를 사용하였지만, 현재 들어서는 셰일층에서는 낮은 점도의 파쇄공정수(fracturing fluid) 즉, slick water를 사용하는 것이 생산성을 높인다는 연구 결과가 나왔다. Slickwater란 일반적으로 유체손실을 줄이기 위한 낮은 점도의 유체를 말한다. 저류층에서는 셰일가스층에서 수압파쇄(hydraulic fracturing)공정 시 효율성의 증대를 위하여 쓰는 것을 일컫는다. 즉, 유체의 흐름의 증가를 위해 화학적 물질을 첨가한다. 본 연구에서는 국내의 폴리머를 이용하여 생산성의 효율성을 알아보고자한다. 특히, 지금까지 연구 결과가 많이 나와 있지 않은 slick water에 준하는 농도의 비율에 맞추어 실험하였다. 국내의 폴리머는 A-331PVL, A-430PH, A-231PVL을 1pptg, 5pptg, 10pptg로 실험하였고, 기존의 데이터와의 비교를 위하여 Guar 40pptg 또한, 실험하였다. 비교를 위한 실험 진행의 첫 번째로 현재까지 폴리머의 효율성을 증명하기위한 실험실 내에서 이루어지는 leakoff test를 실시하였다. leakoff test는 LPLT와 HPHT 두 가지 경우를 나누어 실시하였다. 결과, 기존의 폴리머와 같은 양상의 그래프가 나타나지 않았다. 즉, 점도가 낮은 유체로 실험하여 여과손실양(spurtloss)의 발생이 미미하였고, 이는 손실의 양이 극히 적어 경제적 효율이 있음을 알 수 있다는 결론을 내리게되었다. 하지만, 여기서 spurtloss의 실험결과 비교만을 통하여 유체의 적합성을 판단 할 수는 없다. 두 번째로, shear rate-shear stress를 통한 점도와 유동학적 특징을 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 기존의 폴리머와 비슷한 양상을 가지고 있음을 도표화 할 수 있었다. 마지막으로, 현장에서 어느 정도 효율이 있을지 알아보기 위하여 Mfrac 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 결론을 내었다. 위 세 가지 방법을 통하여 국내의 폴리머를 이용하여도 지금 활용되는 국외의 폴리머와도 같은 효과를 낼 수 있을 것이라는 추론이 가능하다.

Analysis of clays affecting the production of low-salinity water injection schemes

홍정재 세종대학교 대학원 2013 국내석사

This paper presents the method of low-salinity water injection (up to 1,000 ppm ~ 5,000 ppm) as a way to increase recovery by changing the oil-wet sandstone surfaces due to the presence of clays in the reservoir into water-wet. Various hypotheses exist, and many previous authors have proposed that fines migration, pH increase, and multi-component ionic exchange (MIE) plays an important factor in increasing the overall oil recovery. The presence of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+), and also the content and type of clays in the reservoir also influences the effectiveness of this treatment. Low salinity formation water consists of dissolved salts including divalent cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+). These divalent cations components depend on the type of clay present in the formation (Austad and A Rezaei Doust, 2010.) As for the MIE theory is mentioned as follows. Negatively charged rock surfaces which have clay is attached by divalent cations and therefore oil can be attached to the surface resulting in oil-wet or mixed-wet characteristics. When low salinity water is injected, the hydrogen ions (H+) replace the divalent cations attached to the clay surface and this phenomenon releases the oil attached to the rock surface, resulting in a transition of the wetting phase from oil-wet to water-wet. The affinity of ion-exchange is described in the following order Li⁺ < Na⁺ < K⁺ < Rb⁺ < Cs⁺ < Mg² ⁺ < Ca²⁺ < Sr²⁺ < Ba²⁺ < H⁺ Therefore, in this study, analyzing the occurrence of ion exchange as an important parameter which affects changes in wettability due to clays is presented. The experiments were carried out with rock samples that are mixture of Sand (Hama #8) and clay (illite). We changed the sand to clay ratio in order to observe the effects due to the clay content of low-salt brine in unconsolidated core samples (sand and clay). By the experiment results, it showed that samples with sand to clay ratio of 10:1 gave 4% increasing of oil production. Another sample with a ratio of 10: 1.5 gave 2% increase in oil production. pH measurement showed that the effluent injected brine has a higher pH than before it was injected. The results show that pH commonly rises with increasing PV injection the clay prefers the H⁺ better than the divalent cation, hence decreasing H⁺ concentration in the water. However in some of the experimental results, this phenomenon did not occur. H⁺ ions were repelled and divalent cations attached to the clay surface. This was due to the preference on the surface differing according to the aging process. A higher aging temperature and longer aging period are needed to solve this problem.

