Studies of thermospheric neutral winds utilizing ground-based optical and radar measurements

목차 (Table of Contents)

• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS = ⅱ
• LIST OF FIGURES = ⅶ
• LIST OF TABLES = ⅹⅴ
• CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION = 1
• 1.1 Objectives = 1
• 1.2 Review of the F-region Thermosphere = 4
• 1.2.1 Dynamics = 4
• 1.2.2 Magnetospheric/Ionospheric Processes = 10
• 1.2.3 Governing Equations = 18
• 1.3 Review of the Lower Thermosphere and the Upper Mesosphere = 21
• 1.3.1 Introduction = 21
• 1.3.2 Atmospheric Waves = 23
• 1.3.2.1 Tidal Waves = 24
• 1.3.2.2 Planetary Waves = 30
• 1.3.2.3 Gravity Waves = 33
• CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH TOOLS = 36
• 2.1 Fabry-Perot Interferometer = 36
• 2.1.1 Introduction = 36
• 2.1.2 Mathematical Development = 37
• 2.1.3 Retrievals of Geophysical Parameters = 41
• 2.1.4 The Thule Air Base and Søndre Strømfjord FPIs = 47
• 2.1.5 Ann Arbor/peach Mt. FPI = 49
• 2.2 Models = 51
• 2.2.1 TIGCM = 51
• 2.2.2 Vector Spherical Harmonics (VSH) Model = 57
• 2.2.3 HWM93 Model = 61
• 2.2.4 Forbes Tidal Model = 61
• 2.2.5 Forbes and Vial Model of the Semidiurnal Tide = 62
• 2.2.6 Empirical Modeling of Lower Thermospheric Tides and Winds = 63
• 2.2.6.1 Rough Mode Extension for Semidiurnal Tide = 63
• 2.2.6.2 Empirical Modeling of the Lower Thermosphere = 64
• CHAPTER 3 OBSERVATIONS OF F -REGION NEUTRAL WINDS AT HIGH LATITUDES = 65
• 3.1 Introduction = 65
• 3.2 Thermospheric [OI] 6300 A Emission = 66
• 3.3 The Effect of Solar Activity on the Thermospheric Neutral Winds = 68
• 3.4 Geomagnetic Control of Thermospheric Winds = 76
• 3.5 Maximum Antisunward Wind over the Polar Cap = 81
• 3.6 Dependence of High-Latitude Thermospheric Circulation on By Component of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field = 82
• CHAPTER 4 OBSERVATIONS OF LOWER THERMOSPHERIC AND UPPER MESOSPHERIC NEUTRAL WINDS = 88
• 4.1 Introduction = 88
• 4.1.1 Greenline [01] 5577 A Emission = 89
• 4.1.2 OH Meinel Bands = 92
• 4.2 Atmospheric Scattering Effects on Ground-Based Fabry-Perot Measurements = 94
• 4.3 Observations of Lower Thermospheric Neutral Winds over Thule Air Base and Strødre Størmfjord, Greenland = 96
• 4.3.1 Ground-Based FPI Simulation of Lower Thermospheric Winds = 97
• 4.3.2 Seasonal Variations of Winds = 102
• 4.3.3 Day-to-day Variability of Waves = 109
• 4.4 Observations of Lower Thermospheric / Upper Mesospheric Neutral Winds over Ann Arbor = 111
• 4.4.1 Introduction = 111
• 4.4.2 Seasonal Averaged Upper Mesospheric Winds over Ann Arbor = 114
• CHAPTER 5 EMPIRICAL MODELING ; OF LOWER THERMOSPHERIC WINDS = 118
• 5.1 A Semi-Empiric3l Model of the Semidiurnal Tide = 118
• 5.1.1 Introduction = 118
• 5.1.2 Data Base = 119
• 5.1.3 Equinox Results = 121
• 5.1.4 Solstice Results = 131
• 5.2 A Global Empirical Model of Lower Thermospheric Winds and Upper Mesospheric Winds and Tides = 136
• 5.2.1 Introduction = 136
• 5.2.2 Data Base = 141
• 5.2.3 Empirical Modeling Procedure = 144
• 5.2.4 Comments of Data Procedure = 148
• 5.2.5 Semidiurnal Results = 148
• 5.2.5.1 Equinox Result = 158
• 5.2.5.2 Solstice Results = 164
• 5.2.6 Diurnal Results = 164
• 5.2.6.1 Equinox Result = 169
• 5.2.6.2 Solstice Results = 176
• 5.3 Summary = 183
• CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS = 187
• REFERENCES = 193