International sports law and business . Volume 3

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Part Ⅳ Broadcasting and Sports in Selected Jurisdictions
• 1.0. Introduction = 1699
• 2.0. The United States = 1700
• 2.1. Recent Developments in the Industry = 1700
• 2.2. Introduction to US Sports Broadcasting Law = 1714
• 2.3. the Property Right = 1714
• 2.3.1. Unfair Competition and the Property Right = 1715
• A. International News : commercial misappropriation = 1715
• B. Case law since International News = 1715
• 2.3.2. Satellite Transmission Piracy = 1723
• 2.3.3. Home Taping = 1724
• 2.4. Limits of the Property Right = 1724
• 2.4.1. Public Venue Sports Events = 1724
• 2.4.2. The News Reporting and "Fair Use" Exceptions = 1725
• 2.4.3. Overriding Laws and Policies = 1728
• 2.5. Conflicting Claims to the Property Right／Copyright = 1728
• 2.5.1. Athletes' Right of Publicity = 1728
• 2.5.2. Team's Copyright in Broadcasts : Preemption of Right of Publicity by Work for Hire Doctrine = 1729
• 2.5.3. Inter-Club Claims = 1732
• 2.6. Cable Television = 1732
• 2.7. Superstations = 1732
• 2.8. Exclusive Television Licenses Under the Antitrust Laws = 1736
• 2.9. Sports Leagues and Associations : Collective Action for Broadcasting Purposes = 1736
• 2.9.1. Introduction = 1736
• 2.9.2. Pooled Television Rights Sales in American Collegiate Sports = 1738
• 2.9.3. Antitrust, Pro Sports and The Sports Broadcasting Act = 1743
• A. 1291, Sports Broadcasting Act : pooled pro leagues sales of sponsored telecast rights to games exempt from antitrust laws = 1743
• B. 1292, Sports Broadcasting Act : blackout arrangements and related matters in pro sports = 1756
• 2.9.4. Professional Baseball's Antitrust Immunity and Broadcasting = 1758
• 2.10. Parting comments : Sports Broadcasting and Antitrust in the USA = 1758
• 3.0. Canada, Australia and New Zealand = 1760
• 3.1. Introduction = 1760
• 3.2. Exclusive Licenses for Television Rights to Sports Events = 1760
• 3.3. Pooled Package Sales of Television Rights = 1761
• 3.4. Ownership of Broadcast Rights to Sports Events ; Property Rights in Events Themselves = 1761
• 3.4.1. Stadium／Arena Sports = 1767
• 3.4.2. Public Venue Sports = 1768
• 3.5. Athlete's Right of Publicity = 1769
• 3.6. Broadcasting Contract Disputes : Some recent Canadian Decisions = 1769
• 3.6.1. Exclusive Radio Rights to Toronto Blue Jays Baseball Games Granted? = 1769
• 3.6.2. Sale of Television Rights to Winnipeg Jets Ice Hockey Games : "Blackout Rights" Included? = 1770
• 3.6.3. Was Copyright Assigned for NFL Game Telecasts? 1771
• 4.0. Japan = 1772
• 5.0. European Community and Member Countries = 1773
• 5.1. Overview of the EC Sports Broadcasting Market = 1773
• 5.1.1. General Observations = 1773
• 5.1.2. Main Players in Sports Programming : Television Rights Generally = 1773
• 5.1.3. EC Competition Law Issues = 1776
• 5.1.4. Texts of Articles 85 and 86, Rome Treaty = 1776
• 5.2. "Exclusive" Broadcast to Sports Events ; Joint Purchase／Sharing ; and Pooling = 1778
• 5.2.1. Screenport／EBU Members - Joint Venture to Create "Eurosport," a Transnational Satellite Sports Television Channel = 1778
• 5.2.2. La Cinq SA. v E. C. Commission = 1787
• 5.2.3. EFA／BBC／BSkyB Case : Exclusive Television Rights Contract = 1787
• 5.2.4. EBU／Eurovision System : Acquisition of Television Rights to Sports Event ; Program Exchange("Eurovision") ; and Third Party Access = 1789
• 5.2.5. Other Decisions on Exclusive Television Rights = 1804
• 5.2.6. "Pooled" Sale of Media Rights by League, Federation or Other Body = 1805
• 5.3. Federations' Control Over Broadcasting of Sports Events Into Their Country : UEFA's Rule 14 = 1806
• 5.4. Future Developments = 1807
• 5.5. Other EC Broadcasting Decisions = 1808
• 5.6. EC Directive on Television Advertising and Sponsorship ; Copyright Broadcasting Directive = 1808