중합체 공법 중 유동도 제어와 지층의 적합성 증진을 위한 석유 물성 연구

송태원 세종대학교 대학원 2008 국내석사

Recently as the need for oil as raw materials and energy resources increases rapidly, technologies of discovering new oil fields and efficient development of existing oil field are gaining more attention. Most of productive oil fields have been already developed by major oil companies, future oil fields that are expected to be developed seem to be located at places such as polar regions and remote areas. Therefore it is urgently needed to study enhanced oil recovery technologies to produce more oil in the reservoir where primary and secondary oil recovery technologies are already applied. In this thesis, it is focused on the petrophysical properties which should be given priority in conformance and mobility control for polymer flooding. This technology is applied after completion of secondary water flooding, and with this, it reduces mobility of fluid by adding polymer solution to increase water viscosity that are bypassed by water flooding, whereby enhances sweep efficiency of the fluid. The most widely used polymer in the oil fields are polyacrylamide(PAM) and Xanthan, and in this thesis, polyacrylamide (PAM) was studied for aforementioned purpose. As this solution is very sensitive to temperature, salinity and density, we took this into account in our study to use it optimally in the reservoir. Polymer flooding method is usually used to recover remaining oil after water flooding in the mature reservoir, it is important to identify the basic properties such as the relative permeability, capillary pressure and wettability etc. This thesis classified these kind of basic performances into consolidated and unconsolidated samples. Based on this, it was compared to the experimental result of each basic performances to see whether it is appropriate in calculating property of matter on an empirical formula.

Investigation of the Effect of ASP Slug Sizes on Oil Recovery

정성민 세종대학교 일반대학원 2014 국내석사

Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) flooding is considered as a promising method for enhanced oil recovery since 1980’s. ASP formulations have been developed using defined screening processes established through experiments in labs around the world. Due to recent advances in chemical enhanced oil recovery, surfactant flooding can be used to extend the life of mature reservoirs The objective of this research is to find high performance surfactant formulations and design efficient core floods by comparing ASP slug sizes for Berea sandstone cores with Indonesia X-field oil and brine samples. All of Surfactants were from Aekyung chemical technology company. Microemulsion phase behavior experiments were conducted to identify best ASP formulation in low salinity condition which is from X-field brine samples. Finally, a series of coreflooding experiments was performed to evaluate the performance of additional oil recovery after ASP injection. The result indicated that the ASP design with higher PV*C (37) gave more oil produced than lower PV*C (9). Comparison for the same condition of surfactant quantity, the result of oil recovery showed that a lower ASP slug size with higher surfactant concentration better than a higher ASP slug size with lower surfactant concentration.