• 5.7. Pro basketball : Will Televising Foreign Games Harm or Benefit the Sport? Can Federations Prevent it? = 1808
• 5.8. European Sports Federations and Broadcast Rights = 1809
• 5.9. National Laws of Individual EC Member Countries ; and Switzerland = 1811
• 5.9.1. France = 1811
• 5.9.2. Germany = 1816
• 5.9.3. Italy = 1822
• 5.9.4. Netherlands = 1824
• 5.9.5. Spain = 1826
• 5.9.6. Sweden = 1830
• 5.9.7. United Kingdom = 1831
• 5.9.8. Switzerland = 1834
• 6.0. Drafting Contracts For the Sale of Television Rights = 1835
• 6.1. Strategy and Goals = 1835
• 6.2. The Rights Fee Agreement : Terms and Conditions = 1836
• 6.3. Examples of Sports Broadcasting Contracts = 1849
• Exhibit A : International Olympic Committee's Television News Access Rules = 1850
• Exhibit B : Certain Definitions From International Olympic Committee Standard Form Television Agreement = 1852
• Exhibit C : A US Pro Sports League Television Rights Sales Agreement = 1854
• Exhibit D : Standard Form Broadcasting Contract of European Track and Field Association("EEA") = 1865
• Exhibit E : Standard Form Broadcasting Contract of French Tennis Association = 1876
• Part Ⅴ Sports Marketing : US, International and Foreign Perspectives
• 1.0. Introduction and Credits = 1886
• 1.1. Introduction = 1886
• 1.2. Credits = 1886
• SPORTS MARKETING IN THE USA
• 2.0. The Marketing Scheme in US Professional Team Sports = 1887
• 2.1. Rights Generally Exercised by Teams = 1888
• 2.1.1. Promotional Materials = 1888
• 2.1.2. Sponsor Advertisements and Signage = 1889
• 2.1.3. Team Identified Products = 1890
• 2.1.4. Game Footage = 1890
• 2.2. Rights Generally Exercised by Leagues = 1891
• 2.2.1. Promotional Materials = 1891
• 2.2.2. Sponsor Advertisements = 1891
• 2.2.3. Team Identified Products = 1892
• 2.2.4. Game Footage = 1892
• 2.3. Player Likeness Rights = 1892
• 2.4. Conflicts Between League and Teams = 1893
• 3.0. Merchandise Licenses = 1897
• 3.1. Rights Granted = 1897
• 3.2. Product Category = 1901
• 3.3. Exclusivity = 1901
• 3.4. Advertising and Promotion = 1902
• 3.5. Territory and Distribution = 1902
• 3.6. Quality Control = 1903
• 3.7. Cross - Licensing = 1905
• 3.8. Subcontracting and Sublicensing = 1905
• 3.9. Royalties and Guaranteed Minimums = 1906
• 3.10. Trademark and Copyright Protection = 1907
• 3.11. Early Termination, Force Majeure and Assignability = 1908
• 3.11.1. Early Termination = 1908
• 3.11.2. Force Majeure = 1909
• 3.11.3. Assignability = 1909
• 3.12. Some Antitrust and Other Litigation Involving Sports Merchandising(Goods and Services) = 1910
• 3.13. National Hockey League Merchandise License Agreements = 1913
• 4.0. Sponsorship Arrangements = 1913
• 4.1. Categories of Promotional rights = 1916
• 4.1.1. Event Sponsors = 1918
• 4.1.2. Broadcast Sponsors = 1919
• 4.2. Advertising and Signage = 1920
• 4.3. Product Placement and Product Sampling = 1921
• 4.4. Exclusivity = 1922
• 4.5. On-Field Promotions = 1922
• 4.6. Hospitality and Tickets = 1923
• 4.7. Community Relations and Grass Roots Activities = 1924
• 4.8. Dance Teams and Performing Acts = 1924
• 4.9. Fees = 1925
• 4.10. Licensor Approvals = 1926
• 4.11. Indemnity and Insurance = 1927
• 4.12. Checklist of Key Points For Event Sponsorship Agreements = 1928
• 4.13. Example of Sports Sponsorship Agreement = 1932
• 5.0. Athlete Endorsement and Licensing Arrangements = 1932
• 5.1. Background = 1932
• 5.2. Types of Publicity Rights ; Representative Statutory Provisions = 1933
• 5.2.1. Likeness And Identity = 1934
• 5.2.2. Nicknames = 1935
• 5.2.3. Look-Alikes = 1936
• 5.2.4. Sound-Alikes = 1936
• 5.2.5. Performing Style or Persona = 1936
• 5.2.6. Four Recent Court Decisions : the "69 Micracle Mets" ; the Joe Montana Case ; the Law Alcindor Case ; and the Dennis Rodman Case = 1936