(A) design, optimization and sensitivity study of frac-packing treatment in unconsolidated and high permeability reservoirs

Nguyen, HuuDanh 세종대학교 대학원 2013 국내석사

지난 20년간, 심해의 저류층은 오일과 가스 산업구조에 있어 중요한 요소가 되어져 있다. 모래 생산은 미고결 형성층에서 흔히 발생되어진다. 이것은 생산량의 감소와 시추장비, 지상 설비에 피해를 일으키는 요소로 과도한 유지보수를 일으킨다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 모래를 제어하는 기술은 중요하다. 그러므로 모래 . 제어기술은 유정완결 과정을 위한 한 부분으로서 심해 유정에서 생산을 할 시에 기본적으로 고려를 되어야한다. 하지만 여러 가지의 모래 제어 완료 방법은 심해에서 석유와 가스 유정완결을 할 때 선택 사항으로 되어져 있다. 이에 Cased-hole frack pack(FP) 완결은 심해 석유•가스의 개발 단계에서 가장 광범위하게 적용되어지게 설계를 하였다. Frac-pack 기술은 gravel packing 시 모래제어 기술을 기초로 하여 수압파쇄공정을 할 때 생산성 증진을 가져오기 위한 것이다. 일반적으로 Frac-pack 기술은 낮은 유정 손상을 가져올 수 있고 다른 모래 제어 방법들 보다 낮은 실패의 확률을 지닌 공정이다. 이 연구는 Frac-pack 공정에 대한 종합적인 연구를 하였다. 이 공정을 구현하기 위해서는 많은 중요한 부분들이 있지만 크게 2개의 부분으로 나누어 연구하였다.  Frac-pack 공정 시 최신 기술의 접목과 최적화하기위한 과정을 연구하였다  Frac-pack 공정은 디자인, 민감도, 최적화에 대한 현장 자료를 토대로 전산모사를 구축하는 과정을 통하여 심층적 연구를 나아간다. 이 연구는 프로판트(모래알갱이) 크기, 수압파쇄 유체의 점도, 형성층의 두께, 형성층의 투수율과 같은 Frac-pack 디자인의 중요한 매개 변수의 영향을 평가하였다. 또한 공정 시 최적의 경제 효과를 이루기 위한 디자인도 실시하였다. 그것은 수압파쇄 공정 시 전사모사 프로그램인 Mfrac(Mfrac, Mprod, MNPV 모듈)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 핵심 요소 : Frac-packing, 디자인, Tip Screen Out(TSO), 최적화, 모래 제어 Over the past two decades, deepwater reservoirs (water depth > 1000ft) have become a key sector for the oil and gas industry. Sand production is a common occurrence in unconsolidated formations and in most cases it leads to reduced productivity and exceessive maintenance of downhole and surface equipment. Sand control is currently considered the default solution for deepwater production wells and apply sand control methods as part of the well-completion process. Several sand- control completion methods are the current options typically considered when completing oil and gas wells in deepwater. Cased-hole fracpack (FP) completions have been applied most extensively in the development phase of deepwater projects. The frac-pack technique combines the production improvement from hydraulic fracturing with the sand control provided by gravel packing. In general, the FP technique provides the greatest probability of a low completion skin value and the best prospect for reliability as well as has exhibited lower failure rates than other types of sand control methods. This study is comprehensive research for frac-packing treatment. Two main parts will be combined in this research in order to implement successful frac-packing treatment.  Latest technology and the optimization procedure for frac-packing are recommended.  The methodology and workflow for frac-packing simulation study are presented as well as constructing simulation with field data for three parts (Design, Optimization and Sensitivity Study) are implemented. This study assesses an impact of critical parameter on frac-packing design such as proppant size, viscosity of fracturing fluid, formation thickness, formation permeability. An economic optimization for the design be also conducted. It was analysed through the usage of hydraulic fracturing simulator Mfrac ( Mfrac, Mprod , MNPV module). Key worlds: Frac-packing, design, tip screen out (TSO), optimization, sand control.

Study of CO2 EOR and Storage in Crude Oil Reservoir : Indonesia Case

Adi, Novriansyah 세종대학교 대학원 2020 국내석사

Oil reservoir as a CO2 storage site is one of effective option because CO2 can be utilized as an agent for enhancing oil recovery (CO2-EOR) and some portion of the injected gas will be retained inside (CO2-storage). However, the aims for CO2-EOR and CO2 for storage has different objective where CO2-EOR concerns in achieving high oil recovery and neglects the amount of CO2 that can be stored. Government of Indonesia (GOI) has encourage EOR application through its production sharing contract with gross-split mechanism, where CO2-EOR is one the method in EOR. Even though this is positive, but there is no mechanism in concerning the amount of injected CO2 during CO2-EOR project. Through this research, we investigate the effect of additional incentive from retained CO2 aspect to feasibility of CO2 project. The research is divided into experimental, simulation and economic evaluation works. Experimental study uses 3 crude samples (crude oil A, B, and C) from the 2 different oilfields. Crude oil A has high-pour point characteristics, i.e., paraffinic crude oil with medium API while both crude B and C are categorized into medium high API crude. Minimum Miscibility Pressure (MMP) of each crude sample are determined under Vanishing interfacial tension (VIT) test. due to limitation of the VIT apparatus, MMP from the crude A will be determined by Swelling test. Simulation study is conducted to verify the experimental result under EOS and slim tube simulation. Simulation by using simple inverted-5-spot-grid combine with generated fluid model from EOS calculation is performed to investigate the performance of CO2 EOR and CO2 storage in oil reservoir. Finally, the economic study is performed to calculate NPV and evaluate the feasibility of CO2-EOR and CO2 storage project in oil reservoir. Result from this calculation is used to find the most sensitive parameter among oil price, CO2 price, tax, and government share. Effect of incentive such as carbon credit to feasibility of the CO2 project. MMP results from experimental works indicates that pursuing miscible state for crude oil A is impossible due to reservoir condition, i.e., there is a chance to apply immiscible CO2 injection for recovering residual oil under viscosity reduction and oil swelling mechanisms. Result from VIT test by using crude oil B and C shown potential of miscible CO2 flooding since the MMP of the sample are below reservoir fracture pressure. MMP from the EOS simulation indicates MMP value from this method ranges from 4 to 5% discrepancies with experimental result, means the generated fluid model from EOS to calculate MMP can be used to predict recovery performance of the CO2 flooding. Prediction of CO2-flooding performance by using inverted 5-spot scenario results that Continuous CO2 injection scenario produce less oil compare to WAG scenario. Highest oil recovery can be found on water-alternating-gas (WAG) scenario with 2:1 WAG ratio and 2% PV Half Cycle Slug Size (HCSS). From the stored CO2 aspect, reservoir model with crude B model stores less CO2 compare to crude C model in both continuous and WAG CO2 injection. comparing hydrocarbon component of crude B and C, Crude B has less C5+ component than crude C, means the heavier component in crude C is more than crude B. therefore, reservoir contains crude with higher heavy component may retained more CO2. In case of oil with high C5+ component, there is a wellbore operating pressure where both oil recovery factor and percentage of CO2 that is retained inside are equal. Below this pressure, oil recovery is dominant while retained of CO2 is dominant than oil recovery for a condition above the point. Economics study under gross split mechanism shown that application WAG may yield higher Net Present Value (NPV) compare to continuous injection. Performing spider diagram analysis on oil prices, CO2 prices, tax, and government share parameters indicates that the most influential parameter in determining contractor cashflow and NPV are oil price and government share for the best scenario. Adjustment in government share can be made for overcoming low crude oil price where lowering to 40 to 45% government still have positive NPV if oil price is in the range of 54 to 63 US$/bbl. Considering the worst scenario, inclusion of carbon credits and financial support for purchasing CO2 is mandatory because the positive NPV is limited to government share less than 40% with CO2 price less than 1.5 US$/Mscf.