• 5.3. Related Legal Theories = 1940
• 5.4. Publicity Rights Usage Categories = 1941
• 5.4.1. Product Endorsement = 1941
• 5.4.2. Clutter Breakthrough = 1942
• 5.4.3. Product Sampling = 1942
• 5.4.4. Product Licensing = 1942
• 5.5. Group License Rights and Individual Athlete Publicity Rights = 1943
• 5.5.1. Defining Group Rights = 1943
• 5.5.2. Inactive players = 1943
• 5.5.3. Contexts in Which Rights Are Granted to Use Attributes = 1944
• 5.6. Specific Statutory Provisions Regarding Endorsements = 1946
• 5.7. Athlete Attribute Licensing Considerations = 1946
• 5.7.1. Licensing v. Endorsement = 1946
• 5.7.2. Exclusivity - Limitations = 1947
• 5.7.3. Territory = 1947
• 5.7.4. Team Rights = 1947
• 5.7.5. Quality Control Review and Approval = 1947
• 5.7.6. Term = 1948
• 5.7.7. Compensation = 1948
• 5.7.8. Insurance = 1948
• 5.7.9. Indemnification = 1949
• 5.7.10. Sublicense and Assignment = 1949
• 5.8. Athlete／Player Obligations With Respect to Services = 1949
• 5.8.1. Appearance Requirements = 1949
• 5.8.2. Commercials, Videos and Shows = 1950
• 5.8.3. Limitations on Other Licenses／Endorsements = 1950
• 5.8.4. Morals Clause = 1950
• 5.9. Litigation Involving Endorsement and Similar Arrangements = 1951
• 5.9.1. Tom Seaver : Mattgo Enterprises, Inc. v Oldmobile Dealer T.V. Communications = 1951
• 5.10. Examples of Athlete Endorsement Agreements = 1952
• 5.11. Trading Cards = 1952
• 5.11.1. Athlete's right of Publicity : Haelan Laboratories v Topps Chewing Gum : 1953 = 1953
• 5.11.2. FTC's 1965 Decision Re Topps = 1953
• 5.11.3. Fleer Corporation v Topps Chewing Gum, Inc. : Third Circuit Decision(1981) = 1954
• 5.11.4. Topps Chewing Gum, Inc. v Major League Baseball Players Association : 1986 Antitrust Case Concerning Players Association : 1986 Antitrust Case Concerning Players' Publicity Rights For Trading Cards = 1957
• 5.11.5. Football Cards : Topps v. NFL and NFL Properties(1990) = 1958
• 5.11.6. Football Cards : National Football League Properties v Playoff Corporation : (1992) = 1959
• 5.11.7. Unlicensed Trading Cards : Major League Baseball Players Association v Dad's Kid Corp.(1992) = 1961
• 5.11.8. Parodic Baseball Cards : Cartoons, L. C. v Major League Baseball Players Association(1994) = 1963
• 6.0. Ambush Marketing = 1965
• 6.1. Congratulatory Advertisements = 1966
• 6.2. Comparative Advertising ; Parasitic Advertising = 1967
• 6.3. Examples of Ambush Marketing Cases = 1967
• 6.3.1. Master Card v Sprint : Conflicting Contract Rights - 1994 World Cup Soccer = 1967
• 6.3.2. Nike v Apex One Inc. - "Spatting" = 1968
• 6.3.3. Nike's "Just Do It, America" Posters : 1996 Atlanta Olympics = 1969
• 6.4. Trademarks ; Trademark and Related Litigation = 1969
• 6.4.1. Professional Sports = 1969
• A. Embroided emblems reproducing NHL trademarks = 1969
• B. Embroided emblems again - this time the NFL = 1970
• C. NFL football jersey replicas = 1971
• D. Boston Marathon = 1972
• E. Dallas Cowboys cheerleaders' uniforms = 1972
• F. "New Jersey Giants" apparel = 1973
• G. "Colts" dispute between NFL／Indianapolis Colts and Baltimore CFL Colts = 1974
• H. "Brooklyn Dodger" Mark = 1975
• I. "PCA" mark = 1976
• J. The "Masters" mark = 1977
• K. "Jacksonville Jaguars" = 1977
• L. Las Vegas Diamondbacks v Arizona Diamondbacks = 1978
• M. Harlem Wizards v Washington Wizards(formerly Bullets) = 1979
• 6.4.2. College／Universities = 1979
• 6.4.3. Olympics ; Non-Collegiate Amateur Sports = 1980
• INTERNATIONAL AND FOREIGN ASPECTS OF SPORTS MARKETING
• 7.0. Introduction = 1980
• 7.1. International Marketing = 1982
• 7.2. The NHL In Europe = 1983
• 8.0. Examples of International Sports Marketing Agreements = 1984
• 8.1. NHL Merchandise License Agreement For the European Community(European Union) = 1984
• 8.2. NBA Properties International Retail Product License Agreement = 1984