Study on petrophysical properties of oil sands bearing unconsolidated sediments and current In-Situ production technologies

정태문 세종대학교 대학원 2008 국내석사

최근의 고유가는 석유회사로 하여금 심해 및 오지와 같은 험난한 지형에서의 석유개발을 가능케 하고 있으며, 기존의 재래형 에너지뿐만 아니라 오일샌드, 가스하이드레이트, 치밀가스 및 석탄층 메탄가스 등과 같은 비재래형 자원의 개발까지 독려하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 대부분의 저류층에 대한 생산증대를 위하여 물을 주입하는 수공업 이외에 증기, 탄산가스, 계면활성제 및 거품제 등의 주입을 통한 방법이 연구되고 있다. 특히, 오일샌드를 함유한 저류층의 경우 고점성도를 가진 비튜멘의 특성상 증기를 이용한 열 회수공법이 주요 생산 메커니즘이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 열 회수공법 및 이를 활용한 관련 프로세스에 대하여 정리, 분석하였다. 먼저 비튜멘 및 초중질유의 회수를 위한 가장 상업화된 공법인 SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage) 공정에 있어서 최적의 생산및 열효율을 증대시키기 위한 다양한 기법에 대하여 회고하였다. 그 외 열과 다양한 첨가물을 활용한 공법에 대한 실험실 연구, 시뮬레이션 및 파일롯트 테스트 등에 대한 연구결과를 분석하였다. 또한, 오일샌드 퇴적 미고결 지층을 대상으로 매장량 및 생산성을 추정하는데 필수적인 입력자료인 상대유체투과율에 대한 실험을 수행하였으며, 본 결과를 경험 및 통계적인 방법에 의해 도출된 식에 적용하여 미고결 퇴적층에 적합한 최적의 모델을 분석하였다. 마지막으로, SAGD공법의 최적생산 규명을 위한 초기스팀주입 단계에서 스팀챔버의 성장 및 셰일층의 부존에 따른 생산성 예측을 위하여 실험실 규모의 이차원적 저류층 모델을 제작하였다. 예비실험결과 일정량의 스팀주입 30분 후 서서히 스팀챔버의 형성이 관찰됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

가스하이드레이트의 성공적 개발을 위한 기술정책 연구

박승철 세종대학교 대학원 2008 국내석사

As oil prices are fluctuating enormously in these days, researches such as the area of oil sands, tight gas and coal bed methane are getting more attention. Especially, gas hydrates which come into the spotlight recently as a clean energy resources are getting more focus on as future energy resources. To this end, many studies are now activating progressively for safe and economic production of methane hydrate by using hot water, high pressure and brine injection. The basis of supporting the gas hydrates R&D is well established according to the instruction of MKE(Ministry of Knowledge Economy). In this thesis, I have studied the situation of worldwide gas hydrate resources and production technologies and compared the technological situation and policies in Korea with other developed countries such as Japan and U.S.. Moreover, I have analyzed the necessity for effective development plan with the cooperation of experts and reviewed the various legal methods developing in gas hydrates. Also, I mentioned the result of study regarding legal status of R&D outside of Korea territory, a singular mineral inscription of gas-hydrate based on mining law and legal investigation of environmental safety on the mining safety act. Lastly, it analyzed the role of Gas Hydrate R&D Organization and systemic and effective method for long term development plan.