• 8.3. Fictitious US Pro Volley Ball Club Merchandise License Agreement = 1984
• 8.4. Adidas Standard Contracts : Promotion Agreement ; Supply and Promotion Agreement ; and Equipment Agreement = 1985
• 8.5. UK-Style Concultancy／License Agreement For Gymnasium Products = 1985
• 8.6. Other Examples = 1985
• 9.0. International Sponsorship and Licensing : General Considerations = 1986
• 9.1. Globalization of Sponsorship = 1986
• 9.2. Sponsorship and Endorsement Contracts Under Civil Law Legal Systems = 1987
• 9.3. Trademark Protection = 1990
• 9.4. Right of Publicity = 1992
• 10.0. Legal Aspects of International And Foreign Sports Marketing Selected Aspects, Selected Jurisdictions = 1993
• 10.1 Sports Marketing in Europe = 1994
• 10.1.1. A Recent Text = 1994
• 10.1.2. EC Competition(Antitrust) Law ; National Competition(Antitrust) and Related Laws of EC Countries = 1994
• A. Introduction = 1994
• B. Contractual provisions and conduct capable of Violating EC competition law = 1996
• C. EC Member State national laws = 1998
• 10.2. Sports Marketing In Japan = 1999
• 10.2.1. Japanese Pro Baseball and Pro Soccer = 1999
• 10.2.2. Japanese Antimonopoly Act and FTC Guidelines = 1999
• 10.3. Sports Marketing in Selected Latin American Countries = 2000
• 10.3.1. Mexico = 2001
• 10.3.2. Venezuela = 2003
• 10.3.3. Brazil = 2006
• 10.4. Sports Marketing in Australia and New Zealand = 2009
• 11.0. Broadcasting and Sports = 2011
• 12.0. Other Contractual Considerations in International／Foreign Sports Marketing = 2011
• 12.1. Improper Termination of Agents, Distributors and Other Contracts／Relationships = 2011
• 12.2. Dispute Resolution in International Sports Marketing Contracts = 2014
• 13.0. Ambush or Parasitic Marketing = 2016
• 13.1. Protection in Certain Countries = 2017
• 13.1.1. The United Kingdom ; Other Commonwealth Countries = 2018
• 13.1.2. Other countries = 2018
• 13.2. Some Specific Cases Outside of the USA = 2019
• 13.2.1. Canada = 2019
• 13.2.2. European Community(European Union) = 2019
• A. Community law = 2019
• B. Member countries : national law = 2020
• (ⅰ) France = 2020
• (ⅱ) Italy = 2020
• (ⅲ) Spain = 2020
• 14.0. Conflicting Sponsorship Rights and Arrangements = 2023
• 14.1. Federations or Event Sponsors v Clubs = 2023
• 14.2. Event and Other Sponsors v Television Sponsors = 2024
• 14.3. Clubs or Event Organizers v Athletes = 1024
• 14.4. Other Conflicts-Nigerian Soccer Sponsorships = 2025
• Exhibit A : National Hockey League Retail License Agreement For Use in USA = 2026
• Exhibit B : National Hockey League Premium License Agreement For Premium Retail Arrangements Within the USA = 2040
• Exhibit C : National Hockey League Promotional License Agreement For One or More Licensed Promotional Programs = 2050
• Exhibit D : Sample Title Sponsorship Agreement = 2056
• Exhibit E : Sample Athlete Endorsement Agreement = 2068
• Exhibit F : Sample Endorsement and License Agreement = 2076
• Exhibit G : National Hockey League Merchandise License Agreement For the European Community(European Union) = 2083
• Exhibit H : NBA Properties International Retail Product License Agreement = 2095
• Exhibit I : Fictitious US Pro Volley Ball Club Merchandise License Agreement For Canada = 2114
• Exhibit J : adidas Promotion Agreement = 2123
• Exhibit K : adidas Supply and Promotion Agreement = 2126
• Exhibit L : adidas Equipment Agreement = 2129
• Exhibit M : UK Style Consultancy／License Agreement For Gymnasium Products = 2133
• Exhibit N : Complaint Filed in NFL Properties v Dallas Cowboys, Texas Stadium and Jerry Jones(US District Court, S. D. N. Y.) = 2136
• Exhibit O : Complaint Filed in Dallas Cowboys, Texas Stadium and Jerry Jones v NFL, NFL Trust, NFL Properties, NFL Clubs et al.(US District Court, S. D. N. Y.) = 2157