Mechanistic Modeling, Design, and Optimization of Polymer Flooding

Dang Thanh Quy Cuong 세종대학교 대학원 2010 국내석사

최근의 고유가 및 오일생산의 증가에 대한 필요성에 의해 증진회수공법 중 폴리머를 이용한 회수공법에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 폴리머공법은 수공법시 저류층의 불균질성 등 에 의해 발생할 수 있는 초기물돌파에 의한 오일의 생산성 감소문제를 해결할 수 있는 경제적인 방법이다. 하지만, 수공법에 비해 저류층 조건에서 상대적으로 복잡한 프로세스를 포함하기 때문에 이에 대한 연구는 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 Computer Modeling Group의 상용 시뮬레이터인 STAR^(TM)모듈을 이용하여 전산수치시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, 오일회수율, 잔류오일포화도 및 폴리머의 흡착도에 영향을 미치는 다양한 인자인 폴리머농도, 주입부피, 분자량, 주입률 및 주입압력에 따른 영향을 분석 하였다. 또한, 코아 모사시뮬레이션을 수행하여 수공법과 폴리머를 이용한 공법의 차이를 정량분석 하였다. 더불어 알칼리의 주입과 저류층의 불균질도의 차이에 따른 폴리머공법의 효과를 비교 분석하였다. 이후 베트남에 위치한 White tiger 유전의 적용을 위한 연구를 수행하여 폴리머 주입에 따른 효과를 분석, 수행 하였다. 그 결과 Northern Dome 구조의 경우, 최종적으로 19.5 % 에서 65.43 % 로 급격한 회수율의 증가를 보였으며, 약 4,800 m³/d 에서 2,000 m³/d 로 물생산량은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구를 통하여 폴리머공법에 대한 코아테스트 부터 현장적용모델까지의 적용을 통해 폴리머공법에 대한 이해를 넓혀갈 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Polymer flooding is of increasing interest and importance because of high oil prices and need to increase oil production. The benefits of polymer are well established. The polymer has very important benefits such as lowering mobility of water phase and improving sweep efficiency that significantly increases amount of recovered oil and make polymer flooding become a very attractive enhanced oil recovery method. However, chemical flooding and particularly polymer flooding is very complex process so it is important to fully understand polymer behaviors in reservoir conditions. Using numerical models, the process can be designed and optimized to ensure the proper propagation of polymer and sufficient effect in viscosity of polymer solution to obtain a favorable mobility during oil displacement process. The first step in this investigation was to determine the most suitable mathematical model in order to adequately simulate the polymer flooding process. We describe the polymer flooding module of STARS^(TM) simulator, which was developed by Computer Modeling Group, with particular attention to rheological properties of polymer solution and the effect of important factors like polymer concentration, injected slug size, polymer molecular weight, injection rate, and injection pressure on oil recovery factor, residual oil saturation and polymer adsorption level. A series of polymer coreflood simulation was performed in the second step and the better performance of polymer flooding as compared as waterflooding was clearly proved. The effect of alkali and reservoir heterogeneity degree on polymer flooding was carefully investigated by a numerous simulations. The optimal polymer solution and operated conditions was suggested to achieve the best result of polymer coreflood in laboratory scale. Subsequently, both of general polymer flooding as agents to lower water mobility and polymer conformance control technology for water shut-off purpose were tested in Lower Miocene Reservoir of White Tiger oil field which is a highly heterogeneous reservoir and a good candidate for applying chemical flooding to enhance oil recovery. A successful assisted automatic history matching was proposed to overcome the limitations of traditional history matching in complex reservoir. The simulation results indicated that general polymer flooding and polymer gel treatment are promising method in tertiary recovery process in heterogeneous reservoirs like Lower Miocene. The cumulative oil recovery increased from 19.5% OOIP for pure waterflooding into 65.43% OOIP for polymer flooding in Southern dome structure. While, water production reduces from 4,800m³/d into less than 2,000m³/d in Northern Dome after polymer gel treatment was applied. The advantageous and benefits of polymer flooding were perfectly proved from laboratory to field scale both in this study and other researches. However, its application has not been widespread in the world. One reason for the lack of widespread use may be the technical challenges associated with designing an economically attractive polymer flood. Although the basic concept of polymer flooding is straightforward, the evaluation and design of polymer floods is significantly more complex than primary depletion or waterflooding. A new guideline for economic evaluation of polymer flooding was presented. Upon this guideline and propositional economic model, the feasibility of polymer flooding in pilot scale could be sufficient evaluated. This research helped us develop our understanding on the process of polymer flooding. In general, these mechanistic simulations gave insights into the propagation of polymer solution in both of core sample and real reservoir and aid in future coreflood and full field scale designs of polymer flooding.